Le site LEPCAM est un site d’e-learning permettant aux étudiants et professionnels de santé d’acquérir des compétences en recherche médicale .
Il est accessible à tous gratuitement, sous licence Creative Common et sans publicité.
Pour toute question, n’hésitez pas à me contacter via nicolas@lepcam.fr
Bonne lecture
Nicolas de Chanaud
Pourquoi ce site ?
Intérêt de la recherche en santé
L’apprentissage de la recherche médicale, le développement de la recherche clinique et la pratique de la médecine fondée sur les preuves sont aujourd’hui indissociables . Savoir lire, écrire, communiquer et publier est indispensable pour :
la pratique : améliorer l’information des patients : les connaissances scientifiques évoluant constamment, les soignants doivent se tenir informés pour rester critique à l’égard des données fournies par les revues ou la presse grand public.pratiquer des soins de qualité : le clinicien doit savoir placer les résultats dans une démarche de raisonnement d’un cas clinique afin de prendre la meilleure décision pour le patient. L’amélioration des pratiques en santé passe par l’Evidence-Based Medicine (EBM). l’enseignement : L’enseignement de la médecine fondée sur les preuves nécessite une bonne compréhension de ce qu’est l’EBM. la recherche : gagner du temps lors de ses recherches : savoir quel article lire, comment le lire et où chercher l’information pertinente.progresser dans la carrière universitaire : la communication et la publication de ses travaux de recherche est une nécessité développer la recherche, notamment en soins primaires : initier, réaliser et publier ses travaux de recherche avec une méthodologie de qualité permet de faire progresser sa discipline et participe à l’élaboration d’une pratique en accord avec l’EBM. promouvoir sa discipline en tant que discipline scientifique à part entière.
La recherche dans les études médicales
Les autorités ont inclus cet apprentissage tout au long des études médicales. L’objectif de cette partie est de :
Indexer les références officielles du programme d’enseignement des études médicales (1er, 2ème et 3ème cycle) Acquérir de la méthodologie et analyser les principales épreuves Comprendre l’intérêt de la recherche post doctoral
PACES / module 4
Le programme officiel a été fixé par le bulletin officiel n°45 du 3 décembre 2009 .
Disciplines notamment concernées
Sections médicales :Biophysique et médecine nucléaire (43-01) Biostatistiques, informatique médicale et technologie de la communication (46-04) Sections pharmaceutiques : Biophysique-Biomathématiques (85) Sections scientifiques : Mathématiques et physique
Objectifs généraux
Notion de grandeurs intensives et extensives Maîtrise de notions mathématiques de base (fonctions trigonométriques, exponentielles, logarithmes, fonctions à plusieurs variables) et de la métrologie. Maîtrise des bases mathématiques utiles à la compréhension dans les techniques statistiques appliquées à la médecine (théories ensemblistes élémentaires, fonctions mathématiques de base) Probabilités : Maîtrise du concept de probabilité, des probabilités conditionnelles élémentaires, Lois de probabilité discrète (Bernoulli binomial, Poisson) et continue (loi normale, Student) Statistiques et leurs implications dans le domaine médical :Maîtrise de la méthodologie (rétrospectif/prospectif, etc.), introduction à la critique d’une méthode statistique. Maîtrise du concept d’échantillonnage, d’estimation ponctuelle et par intervalle de confiance. Maîtrise des tests statistiques paramétriques et non paramétriques. Bases statistiques des études épidémiologiquesIntroduction à la notion de critique des tests statistiques dans les expériences ; choix de la méthode, protocole, puissance statistique en vue de la préparation à la lecture critique d’article. Exemple : Apports des probabilités conditionnelles (sensibilité/spécificité ; VPPA/PN) dans le choix d’examens paracliniques.
Principaux items
Généralités en métrologie.Grandeurs, unités, équations aux dimensions ; échelles et ordres de grandeur. Mesures et leur précision Introduction à l’informatique médicale Mesure des phénomènes biologiques : valeur et limite d’une mesure, d’une fonction Échantillonnage Statistiques descriptives : indice de position (moyenne, médiane …) et de dispersion (extremum, quartiles…) Loi de probabilité discrète (Poisson, Bernoulli, Binomiale) et continue (Loi normale, Student) Probabilité conditionnelle Méthodologie des études épidémiologiques (rétrospective/prospective, randomisation, double aveugle…) Estimation ponctuelle et par intervalle de confiance Tests paramétriques :Comparaison d’une moyenne à une norme Comparaison de deux moyennes avec échantillons indépendants (Loi de Fisher) et appariés (Loi de Student) Comparaison de deux variances. Test du Chi2 (X2) : Test d’indépendance – Test d’homogénéité – Test d’adéquation à un modèle théorique Tests non paramétriques : avec échantillons indépendants (Mann and Whitney), avec échantillons appariés
ECNi / LCA
A. Le programme officiel
Le programme a été publié au Bulletin Officiel de l’Enseignement Supérieur et de la Recherche du 16 mai 2013
La LCA (Lecture Critique d’Article) est définie par :
L’Unité d’Enseignement (UE) 12 : Formation générale à la recherche.
Cette formation, dispensée sous forme d’enseignements dirigés, porte sur la lecture critique d’articles scientifiques et a pour objectifs de : Comprendre comment s’élabore une question scientifique Apprendre à mener une recherche documentaire sur un sujet Développer une analyse critique des données existantes Comprendre comment s’élabore une hypothèse de travail Comprendre les processus expérimentaux mis en œuvre Savoir analyser les résultats présentés ainsi que leur discussion Être capable de restituer et de synthétiser le contenu scientifique. Les articles scientifiques sont choisis dans tous les domaines de la recherche biomédicale. La préparation à la lecture critique d’articles implique un travail en petits groupes tutorés, avec présentation orale et discussion interactive. Un stage de courte durée dans un laboratoire de recherche est souhaitable. La validation de cette formation permet l’obtention d’ECTS.
On peut aussi retrouver des indications dans les compétences génériques à acquérir au cours du 2ème cycle :
Scientifique :
L’étudiant comprend que pendant toute sa vie professionnelle il devra remettre en question et chercher à réactualiser ses connaissances afin de garantir son domaine d’expertise. Il comprend l’intérêt de la démarche scientifique pour élaborer de nouveaux savoirs. Il :
Situe la place de la recherche dans l’apport des connaissances nouvelles et dans l’évolution de la pratique professionnelle ; Démontre sa connaissance des différents aspects de la recherche biomédicale ; Explique les différents niveaux de preuve et les limites de ses connaissances scientifiques ; Accède aux informations (gestion internet et anglais médical) et sait les évaluer de manière critique ; Démontre sa capacité d’acquérir des concepts relatifs à la médecine factuelle et à les utiliser dans diverses situations cliniques ; Participe à la formulation d’une problématique de recherche face à une situation non résolue et envisage les pistes susceptibles de résoudre cette problématique.
B. L’épreuve
Les anciennes recommandations du CNCI et le Bulletin Officiel du 30 août 2001 précisaient que :
Aucun calcul nouveau ne peut être demandé. Un commentaire de tableaux, figures ou calculs statistiques peut être demandé. La forme de l’article peut être discutée […] Il ne peut être posé de questions de mémorisation sur le sujet étudié ni de questions s’écartant de l’article Les questions ne sont pas posées dans un langage de spécialistes. Elles doivent être comprises simplement par tout étudiant de deuxième cycle. […] Si une définition pose problème, c’est‐à‐dire si elle peut faire l’objet de discussions, la définition retenue pour cette épreuve doit être précisée dans l’intitulé.
De son côté, le SIDES donne d’autres informations mais elles datent de 2013 :
2 articles scientifiques 30 questions 2 articles en anglais à partir de 2017
Si on se réfère à l’arrêté du 20 juillet 2015 , l’épreuve de LCA aura les caractéristiques suivantes :
2 articles scientifiques d’une même valeur, d’une durée totale de 3 heures. Le 1er article a une orientation clinique Le 2ème article a une orientation physiopathologique Chaque article comporte de 13 à 17 questions à choix multiple, qui sont posées de manière progressive à l’instar des épreuves du 1° du présent article. La LCA compte pour 10% de la note finale
Quels types d’articles sont susceptibles de tomber ?
D’après l’arrêté du 20 juillet 2015, il devrait y avoir un article de physiopathologie. Difficile de dire s’ils vont vraiment le faire car les étudiants sont particulièrement mal préparés à ce type d’article dans les facultés de médecine. En tout cas, il n’y a pas eu d’article de physiopathologie en 2016. D’après les anciennes recommandations du CNCI, il ne pouvait tomber qu’un article original (observationnel ou expérimental), excluant les revues systématiques, la recherche qualitative, les analyses médico-économiques, les études de qualité de soin, les études semi-quantitatives. À mon avis, ce sera toujours le cas.
Interne / thèse
La thèse d’exercice est une étape obligatoire marquant la fin des études de médecine ou de pharmacie. Bien qu’elle puisse être vécue comme une épreuve par certains, la thèse permet au futur professionnel d’apprendre à adopter un raisonnement scientifique à une question de recherche, à travailler avec des chercheurs et à apporter sa contribution à l’élaboration du savoir.
I. De l’idée à la thèse
Avant de se mettre à écrire sa thèse, quelques étapes de réflexion sont nécessaires.
A. Choix du directeur de thèse
Son choix est primordial, il devra vous accompagner et portera une part de responsabilité scientifique sur le résultat de votre travail. Les compétences à rechercher sont :
compétences scientifiques : votre sujet doit se rapprocher de sa thématique de recherche afin qu’il puisse bien vous orienter et qu’il y trouve son intérêt. compétence méthodologique : il faut s’assurer qu’il a les compétences pour vous encadrer. compétences pédagogiques : diriger une thèse s’apprend. Si c’est sa 1ère direction de thèse, il peut se forme via les programmes de formation médicale continue ou co-encadrer la thèse avec un autre directeur. spécialité : généraliste ou spécialiste, le principal est qu’il soit en accord avec votre DES et votre future spécialité. Attention aux directeurs non généralistes hospitaliers qui connaissent mal les problématiques de la médecine générale ambulatoire.universitaire : si vous désirez faire une carrière universitaire, il peut être stratégique de choisir un directeur avec qui vous souhaitez travailler. Attention, les universitaires sont souvent débordés par leurs multiples activités vous obligeant à être autonome.du temps à vous consacrer : le temps est précieux chez les universitaires, il faut discuter dès le 1er entretien le temps qu’il pourra vous accorder. Si votre futur directeur ne répond pas à vos mails et que vous êtes obligé de le relancer, ça commence mal…
B. Le choix du sujet de thèse
Si vous n’avez pas d’idée précise, votre directeur de thèse doit pouvoir vous aiguiller sur un sujet de thèse concernant son domaine de recherche. Votre sujet devra vous motiver suffisamment ainsi que votre directeur.
Globalement vous aurez le choix entre la recherche qualitative et quantitative. D’autres méthodologies et divers formats existent : pédagogique, sociologique, historique, éthique… même en BD .
Attention, le sujet doit vous intéresser ! évitez les sujets abandonnés par d’autres internes ou les projets trop ambitieux.
Choix d’un co-thésard : de plus en plus de thèses sont réalisées à plusieurs internes afin de partager la quantité de travail et de permettre la réalisation de travaux de plus grand impact. Renseignez-vous au sein de votre université si elle autorise ce type de thèse et renseignez-vous sur vos potentiels co-thésards car la qualité du travail final dépendra de tous.
C. Thèse qualitative ou quantitative ?
La recherche qualitative est une méthode de recherche récente (apparition du terme MeSH en 2003) qui permet de répondre à certaines questions de recherche en médecine générale.
Cette méthode attire certains étudiants afin d’éviter de réaliser des analyses statistiques, elle semble facile : « Il suffit de faire quelques entretiens et les retranscrire… » et rapide : « Pas besoin d’aller fouiller des dossiers médicaux ».
Malheureusement, ce raisonnement est incorrect :
Pas de statistique mais il faut savoir coder des données qualitatives Il faut se former à une nouvelle méthode rarement abordée en santé L’investissement en temps est important , notamment pour retranscrire les entretiens puis les coder.
Pour les internes, avant de choisir de réaliser une étude qualitative, mieux vaut peser les avantages et les inconvénients. Cette méthode doit correspondre question de recherche et susciter votre intérêt. Vous pouvez vous référer au chapitre spécifique sur la recherche qualitative.
Pour les directeurs de thèse, vous pourrez retrouver les principaux obstacles à la réalisation de thèse qualitative en médecine générale dans cet article d’Exercer .
D. Modalités administratives et universitaires
Chaque faculté dispose d’un bureau des thèses où vous trouvez les ressources nécessaires. Pour les médecins, vous pourrez présenter votre thèse à partir de 3 semestres validés.
Une fois votre thématique, votre sujet et la méthodologie choisies, certaines spécialités exigent que vous fassiez valider votre projet par une commission.
E. Planifier son travail
Une thèse de médecine dure au moins 12 mois. N’hésitez pas à prévoir large, surtout si on vous a proposé un poste débutant à une date fixe.
Dans son guide du thésard , H. Maisonneuve vous propose le rétroplanning suivant :
II. Le travail de recherche
Un travail de recherche suit presque toujours un processus identique. On peut le décomposer en 8 étapes chronologiques :
De l’idée à la recherche documentaire : en partant d’une idée de recherche, trouvez la question de recherche pertinente à l’aide de la recherche documentaireIdentifier la question et le type d’étude adapté :identifiez la question de recherche d’une étude et comprenez les principaux types d’études.Élaborer un protocole : créez un protocole de qualité pour votre étude, comprenant le respect de la réglementation, l’éthique et la méthodologieRecueil et saisie des données : apprenez à réaliser un questionnaire et un entretien, à recueillir et saisir les donnéesAnalyse des résultats : analyser correctement des données quantitatives (statistiques) et qualitatives (théorie ancrée et phénoménologie interprétative)Interprétation et critique des résultats : interprétez correctement les résultats d’un article et développez une analyse critique de sa qualitéRédaction, communication et publication : déchiffrez les différentes parties d’un article original, rédigez votre thèse ou votre article, communiquez vos résultats à un congrès et publiez votre travail dans une revue.
III. La rédaction et la relecture
A. Relecture
Avant d’imprimer le texte définitif, vous devez faire relire votre thèse par des relecteurs. Vous pouvez les choisir librement.
Vous pouvez choisir 1 ou 2 relecteurs de votre famille qui pourront corriger les erreurs de frappes ou les fautes d’orthographe, ainsi que des collègues qui pourront critiquer le fond du travail.
Certains logiciels de correction d’orthographe et de grammaire sont aussi très performants comme Antidote de chez Druide.
B. Les chapitres supplémentaires
Votre thèse devra inclure certaines parties imposées par votre université :
Couverture Liste des professeurs et/ou maîtres de conférence de l’université Serment d’Hippocrate Dédicaces et remerciement Table des matières Liste des abréviations Annexes Résumé anglais-français 4ème de couverture …
C. Impression
Vérifier d’abord les recommandations de votre université : grammage du papier, format…
Habituellement, on choisit :
Grammage : d’au moins 80 g/cm2 afin que la feuille ne soit pas trop transparente Format : A4 avec des marges suffisantes Reliure : thermocollée Numérotation : chiffres arabes Typographie : privilégiez une police sans empattement (sans serif) type helvatica, futura, arial. Certains utilisent un empattement triangulaire type Times ou palatino. Cette typographie était utilisée par les journaux de presse afin de faciliter l’impression. Garder la même typographie dans tout le texte (titre, paragraphe…) 1 exemplaire par membre du jury et pour votre famille, ainsi que quelques exemplaires en plus.
D. Permis d’imprimer
Une fois votre thèse prête, vous devez faire une demande de « permis d’imprimer ».
Accompagnée de certains documents, votre thèse non reliée doit être déposée au bureau des thèses pour être validée. Attention aux délais, il faut souvent la déposer au moins 1 mois ouvert avant la soumission.
Le « permis d’imprimer » vous sera délivré 1 semaine avant vote soumission, vous autorisant à soutenir.
IV. Soutenir
A. Choisir son jury
Il faut compter plusieurs semaines pour choisir son jury à l’aide de son directeur de thèse et pour convenir d’une date.
Le jury sera chargé d’évaluer votre travail. Après avoir lu votre thèse, il écoutera votre présentation lors de votre soutenance, vous posera des questions, validera votre thèse et vous accordera, au besoin, une distinction.
Président du jury : il doit avoir la fonction de PU (Professeur Universitaire) et doit être en exercice. Attention, habituellement, la soumission de thèse se déroule dans l’université de votre président de jury.Membres du jury : au total, ils doivent être au moins 4, comprenant 3 enseignants titulaires (PU ou MCU). Votre directeur de thèse en fait partie. Étant des enseignants contractuels, les chefs de cliniques ne sont pas éligibles.
La proposition de jury doit être acceptée par le directeur de l’université et ne sera plus modifiable.
La thèse conduisant au diplôme d’État de docteur en médecine est soutenue devant un jury présidé par un professeur des universités des disciplines médicales titulaire et composé d’au moins quatre membres dont trois enseignants titulaires des disciplines médicales désignées par le président de l’université sur proposition du directeur de l’unité de formation et de recherche médicale concernée.
section II, article 20 du décret n°2004-67 du 16 janvier 2004 relatif à l’organisation du troisième cycle des études médicales et du décret n°2010- 700 du 25 juin 2010 modifiant le décret n°2004-67 du 16 janvier 2004
B. Convenir d’une date
Attention à bien choisir la date. Anticipez plusieurs semaines en avance, surtout si vous souhaitez passer en octobre (à cause d’une prise en fonction universitaire en novembre).
Après s’être assuré que la salle des thèses était disponible, organisez le choix de la date et de l’horaire (en utilisant le logiciel Doodle par exemple). Réservez-la et envoyez une confirmation à votre jury.
C. La soutenance
Vous disposez de 15-20 min pour exposer oralement votre travail de recherche à l’aide d’une présentation écrite. Il s’ensuivra une séance de questions du jury pour éclaircir certains points.
Pour la communication orale, vous pouvez vous référer au chapitre dédié de LEPCAM.
Après une délibération, le jury rendra son verdict : reçu avec/sans correction.
Il pourra décider d’attribuer une mention votre travail en vous remettant les félicitations du jury ou une médaille.
D. Et après ?
Apéro !
Traditionnellement, la soutenance est suivie d’un « pot de thèse » organisé par la famille permettant au thésard, aux auditeurs et aux membres de jury de se désaltérer et d’échanger quelques mots.
Des certificats provisoires seront délivrés par la faculté pour permettre les démarches administratives (inscription à l’Ordre notamment). NB : Il existe un référentiel gratuit « Le guide du thésard » . Bien qu’il soit édité par le laboratoire Sanofi, n’hésitez pas à le consulter.
« Publish or perish » / Postdoc
La carrière universitaire est un parcours semé d’embuches.
Une préoccupation importante des chercheurs (ou plutôt des universitaires) est de publier dans une revue avec l’impact factor le plus élevé. Mais pourquoi cette obsession ?
Tout est question d’argent et de renommée :
Les unités de recherche de gagnent de l’argent pour chaque point SIGAPS : 1 point = 750 euros environ (par an pour une période de 4 ans)Les chercheurs gagnent en notoriété leur permettant postuler à des postes universitaires . Les candidats MCU (Maître de Conférence des Universités) doivent habituellement avoir au moins 200 points SIGPAS et les candidats PU au moins 400.
Ainsi, la bibliométrie est l’application de méthodes statistiques et mathématiques pour mesurer, évaluer, étudier, la production et la diffusion d’ouvrages, d’articles et d’autres publications. Les indicateurs issus de la bibliométrie permettent de classer les chercheurs et les organisations. Un guide détaillé a été élaboré par l’Université de Bretagne .
I. Les points SIGAPS
Le SIGAPS (Système d’Interrogation, de Gestion et d’Analyse des Publications Scientifiques) permet de calculer de nombre de points que gagne chaque chercheur, service ou université grâce à une publication. Le score SIGAPS d’un chercheur, d’un service ou d’un CHU correspond à la somme des scores de tous ses articles.
L’équation pour calculer les points SIGAPS est la suivante :
Score SIGAPS pour 1 article = coefficient catégorie x coefficient position.
Plus la revue est importante , plus son IF sera élevé, plus la catégorie sera élevée, plus elle fait gagner des points. Plus votre nom est bien placé dans la publication (début ou fin), plus vous gagnez des points.
A. Le financement de la recherche
Avant 2007, le financement des CHU (Centres Hospitalo-Universitaires) dépendait d’une enveloppe forfaitaire représentant 10,5 à 13 % du budget du CHU.
En 2007 est apparu le modèle MERRI (Missions d’Enseignement de Recherche de Référence et d’Innovation) modifiant les modalités de financement. Il comprend une part :
Fixe pour couvrir les surcoûts liés au temps attribués à l’enseignement et la recherche déduit du temps médical.Variable couvrant les structures d’appui à la recherche clinique (CIC, DRCI), les PHRC (Programme Hospitalier de Recherche Clinique), l’enseignement et la formation du personnel, les activités hautement spécialisées, les activités de soins réalisées à des fins expérimentales, la réalisation de soins non couverts par les nomenclatures ou les tarifs (ex. Autorisation Temporaire d’Utilisation, Biologie Hors Nomenclature).Modulable dépendant des publications, du nombre d’étudiants, des brevets et des scores liés aux essais cliniques.
Développé par le CHU de Lille en 2002, le Système d’Interrogation, de Gestion et d’Analyse des Publications Scientifiques SIGAPS permet de recenser et évaluer automatiquement les références bibliographiques produites par un chercheur ou une unité de recherche, à partir de la base Medline (Pubmed). Il a été adopté en 2007 pour évaluer les publications scientifiques de la partie « modulable » du MERRI.
A noter que les Départements de Médecine Générale ne sont pas sujets au MERRI et ne dépendent pas du SIGAPS pour leur financement. De plus, la médecine générale qui dispose désormais de sa propre sous-section au CNU, ne prend pas compte des points SIGAPS dans la nomination de ses universitaires.
B. Le référencement des publications
Le logiciel interroge la base de données Medline à partir de PubMed. Chaque chercheur est identifié avec son nom et son initial. Le logiciel télécharge les citations correspondantes pour valider ce référencement en 2 étapes :
informatique : en recoupant des informations tel l’établissementmanuelle : à partir d’une liste de publications présélectionnées, le chercheur validera annuellement les publications dont il est bien l’auteur.
C. Le calcul du score SIGAPS
Le logiciel va permettre de calculer un score pour l’établissement, le service, le chercheur. Il est calculé annuellement basé sur :
le nombre de publicationsla qualité de la revue à travers l’impact facteur « relatif »la position de l’auteur dans la publication
1. La qualité de la revue
Elle est évaluée par l’impact factor d’une revue (issu du JCR, cf au chapitre correspondant ) au sein d’une discipline (issu du CNU, Conseil National des Universités). En effet, la difficulté à publier dans une revue d’impact factor (IF) élevé dépend de la discipline.
Les revues sont classées en 5 catégories (de A à E) en fonction de leur IF.
Il existe une 6ème catégorie appelée NC (Non Classée) , correspondant aux revues n’ayant pas d’IF (non classée sur JCR). Ces revues représentent 12 % des articles publiés, et correspondent à :
Surtout les publications dans des revues françaises qui sont souvent très peu référencées dans le JCR. Les publications de revues récentes (<2-3 ans) car l’IF se calcule sur plusieurs années. Certaines publications lors de congrès référencés sur PubMed (proceeding) mais non référencées dans le JCR.
Pour chaque discipline, on calcule plusieurs indices de position de l’IF : le 1er quartile (Q1), la médiane (ou 2ème quartile), le 3ème quartile (Q3) et 90ème percentile (P90) . On regarde ensuite où se trouve l’IF de la revue dans laquelle on a publié, ce qui permet de déterminer la catégorie de la revue. Le classement SIGAPS des revues est accessible sur le site de votre CHU, par déduction, les généralistes n’ont pas de classement SIGAPS.
Chaque catégorie correspond à un nombre de points :
catégorie de la revue A B C D E NC nombre de points 8 6 4 3 2 1
2. La position de l’auteur
Certaines positions sont stratégiques lors de la publication d’un article. En fonction du placement de son nom dans les auteurs, le nombre de points se différent :
position de l’auteur 1er 2ème 3ème autre avant dernier dernier investigateur nombre de points 4 3 2 1 3 4 1
position de l’auteur
Cas particulier :
Si plusieurs auteurs d’une même équipe se trouvent dans un article, on prendra seulement le score le plus élevé. Si 2 auteurs sur une même publication font partie d’un pôle différent au sein d’un CHU, chaque pôle pourra comptabiliser ses scores mais le CHU ne comptera que le meilleur.
II. SAMPRA
SAMPRA est un nouvel outil bibliométrique complémentaire au SIGAPS en cours de développement au CHU de Lille .
Il permet de mieux recenser les publications d’un établissement (et non pas d’un chercheur seul).
Alors que SIGAPS est plus orienté pour les hôpitaux, SAMPRA concerne plutôt les universités et établissements de recherche.
Il a l’avantage :
d’apporter une meilleure visibilité des établissements, des unités et des chercheurs. D’harmoniser l’indexation des auteurs pour qu’ils soient mieux référencés De couvrir un domaine de recherche plus large en interrogeant aussi le Web of Science Core Collection (Thomson Reuters) alors que SIGAPs n’interroge que PubMed. De mieux identifier les auteurs en utilisant l’ORCID et le ResercherID.
En revanche :
Il ne concerne pas les chercheurs indépendants ou les maisons de santé universitaire à moins d’avoir une activité de publication suffisamment importante Il ne prend toujours pas en compte l’activité d’enseignement des chercheurs Il n’influe pas sur l’attribution des crédits MERRI
{1093634:KN4AP5E5};{1093634:B3UEABVC};{1093634:B3UEABVC};{1093634:SNHMFRI7};{1093634:C6ASPCAN};{1093634:I6JCJ54Q};{1093634:Z3TD2RJ4}
vancouver
default
asc
0
58
%7B%22status%22%3A%22success%22%2C%22updateneeded%22%3Afalse%2C%22instance%22%3Afalse%2C%22meta%22%3A%7B%22request_last%22%3A850%2C%22request_next%22%3A50%2C%22used_cache%22%3Atrue%7D%2C%22data%22%3A%5B%7B%22key%22%3A%224ISQ58ER%22%2C%22library%22%3A%7B%22id%22%3A1093634%7D%2C%22meta%22%3A%7B%22creatorSummary%22%3A%22Matayong%20et%20al.%22%2C%22parsedDate%22%3A%222023-11-02%22%2C%22numChildren%22%3A0%7D%2C%22bib%22%3A%22%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-bib-body%5C%22%20style%3D%5C%22line-height%3A%201.35%3B%20%5C%22%3E%5Cn%20%20%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-entry%5C%22%20style%3D%5C%22clear%3A%20left%3B%20%5C%22%3E%5Cn%20%20%20%20%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-left-margin%5C%22%20style%3D%5C%22float%3A%20left%3B%20padding-right%3A%200.5em%3B%20text-align%3A%20right%3B%20width%3A%201em%3B%5C%22%3E1.%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-right-inline%5C%22%20style%3D%5C%22margin%3A%200%20.4em%200%201.5em%3B%5C%22%3EMatayong%20S%2C%20Jetwanna%20KW%2C%20Choksuchat%20C%2C%20Choosawang%20S%2C%20Trakulmaykee%20N%2C%20Limsuwan%20S%2C%20et%20al.%20IoT-based%20systems%20and%20applications%20for%20elderly%20healthcare%3A%20a%20systematic%20review.%20Univ%20Access%20Inf%20Soc%20%5BInternet%5D.%202023%20Nov%202%20%5Bcited%202024%20Oct%208%5D%3B%20Available%20from%3A%20%3Ca%20class%3D%27zp-ItemURL%27%20href%3D%27https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.1007%5C%2Fs10209-023-01055-1%27%3Ehttps%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.1007%5C%2Fs10209-023-01055-1%3C%5C%2Fa%3E%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%5Cn%20%20%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%5Cn%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%22%2C%22data%22%3A%7B%22itemType%22%3A%22journalArticle%22%2C%22title%22%3A%22IoT-based%20systems%20and%20applications%20for%20elderly%20healthcare%3A%20a%20systematic%20review%22%2C%22creators%22%3A%5B%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22S.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Matayong%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22K.%20W.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Jetwanna%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22C.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Choksuchat%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22S.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Choosawang%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22N.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Trakulmaykee%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22S.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Limsuwan%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22K.%20S.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Inthanuchit%22%7D%5D%2C%22abstractNote%22%3A%22This%20paper%20systematically%20reviews%20previous%20studies%20about%20Internet%20of%20Things%20%28IoT%29-based%20systems%20and%20applications%20for%20elderly%20healthcare.%20The%20review%20aims%20to%20achieve%20several%20objectives.%20Firstly%2C%20it%20seeks%20to%20classify%20the%20healthcare%20categories%20and%20research%20areas%20addressed%20in%20the%20reviewed%20studies.%20Secondly%2C%20it%20aims%20to%20explore%20the%20current%20trends%20in%20terms%20of%20main%20ideas%2C%20contributions%2C%20and%20limitations%2C%20providing%20insights%20for%20future%20research%20directions.%20Lastly%2C%20it%20presents%20distributions%20of%20the%20research%20works%20based%20on%20healthcare%20categories%2C%20area%20studies%2C%20publication%20years%2C%20and%20publishers.%20The%20review%20process%20follows%20the%20guidelines%20of%20Systematic%20Reviews%20and%20Meta-Analyses%20%28PRISMA%29%20to%20ensure%20a%20rigorous%20examination%20of%20the%20selected%20papers.%20A%20total%20of%2054%20academic%20papers%2C%20published%20in%20peer-reviewed%20venues%20between%202018%20and%202022%2C%20were%20included%20in%20the%20review%2C%20making%20it%20the%20first%20of%20its%20kind.%20The%20results%20indicate%20that%20IoT-based%20technologies%20play%20a%20significant%20role%20in%20creating%20systems%20and%20applications%20to%20support%20the%20elderly%20across%20various%20healthcare%20categories%2C%20including%20health%20promotion%2C%20health%20prevention%2C%20health%20treatment%2C%20and%20health%20rehabilitation.%20There%20are%20several%20area%20studies%20identified%20as%20%281%29%20security%2C%20%282%29%20platforms%2C%20infrastructure%2C%20and%20architecture%2C%20%283%29%20designs%20and%20developments%2C%20%284%29%20analytics%2C%20models%2C%20and%20algorithms%2C%20%285%29%20frameworks%2C%20%286%29%20hardware%20and%20devices%2C%20%287%29%20computer%20systems.%20Among%20the%20healthcare%20categories%2C%20health%20monitoring%20in%20the%20health%20rehabilitation%20category%20and%20fall%20detection%20for%20health%20prevention%20category%20emerged%20as%20the%20most%20commonly%20addressed%20topics.%20In%20terms%20of%20publication%20trends%2C%20the%20majority%20of%20relevant%20papers%20were%20published%20in%202021.%20The%20research%20area%20with%20the%20highest%20number%20of%20papers%20was%20designs%20and%20developments%2C%20with%20ScienceDirect%20being%20the%20most%20prominent%20publisher%20for%20this%20research.%20Overall%2C%20this%20systematic%20review%20provides%20valuable%20insights%20into%20the%20field%20of%20IoT-based%20systems%20and%20applications%20for%20elderly%20healthcare.%20These%20findings%20can%20guide%20future%20studies%20and%20contribute%20to%20the%20advancement%20of%20IoT-based%20solutions%20for%20elderly%20healthcare.%22%2C%22date%22%3A%222023-11-02%22%2C%22language%22%3A%22en%22%2C%22DOI%22%3A%2210.1007%5C%2Fs10209-023-01055-1%22%2C%22ISSN%22%3A%221615-5297%22%2C%22url%22%3A%22https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.1007%5C%2Fs10209-023-01055-1%22%2C%22collections%22%3A%5B%22SZXDHVDY%22%5D%2C%22dateModified%22%3A%222024-10-08T13%3A54%3A07Z%22%7D%7D%2C%7B%22key%22%3A%22587DWPSE%22%2C%22library%22%3A%7B%22id%22%3A1093634%7D%2C%22meta%22%3A%7B%22creatorSummary%22%3A%22Ferrara%20et%20al.%22%2C%22parsedDate%22%3A%222024-01%22%2C%22numChildren%22%3A1%7D%2C%22bib%22%3A%22%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-bib-body%5C%22%20style%3D%5C%22line-height%3A%201.35%3B%20%5C%22%3E%5Cn%20%20%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-entry%5C%22%20style%3D%5C%22clear%3A%20left%3B%20%5C%22%3E%5Cn%20%20%20%20%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-left-margin%5C%22%20style%3D%5C%22float%3A%20left%3B%20padding-right%3A%200.5em%3B%20text-align%3A%20right%3B%20width%3A%201em%3B%5C%22%3E1.%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-right-inline%5C%22%20style%3D%5C%22margin%3A%200%20.4em%200%201.5em%3B%5C%22%3EFerrara%20M%2C%20Bertozzi%20G%2C%20Di%20Fazio%20N%2C%20Aquila%20I%2C%20Di%20Fazio%20A%2C%20Maiese%20A%2C%20et%20al.%20Risk%20Management%20and%20Patient%20Safety%20in%20the%20Artificial%20Intelligence%20Era%3A%20A%20Systematic%20Review.%20Healthcare%20%5BInternet%5D.%202024%20Jan%20%5Bcited%202024%20Oct%208%5D%3B12%285%29%3A549.%20Available%20from%3A%20%3Ca%20class%3D%27zp-ItemURL%27%20href%3D%27https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fwww.mdpi.com%5C%2F2227-9032%5C%2F12%5C%2F5%5C%2F549%27%3Ehttps%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fwww.mdpi.com%5C%2F2227-9032%5C%2F12%5C%2F5%5C%2F549%3C%5C%2Fa%3E%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%5Cn%20%20%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%5Cn%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%22%2C%22data%22%3A%7B%22itemType%22%3A%22journalArticle%22%2C%22title%22%3A%22Risk%20Management%20and%20Patient%20Safety%20in%20the%20Artificial%20Intelligence%20Era%3A%20A%20Systematic%20Review%22%2C%22creators%22%3A%5B%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Michela%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Ferrara%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Giuseppe%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Bertozzi%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Nicola%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Di%20Fazio%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Isabella%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Aquila%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Aldo%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Di%20Fazio%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Aniello%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Maiese%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Gianpietro%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Volonnino%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Paola%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Frati%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Raffaele%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22La%20Russa%22%7D%5D%2C%22abstractNote%22%3A%22Background%3A%20Healthcare%20systems%20represent%20complex%20organizations%20within%20which%20multiple%20factors%20%28physical%20environment%2C%20human%20factor%2C%20technological%20devices%2C%20quality%20of%20care%29%20interconnect%20to%20form%20a%20dense%20network%20whose%20imbalance%20is%20potentially%20able%20to%20compromise%20patient%20safety.%20In%20this%20scenario%2C%20the%20need%20for%20hospitals%20to%20expand%20reactive%20and%20proactive%20clinical%20risk%20management%20programs%20is%20easily%20understood%2C%20and%20artificial%20intelligence%20fits%20well%20in%20this%20context.%20This%20systematic%20review%20aims%20to%20investigate%20the%20state%20of%20the%20art%20regarding%20the%20impact%20of%20AI%20on%20clinical%20risk%20management%20processes.%20To%20simplify%20the%20analysis%20of%20the%20review%20outcomes%20and%20to%20motivate%20future%20standardized%20comparisons%20with%20any%20subsequent%20studies%2C%20the%20findings%20of%20the%20present%20review%20will%20be%20grouped%20according%20to%20the%20possibility%20of%20applying%20AI%20in%20the%20prevention%20of%20the%20different%20incident%20type%20groups%20as%20defined%20by%20the%20ICPS.%20Materials%20and%20Methods%3A%20On%203%20November%202023%2C%20a%20systematic%20review%20of%20the%20literature%20according%20to%20the%20Preferred%20Reporting%20Items%20for%20Systematic%20Reviews%20and%20Meta-Analyses%20%28PRISMA%29%20guidelines%20was%20carried%20out%20using%20the%20SCOPUS%20and%20Medline%20%28via%20PubMed%29%20databases.%20A%20total%20of%20297%20articles%20were%20identified.%20After%20the%20selection%20process%2C%2036%20articles%20were%20included%20in%20the%20present%20systematic%20review.%20Results%20and%20Discussion%3A%20The%20studies%20included%20in%20this%20review%20allowed%20for%20the%20identification%20of%20three%20main%20%5Cu201cincident%20type%5Cu201d%20domains%3A%20clinical%20process%2C%20healthcare-associated%20infection%2C%20and%20medication.%20Another%20relevant%20application%20of%20AI%20in%20clinical%20risk%20management%20concerns%20the%20topic%20of%20incident%20reporting.%20Conclusions%3A%20This%20review%20highlighted%20that%20AI%20can%20be%20applied%20transversely%20in%20various%20clinical%20contexts%20to%20enhance%20patient%20safety%20and%20facilitate%20the%20identification%20of%20errors.%20It%20appears%20to%20be%20a%20promising%20tool%20to%20improve%20clinical%20risk%20management%2C%20although%20its%20use%20requires%20human%20supervision%20and%20cannot%20completely%20replace%20human%20skills.%20To%20facilitate%20the%20analysis%20of%20the%20present%20review%20outcome%20and%20to%20enable%20comparison%20with%20future%20systematic%20reviews%2C%20it%20was%20deemed%20useful%20to%20refer%20to%20a%20pre-existing%20taxonomy%20for%20the%20identification%20of%20adverse%20events.%20However%2C%20the%20results%20of%20the%20present%20study%20highlighted%20the%20usefulness%20of%20AI%20not%20only%20for%20risk%20prevention%20in%20clinical%20practice%2C%20but%20also%20in%20improving%20the%20use%20of%20an%20essential%20risk%20identification%20tool%2C%20which%20is%20incident%20reporting.%20For%20this%20reason%2C%20the%20taxonomy%20of%20the%20areas%20of%20application%20of%20AI%20to%20clinical%20risk%20processes%20should%20include%20an%20additional%20class%20relating%20to%20risk%20identification%20and%20analysis%20tools.%20For%20this%20purpose%2C%20it%20was%20considered%20convenient%20to%20use%20ICPS%20classification.%22%2C%22date%22%3A%222024%5C%2F1%22%2C%22language%22%3A%22en%22%2C%22DOI%22%3A%2210.3390%5C%2Fhealthcare12050549%22%2C%22ISSN%22%3A%222227-9032%22%2C%22url%22%3A%22https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fwww.mdpi.com%5C%2F2227-9032%5C%2F12%5C%2F5%5C%2F549%22%2C%22collections%22%3A%5B%22SZXDHVDY%22%5D%2C%22dateModified%22%3A%222024-10-08T13%3A50%3A07Z%22%7D%7D%2C%7B%22key%22%3A%22X7SXMNLJ%22%2C%22library%22%3A%7B%22id%22%3A1093634%7D%2C%22meta%22%3A%7B%22creatorSummary%22%3A%22Kumar%20et%20al.%22%2C%22parsedDate%22%3A%222023-07-01%22%2C%22numChildren%22%3A1%7D%2C%22bib%22%3A%22%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-bib-body%5C%22%20style%3D%5C%22line-height%3A%201.35%3B%20%5C%22%3E%5Cn%20%20%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-entry%5C%22%20style%3D%5C%22clear%3A%20left%3B%20%5C%22%3E%5Cn%20%20%20%20%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-left-margin%5C%22%20style%3D%5C%22float%3A%20left%3B%20padding-right%3A%200.5em%3B%20text-align%3A%20right%3B%20width%3A%201em%3B%5C%22%3E1.%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-right-inline%5C%22%20style%3D%5C%22margin%3A%200%20.4em%200%201.5em%3B%5C%22%3EKumar%20Y%2C%20Koul%20A%2C%20Singla%20R%2C%20Ijaz%20MF.%20Artificial%20intelligence%20in%20disease%20diagnosis%3A%20a%20systematic%20literature%20review%2C%20synthesizing%20framework%20and%20future%20research%20agenda.%20J%20Ambient%20Intell%20Human%20Comput%20%5BInternet%5D.%202023%20Jul%201%20%5Bcited%202024%20Oct%208%5D%3B14%287%29%3A8459%26%23x2013%3B86.%20Available%20from%3A%20%3Ca%20class%3D%27zp-ItemURL%27%20href%3D%27https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.1007%5C%2Fs12652-021-03612-z%27%3Ehttps%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.1007%5C%2Fs12652-021-03612-z%3C%5C%2Fa%3E%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%5Cn%20%20%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%5Cn%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%22%2C%22data%22%3A%7B%22itemType%22%3A%22journalArticle%22%2C%22title%22%3A%22Artificial%20intelligence%20in%20disease%20diagnosis%3A%20a%20systematic%20literature%20review%2C%20synthesizing%20framework%20and%20future%20research%20agenda%22%2C%22creators%22%3A%5B%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Yogesh%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Kumar%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Apeksha%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Koul%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Ruchi%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Singla%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Muhammad%20Fazal%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Ijaz%22%7D%5D%2C%22abstractNote%22%3A%22Artificial%20intelligence%20can%20assist%20providers%20in%20a%20variety%20of%20patient%20care%20and%20intelligent%20health%20systems.%20Artificial%20intelligence%20techniques%20ranging%20from%20machine%20learning%20to%20deep%20learning%20are%20prevalent%20in%20healthcare%20for%20disease%20diagnosis%2C%20drug%20discovery%2C%20and%20patient%20risk%20identification.%20Numerous%20medical%20data%20sources%20are%20required%20to%20perfectly%20diagnose%20diseases%20using%20artificial%20intelligence%20techniques%2C%20such%20as%20ultrasound%2C%20magnetic%20resonance%20imaging%2C%20mammography%2C%20genomics%2C%20computed%20tomography%20scan%2C%20etc.%20Furthermore%2C%20artificial%20intelligence%20primarily%20enhanced%20the%20infirmary%20experience%20and%20sped%20up%20preparing%20patients%20to%20continue%20their%20rehabilitation%20at%20home.%20This%20article%20covers%20the%20comprehensive%20survey%20based%20on%20artificial%20intelligence%20techniques%20to%20diagnose%20numerous%20diseases%20such%20as%20Alzheimer%2C%20cancer%2C%20diabetes%2C%20chronic%20heart%20disease%2C%20tuberculosis%2C%20stroke%20and%20cerebrovascular%2C%20hypertension%2C%20skin%2C%20and%20liver%20disease.%20We%20conducted%20an%20extensive%20survey%20including%20the%20used%20medical%20imaging%20dataset%20and%20their%20feature%20extraction%20and%20classification%20process%20for%20predictions.%20Preferred%20reporting%20items%20for%20systematic%20reviews%20and%20Meta-Analysis%20guidelines%20are%20used%20to%20select%20the%20articles%20published%20up%20to%20October%202020%20on%20the%20Web%20of%20Science%2C%20Scopus%2C%20Google%20Scholar%2C%20PubMed%2C%20Excerpta%20Medical%20Database%2C%20and%20Psychology%20Information%20for%20early%20prediction%20of%20distinct%20kinds%20of%20diseases%20using%20artificial%20intelligence-based%20techniques.%20Based%20on%20the%20study%20of%20different%20articles%20on%20disease%20diagnosis%2C%20the%20results%20are%20also%20compared%20using%20various%20quality%20parameters%20such%20as%20prediction%20rate%2C%20accuracy%2C%20sensitivity%2C%20specificity%2C%20the%20area%20under%20curve%20precision%2C%20recall%2C%20and%20F1-score.%22%2C%22date%22%3A%222023-07-01%22%2C%22language%22%3A%22en%22%2C%22DOI%22%3A%2210.1007%5C%2Fs12652-021-03612-z%22%2C%22ISSN%22%3A%221868-5145%22%2C%22url%22%3A%22https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.1007%5C%2Fs12652-021-03612-z%22%2C%22collections%22%3A%5B%22SZXDHVDY%22%5D%2C%22dateModified%22%3A%222024-10-08T13%3A44%3A22Z%22%7D%7D%2C%7B%22key%22%3A%22F749SKJW%22%2C%22library%22%3A%7B%22id%22%3A1093634%7D%2C%22meta%22%3A%7B%22creatorSummary%22%3A%22r%5Cu00e9daction%22%2C%22parsedDate%22%3A%222023-10-24%22%2C%22numChildren%22%3A1%7D%2C%22bib%22%3A%22%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-bib-body%5C%22%20style%3D%5C%22line-height%3A%201.35%3B%20%5C%22%3E%5Cn%20%20%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-entry%5C%22%20style%3D%5C%22clear%3A%20left%3B%20%5C%22%3E%5Cn%20%20%20%20%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-left-margin%5C%22%20style%3D%5C%22float%3A%20left%3B%20padding-right%3A%200.5em%3B%20text-align%3A%20right%3B%20width%3A%201em%3B%5C%22%3E1.%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-right-inline%5C%22%20style%3D%5C%22margin%3A%200%20.4em%200%201.5em%3B%5C%22%3Er%26%23xE9%3Bdaction%20L.%20Le%20num%26%23xE9%3Brique%20en%20sant%26%23xE9%3B%20au%20service%20du%20%26%23x201C%3BBien%20Vieillir%26%23x201D%3B%26%23x202F%3B%3A%20enjeux%20et%20perspectives%20%5BInternet%5D.%20Rep%26%23xE8%3Bres%20en%20G%26%23xE9%3Briatrie.%202023%20%5Bcited%202024%20Oct%208%5D.%20Available%20from%3A%20%3Ca%20class%3D%27zp-ItemURL%27%20href%3D%27https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fgeriatries.fr%5C%2Fle-numerique-en-sante-au-service-du-bien-vieillir-enjeux-et-perspectives%5C%2F%27%3Ehttps%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fgeriatries.fr%5C%2Fle-numerique-en-sante-au-service-du-bien-vieillir-enjeux-et-perspectives%5C%2F%3C%5C%2Fa%3E%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%5Cn%20%20%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%5Cn%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%22%2C%22data%22%3A%7B%22itemType%22%3A%22blogPost%22%2C%22title%22%3A%22Le%20num%5Cu00e9rique%20en%20sant%5Cu00e9%20au%20service%20du%20%5Cu201cBien%20Vieillir%5Cu201d%20%3A%20enjeux%20et%20perspectives%22%2C%22creators%22%3A%5B%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22La%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22r%5Cu00e9daction%22%7D%5D%2C%22abstractNote%22%3A%22Interview%20du%20Pr%20Bertrand%20Foug%5Cu00e8re%2C%20professeur%20de%20g%5Cu00e9riatrie%20%5Cu00e0%20la%20facult%5Cu00e9%20de%20m%5Cu00e9decine%20de%20Tours%20et%20responsable%20du%20p%5Cu00f4le%20vieillissement%20du%20CHRU%20de%20Tours%20Rattach%5Cu00e9e%20aux%20minist%5Cu00e8res%20charg%5Cu00e9s%20de%20la%20%5B%5Cu2026%5D%22%2C%22blogTitle%22%3A%22Rep%5Cu00e8res%20en%20G%5Cu00e9riatrie%22%2C%22date%22%3A%222023-10-24T16%3A08%3A07%2B00%3A00%22%2C%22url%22%3A%22https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fgeriatries.fr%5C%2Fle-numerique-en-sante-au-service-du-bien-vieillir-enjeux-et-perspectives%5C%2F%22%2C%22language%22%3A%22fr-FR%22%2C%22collections%22%3A%5B%22SZXDHVDY%22%5D%2C%22dateModified%22%3A%222024-10-08T13%3A15%3A03Z%22%7D%7D%2C%7B%22key%22%3A%223K7B8C73%22%2C%22library%22%3A%7B%22id%22%3A1093634%7D%2C%22meta%22%3A%7B%22numChildren%22%3A0%7D%2C%22bib%22%3A%22%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-bib-body%5C%22%20style%3D%5C%22line-height%3A%201.35%3B%20%5C%22%3E%5Cn%20%20%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-entry%5C%22%20style%3D%5C%22clear%3A%20left%3B%20%5C%22%3E%5Cn%20%20%20%20%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-left-margin%5C%22%20style%3D%5C%22float%3A%20left%3B%20padding-right%3A%200.5em%3B%20text-align%3A%20right%3B%20width%3A%201em%3B%5C%22%3E1.%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-right-inline%5C%22%20style%3D%5C%22margin%3A%200%20.4em%200%201.5em%3B%5C%22%3ECKD%20Early%20Identification%20%26amp%3B%20Intervention%20Toolkit%20%5BInternet%5D.%20International%20Society%20of%20Nephrology.%20%5Bcited%202023%20Nov%2024%5D.%20Available%20from%3A%20%3Ca%20class%3D%27zp-ItemURL%27%20href%3D%27https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fwww.theisn.org%5C%2Finitiatives%5C%2Ftoolkits%5C%2Fckd-early-screening-intervention%5C%2F%27%3Ehttps%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fwww.theisn.org%5C%2Finitiatives%5C%2Ftoolkits%5C%2Fckd-early-screening-intervention%5C%2F%3C%5C%2Fa%3E%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%5Cn%20%20%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%5Cn%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%22%2C%22data%22%3A%7B%22itemType%22%3A%22blogPost%22%2C%22title%22%3A%22CKD%20Early%20Identification%20%26%20Intervention%20Toolkit%22%2C%22creators%22%3A%5B%5D%2C%22abstractNote%22%3A%22%22%2C%22blogTitle%22%3A%22International%20Society%20of%20Nephrology%22%2C%22date%22%3A%22%22%2C%22url%22%3A%22https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fwww.theisn.org%5C%2Finitiatives%5C%2Ftoolkits%5C%2Fckd-early-screening-intervention%5C%2F%22%2C%22language%22%3A%22en-US%22%2C%22collections%22%3A%5B%5D%2C%22dateModified%22%3A%222023-11-24T11%3A47%3A57Z%22%7D%7D%2C%7B%22key%22%3A%228XWPT5KI%22%2C%22library%22%3A%7B%22id%22%3A1093634%7D%2C%22meta%22%3A%7B%22creatorSummary%22%3A%22Glenn%20and%20Goldman%22%2C%22parsedDate%22%3A%221976-01%22%2C%22numChildren%22%3A2%7D%2C%22bib%22%3A%22%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-bib-body%5C%22%20style%3D%5C%22line-height%3A%201.35%3B%20%5C%22%3E%5Cn%20%20%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-entry%5C%22%20style%3D%5C%22clear%3A%20left%3B%20%5C%22%3E%5Cn%20%20%20%20%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-left-margin%5C%22%20style%3D%5C%22float%3A%20left%3B%20padding-right%3A%200.5em%3B%20text-align%3A%20right%3B%20width%3A%201em%3B%5C%22%3E1.%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-right-inline%5C%22%20style%3D%5C%22margin%3A%200%20.4em%200%201.5em%3B%5C%22%3EGlenn%20JK%2C%20Goldman%20J.%20Task%20delegation%20to%20physician%20extenders--some%20comparisons.%20Am%20J%20Public%20Health.%201976%20Jan%3B66%281%29%3A64%26%23x2013%3B6.%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%5Cn%20%20%20%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%5Cn%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%22%2C%22data%22%3A%7B%22itemType%22%3A%22journalArticle%22%2C%22title%22%3A%22Task%20delegation%20to%20physician%20extenders--some%20comparisons%22%2C%22creators%22%3A%5B%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22J.%20K.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Glenn%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22J.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Goldman%22%7D%5D%2C%22abstractNote%22%3A%22This%20study%20uses%20a%20task%20delegation%20questionnaire%20to%20compare%201973%20physician%20extender%20practices%20in%20seven%20primary%20care-oriented%20sites%20with%20a%20physician%20attitude%20survey%20made%20in%201969.%20One%20additional%20site%20using%20no%20physician%20extenders%20was%20included%20as%20a%20control.%20The%20study%20involves%20both%20major%20types%20of%20physician%20extenders%20%28physician%20assistants%20and%20nurse%20practitioners%29%20in%20ambulatory%20practices%20with%20at%20least%20one%20year%20of%20experience%20in%20using%20such%20personnel.%20With%20minor%20exceptions%2C%20actual%20task%20delegation%20patterns%20conform%20with%20the%201969%20attitudes%20of%20physicians%20as%20to%20which%20tasks%20%5C%22could%20and%20should%5C%22%20be%20delegated%20to%20physician%20extenders.%22%2C%22date%22%3A%221976-01%22%2C%22language%22%3A%22eng%22%2C%22DOI%22%3A%2210.2105%5C%2Fajph.66.1.64%22%2C%22ISSN%22%3A%220090-0036%22%2C%22url%22%3A%22%22%2C%22collections%22%3A%5B%5D%2C%22dateModified%22%3A%222023-11-24T11%3A44%3A11Z%22%7D%7D%2C%7B%22key%22%3A%22P2NRTKXM%22%2C%22library%22%3A%7B%22id%22%3A1093634%7D%2C%22meta%22%3A%7B%22creatorSummary%22%3A%22Heerspink%20et%20al.%22%2C%22parsedDate%22%3A%222020-10-08%22%2C%22numChildren%22%3A1%7D%2C%22bib%22%3A%22%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-bib-body%5C%22%20style%3D%5C%22line-height%3A%201.35%3B%20%5C%22%3E%5Cn%20%20%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-entry%5C%22%20style%3D%5C%22clear%3A%20left%3B%20%5C%22%3E%5Cn%20%20%20%20%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-left-margin%5C%22%20style%3D%5C%22float%3A%20left%3B%20padding-right%3A%200.5em%3B%20text-align%3A%20right%3B%20width%3A%201em%3B%5C%22%3E1.%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-right-inline%5C%22%20style%3D%5C%22margin%3A%200%20.4em%200%201.5em%3B%5C%22%3EHeerspink%20HJL%2C%20Stef%26%23xE1%3Bnsson%20BV%2C%20Correa-Rotter%20R%2C%20Chertow%20GM%2C%20Greene%20T%2C%20Hou%20FF%2C%20et%20al.%20Dapagliflozin%20in%20Patients%20with%20Chronic%20Kidney%20Disease.%20N%20Engl%20J%20Med%20%5BInternet%5D.%202020%20Oct%208%20%5Bcited%202023%20Nov%2021%5D%3B383%2815%29%3A1436%26%23x2013%3B46.%20Available%20from%3A%20%3Ca%20class%3D%27zp-ItemURL%27%20href%3D%27https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.1056%5C%2FNEJMoa2024816%27%3Ehttps%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.1056%5C%2FNEJMoa2024816%3C%5C%2Fa%3E%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%5Cn%20%20%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%5Cn%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%22%2C%22data%22%3A%7B%22itemType%22%3A%22journalArticle%22%2C%22title%22%3A%22Dapagliflozin%20in%20Patients%20with%20Chronic%20Kidney%20Disease%22%2C%22creators%22%3A%5B%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Hiddo%20J.L.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Heerspink%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Bergur%20V.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Stef%5Cu00e1nsson%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Ricardo%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Correa-Rotter%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Glenn%20M.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Chertow%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Tom%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Greene%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Fan-Fan%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Hou%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Johannes%20F.E.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Mann%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22John%20J.V.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22McMurray%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Magnus%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Lindberg%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Peter%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Rossing%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22C.%20David%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Sj%5Cu00f6str%5Cu00f6m%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Roberto%20D.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Toto%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Anna-Maria%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Langkilde%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22David%20C.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Wheeler%22%7D%5D%2C%22abstractNote%22%3A%22%22%2C%22date%22%3A%222020-10-08%22%2C%22language%22%3A%22%22%2C%22DOI%22%3A%2210.1056%5C%2FNEJMoa2024816%22%2C%22ISSN%22%3A%220028-4793%22%2C%22url%22%3A%22https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.1056%5C%2FNEJMoa2024816%22%2C%22collections%22%3A%5B%5D%2C%22dateModified%22%3A%222023-11-21T16%3A29%3A51Z%22%7D%7D%2C%7B%22key%22%3A%22SMTEBTRT%22%2C%22library%22%3A%7B%22id%22%3A1093634%7D%2C%22meta%22%3A%7B%22creatorSummary%22%3A%22Heerspink%20et%20al.%22%2C%22parsedDate%22%3A%222020-10-08%22%2C%22numChildren%22%3A1%7D%2C%22bib%22%3A%22%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-bib-body%5C%22%20style%3D%5C%22line-height%3A%201.35%3B%20%5C%22%3E%5Cn%20%20%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-entry%5C%22%20style%3D%5C%22clear%3A%20left%3B%20%5C%22%3E%5Cn%20%20%20%20%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-left-margin%5C%22%20style%3D%5C%22float%3A%20left%3B%20padding-right%3A%200.5em%3B%20text-align%3A%20right%3B%20width%3A%201em%3B%5C%22%3E1.%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-right-inline%5C%22%20style%3D%5C%22margin%3A%200%20.4em%200%201.5em%3B%5C%22%3EHeerspink%20HJL%2C%20Stef%26%23xE1%3Bnsson%20BV%2C%20Correa-Rotter%20R%2C%20Chertow%20GM%2C%20Greene%20T%2C%20Hou%20FF%2C%20et%20al.%20Dapagliflozin%20in%20Patients%20with%20Chronic%20Kidney%20Disease.%20N%20Engl%20J%20Med%20%5BInternet%5D.%202020%20Oct%208%20%5Bcited%202023%20Nov%2021%5D%3B383%2815%29%3A1436%26%23x2013%3B46.%20Available%20from%3A%20%3Ca%20class%3D%27zp-ItemURL%27%20href%3D%27https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.1056%5C%2FNEJMoa2024816%27%3Ehttps%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.1056%5C%2FNEJMoa2024816%3C%5C%2Fa%3E%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%5Cn%20%20%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%5Cn%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%22%2C%22data%22%3A%7B%22itemType%22%3A%22journalArticle%22%2C%22title%22%3A%22Dapagliflozin%20in%20Patients%20with%20Chronic%20Kidney%20Disease%22%2C%22creators%22%3A%5B%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Hiddo%20J.L.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Heerspink%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Bergur%20V.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Stef%5Cu00e1nsson%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Ricardo%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Correa-Rotter%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Glenn%20M.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Chertow%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Tom%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Greene%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Fan-Fan%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Hou%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Johannes%20F.E.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Mann%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22John%20J.V.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22McMurray%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Magnus%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Lindberg%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Peter%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Rossing%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22C.%20David%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Sj%5Cu00f6str%5Cu00f6m%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Roberto%20D.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Toto%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Anna-Maria%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Langkilde%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22David%20C.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Wheeler%22%7D%5D%2C%22abstractNote%22%3A%22%22%2C%22date%22%3A%222020-10-08%22%2C%22language%22%3A%22%22%2C%22DOI%22%3A%2210.1056%5C%2FNEJMoa2024816%22%2C%22ISSN%22%3A%220028-4793%22%2C%22url%22%3A%22https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.1056%5C%2FNEJMoa2024816%22%2C%22collections%22%3A%5B%5D%2C%22dateModified%22%3A%222023-11-21T16%3A29%3A51Z%22%7D%7D%2C%7B%22key%22%3A%22WABEBTGW%22%2C%22library%22%3A%7B%22id%22%3A1093634%7D%2C%22meta%22%3A%7B%22creatorSummary%22%3A%22Namli%20Altintas%20and%20Kozaner%20Yenig%5Cu00fcl%22%2C%22parsedDate%22%3A%222020-03-01%22%2C%22numChildren%22%3A0%7D%2C%22bib%22%3A%22%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-bib-body%5C%22%20style%3D%5C%22line-height%3A%201.35%3B%20%5C%22%3E%5Cn%20%20%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-entry%5C%22%20style%3D%5C%22clear%3A%20left%3B%20%5C%22%3E%5Cn%20%20%20%20%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-left-margin%5C%22%20style%3D%5C%22float%3A%20left%3B%20padding-right%3A%200.5em%3B%20text-align%3A%20right%3B%20width%3A%201em%3B%5C%22%3E1.%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-right-inline%5C%22%20style%3D%5C%22margin%3A%200%20.4em%200%201.5em%3B%5C%22%3ENamli%20Altintas%20%26%23x130%3B%2C%20Kozaner%20Yenig%26%23xFC%3Bl%20%26%23xC7%3B.%20Active%20learning%20education%20in%20Museum.%20IJERE%20%5BInternet%5D.%202020%20Mar%201%20%5Bcited%202021%20Jan%205%5D%3B9%281%29%3A120.%20Available%20from%3A%20%3Ca%20class%3D%27zp-ItemURL%27%20href%3D%27http%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fijere.iaescore.com%5C%2Findex.php%5C%2FIJERE%5C%2Farticle%5C%2Fview%5C%2F20380%27%3Ehttp%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fijere.iaescore.com%5C%2Findex.php%5C%2FIJERE%5C%2Farticle%5C%2Fview%5C%2F20380%3C%5C%2Fa%3E%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%5Cn%20%20%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%5Cn%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%22%2C%22data%22%3A%7B%22itemType%22%3A%22journalArticle%22%2C%22title%22%3A%22Active%20learning%20education%20in%20Museum%22%2C%22creators%22%3A%5B%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22%5Cu0130rem%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Namli%20Altintas%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22%5Cu00c7i%5Cu011fdem%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Kozaner%20Yenig%5Cu00fcl%22%7D%5D%2C%22abstractNote%22%3A%22In%20this%20study%2C%20it%20was%20aimed%20to%20determine%20social%20studies%20candidates%20how%20to%20practice%20about%20make%20of%20use%20museums%20as%20a%20learning%20environment.%20It%20was%20tried%20to%20discuss%20a%20case%2C%20for%20this%20purpose%20%5Cu0131t%20was%20used%20case%20study.%20The%20study%20group%20consisted%20of%2019%20students%20%2812%20females%2C%207%20males%29%20studying%20social%20studies%20at%20a%20public%20university.%20Participants%20were%20given%20museum%20training%20lasting%207%20weeks%20and%20the%20process%20started%20with%20the%20visit%20of%20the%20Antalya%20Archeology%20Museum.%20In%20this%20study%2C%20Museum%20Evaluation%20Forms%20were%20used%20as%20data%20collection%20tools.%20These%20forms%20were%20used%20at%20two-stage.%20The%20first%20stage%20was%20the%20Pre-Museum%20Evaluation%20Form%20and%20the%20second%20stage%20was%20the%20Activity%20Evaluation%20Forms.%20Content%20analysis%20technique%20was%20used%20in%20data%20analysis%2C%20and%20the%20forms%20were%20examined%20separately%20and%20themes%20and%20categories%20were%20created.%20In%20the%20categories%2C%20the%20statements%20of%20some%20of%20the%20participants%20were%20given%20with%20direct%20quotations.%20As%20a%20result%20of%20the%20research%2C%20the%20expectations%20of%20the%20students%20before%20the%20museum%20training%20are%20divided%20into%20the%20categories%20of%20Learning%20about%20the%20use%20of%20the%20Museum%2C%20Historical%20awareness%20and%20Embodiment%20in%20the%20theme%20of%20Cognitive%20Field.%20In%20the%20affective%20main%20theme%2C%20it%20was%20determined%20that%20it%20was%20divided%20into%20the%20categories%20of%20Group%20Work%2C%20Contribution%20to%20Professional%20Knowledge%20and%20Being%20an%20Effective%20Citizen.%20In%20the%20Cognitive%20Field%20theme%2C%20the%20students%27%20experiences%20after%20museum%20training%20are%20divided%20into%20the%20categories%20of%20Field%20Knowledge%2C%20Museum%20Use%20Learning%20and%20Creativity.%20In%20the%20affective%20Thinking%2C%20Contribution%20to%20Professional%20Knowledge%2C%20Permanent%20Learning%2C%20and%20Role-Playing%20are%20the%20categories%20of%20the%20affective%20categories.%20Participants%20stated%20that%20to%20make%20use%20of%20museum%20to%20effect%20on%20the%20cognitive%20area%20more%20effective%20than%20affective%20area.%22%2C%22date%22%3A%222020-03-01%22%2C%22language%22%3A%22en%22%2C%22DOI%22%3A%2210.11591%5C%2Fijere.v9i1.20380%22%2C%22ISSN%22%3A%222620-5440%2C%202252-8822%22%2C%22url%22%3A%22http%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fijere.iaescore.com%5C%2Findex.php%5C%2FIJERE%5C%2Farticle%5C%2Fview%5C%2F20380%22%2C%22collections%22%3A%5B%22L242WUL9%22%5D%2C%22dateModified%22%3A%222021-01-11T12%3A12%3A45Z%22%7D%7D%2C%7B%22key%22%3A%22A9N5IKEH%22%2C%22library%22%3A%7B%22id%22%3A1093634%7D%2C%22meta%22%3A%7B%22creatorSummary%22%3A%22Frapp%5Cu00e9%20et%20al.%22%2C%22parsedDate%22%3A%222018%22%2C%22numChildren%22%3A0%7D%2C%22bib%22%3A%22%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-bib-body%5C%22%20style%3D%5C%22line-height%3A%201.35%3B%20%5C%22%3E%5Cn%20%20%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-entry%5C%22%20style%3D%5C%22clear%3A%20left%3B%20%5C%22%3E%5Cn%20%20%20%20%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-left-margin%5C%22%20style%3D%5C%22float%3A%20left%3B%20padding-right%3A%200.5em%3B%20text-align%3A%20right%3B%20width%3A%201em%3B%5C%22%3E1.%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-right-inline%5C%22%20style%3D%5C%22margin%3A%200%20.4em%200%201.5em%3B%5C%22%3EFrapp%26%23xE9%3B%20P%2C%20Druais%20PL%2C%20Petersen%20W%2C%20Association%20fran%26%23xE7%3Baise%20des%20jeunes%20chercheurs%20en%20m%26%23xE9%3Bdecine%20g%26%23xE9%3Bn%26%23xE9%3Brale%20%28Lyon%29.%20Initiation%20%26%23xE0%3B%20la%20recherche.%202018.%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%5Cn%20%20%20%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%5Cn%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%22%2C%22data%22%3A%7B%22itemType%22%3A%22book%22%2C%22title%22%3A%22Initiation%20%5Cu00e0%20la%20recherche%22%2C%22creators%22%3A%5B%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Paul%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Frapp%5Cu00e9%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Pierre-Louis%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Druais%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Wiebke%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Petersen%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22name%22%3A%22Association%20fran%5Cu00e7aise%20des%20jeunes%20chercheurs%20en%20m%5Cu00e9decine%20g%5Cu00e9n%5Cu00e9rale%20%28Lyon%29%22%7D%5D%2C%22abstractNote%22%3A%22%22%2C%22date%22%3A%222018%22%2C%22language%22%3A%22French%22%2C%22ISBN%22%3A%22978-2-919616-27-5%22%2C%22url%22%3A%22%22%2C%22collections%22%3A%5B%22GZG4LDJ6%22%5D%2C%22dateModified%22%3A%222021-01-11T12%3A12%3A44Z%22%7D%7D%2C%7B%22key%22%3A%2228YWSYAQ%22%2C%22library%22%3A%7B%22id%22%3A1093634%7D%2C%22meta%22%3A%7B%22creatorSummary%22%3A%22Becker%22%2C%22parsedDate%22%3A%222017%22%2C%22numChildren%22%3A2%7D%2C%22bib%22%3A%22%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-bib-body%5C%22%20style%3D%5C%22line-height%3A%201.35%3B%20%5C%22%3E%5Cn%20%20%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-entry%5C%22%20style%3D%5C%22clear%3A%20left%3B%20%5C%22%3E%5Cn%20%20%20%20%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-left-margin%5C%22%20style%3D%5C%22float%3A%20left%3B%20padding-right%3A%200.5em%3B%20text-align%3A%20right%3B%20width%3A%201em%3B%5C%22%3E1.%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-right-inline%5C%22%20style%3D%5C%22margin%3A%200%20.4em%200%201.5em%3B%5C%22%3EBecker%20J.%20Active%20Allyship.%20Public%20Services%20Quarterly.%202017%200%3B13%281%29%3A27%26%23x2013%3B31.%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%5Cn%20%20%20%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%5Cn%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%22%2C%22data%22%3A%7B%22itemType%22%3A%22journalArticle%22%2C%22title%22%3A%22Active%20Allyship%22%2C%22creators%22%3A%5B%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Jenifer%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Becker%22%7D%5D%2C%22abstractNote%22%3A%22The%20%5C%22Best%20of%20the%20Literature%5C%22%20column%20is%20intended%20to%20keep%20librarians%2C%20administrators%2C%20and%20staff%20up%20to%20date%20with%20the%20most%20recent%2C%20relevant%2C%20and%20useful%20literature%20of%20the%20field.%20In%20the%20last%20few%20years%2C%20students%20of%20color%20across%20the%20nation%20have%20spoken%20out%20about%20their%20experiences%20of%20racism%20and%20racial%20microaggressions%20on%20their%20campuses.%20They%20have%20called%20on%20staff%2C%20faculty%2C%20and%20administration%20to%20change%20the%20campus%20climate.%20In%20this%20call%20for%20action%2C%20some%20departments%2C%20including%20the%20academic%20library%2C%20have%20often%20been%20too%20slow%20to%20present%20themselves%20as%20an%20active%20ally%20to%20students.%20This%20%5C%22Best%20of%20the%20Literature%5C%22%20column%20looks%20to%20six%20articles%20and%20a%20library%20research%20guide%20as%20examples%20for%20providing%20safety%20and%20inclusion%20for%20student%20of%20color.%22%2C%22date%22%3A%222017%5C%2F00%5C%2F00%22%2C%22language%22%3A%22en%22%2C%22DOI%22%3A%2210.1080%5C%2F15228959.2016.1261638%22%2C%22ISSN%22%3A%221522-8959%22%2C%22url%22%3A%22%22%2C%22collections%22%3A%5B%22L242WUL9%22%5D%2C%22dateModified%22%3A%222021-01-11T12%3A12%3A44Z%22%7D%7D%2C%7B%22key%22%3A%229RIP9467%22%2C%22library%22%3A%7B%22id%22%3A1093634%7D%2C%22meta%22%3A%7B%22creatorSummary%22%3A%22Bucher%20et%20al.%22%2C%22parsedDate%22%3A%222017%22%2C%22numChildren%22%3A2%7D%2C%22bib%22%3A%22%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-bib-body%5C%22%20style%3D%5C%22line-height%3A%201.35%3B%20%5C%22%3E%5Cn%20%20%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-entry%5C%22%20style%3D%5C%22clear%3A%20left%3B%20%5C%22%3E%5Cn%20%20%20%20%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-left-margin%5C%22%20style%3D%5C%22float%3A%20left%3B%20padding-right%3A%200.5em%3B%20text-align%3A%20right%3B%20width%3A%201em%3B%5C%22%3E1.%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-right-inline%5C%22%20style%3D%5C%22margin%3A%200%20.4em%200%201.5em%3B%5C%22%3EBucher%20S%2C%20Maury%20A%2C%20Rosso%20J%2C%20de%20Chanaud%20N%2C%20Bloy%20G%2C%20Pendola-Luchel%20I%2C%20et%20al.%20Time%20and%20feasibility%20of%20prevention%20in%20primary%20care.%20Fam%20Pract.%202017%3B34%281%29%3A49%26%23x2013%3B56.%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%5Cn%20%20%20%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%5Cn%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%22%2C%22data%22%3A%7B%22itemType%22%3A%22journalArticle%22%2C%22title%22%3A%22Time%20and%20feasibility%20of%20prevention%20in%20primary%20care%22%2C%22creators%22%3A%5B%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Sophie%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Bucher%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Arnaud%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Maury%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Julie%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Rosso%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Nicolas%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22de%20Chanaud%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22G%5Cu00e9raldine%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Bloy%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Isabelle%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Pendola-Luchel%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Rapha%5Cu00eblle%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Delpech%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Sylvain%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Paquet%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Hector%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Falcoff%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Virginie%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Ringa%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Laurent%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Rigal%22%7D%5D%2C%22abstractNote%22%3A%22BACKGROUND%3A%20Prevention%20is%20an%20essential%20task%20in%20primary%20care.%20According%20to%20primary%20care%20physicians%20%28PCPs%29%2Clack%20of%20time%20is%20one%20of%20the%20principal%20obstacles%20to%20its%20performance.%5CnOBJECTIVE%3A%20To%20assess%20the%20feasibility%20of%20prevention%20in%20terms%20of%20time%20by%20estimating%20the%20time%20necessary%20to%20perform%20all%20of%20the%20preventive%20care%20recommended%2C%20separately%20from%20the%20PCPs%20and%20patient%27s%20perspectives%2C%20and%20to%20compare%20them%20to%20the%20amount%20of%20time%20available.%5CnMETHODS%3A%20A%20review%20of%20the%20literature%20identified%20the%20prevention%20procedures%20recommended%20in%20France%2C%20the%20duration%20of%20each%20procedure%20and%20its%20recommended%20frequency%2C%20as%20well%20as%20PCPs%27%20consultation%20time.%20A%20hypothetical%20patient%20panel%20size%20of%201000%20patients%2C%20representative%20of%20the%20French%20population%2C%20served%20as%20the%20basis%20for%20our%20calculations%20of%20the%20annual%20time%20necessary%20for%20prevention%20for%20a%20PCP.%20The%20prevention%20time%20from%20the%20patient%27s%20perspective%20was%20estimated%20from%20data%20collected%20from%20a%20previous%20study%20of%20a%20panel%20of%203556%20patients.%5CnRESULTS%3A%20For%20PCPs%2C%20the%20annual%20time%20necessary%20for%20all%20of%20the%20required%20preventive%20care%20was%20250%20hours%2C%20or%2020%25%20of%20their%20total%20patient%20time.%20For%20a%20patient%2C%20the%20annual%20time%20required%20for%20prevention%20during%20encounters%20with%20a%20PCP%20ranged%20from%209.7%20to%2026.4%20minutes%20per%20year.%20The%20mean%20total%20encounter%20time%20was%2075.9%20minutes%20per%20year.%20Nearly%2073%25%20of%20patients%20had%20a%20prevention-to-care%20time%20ratio%20exceeding%2015%25.%5CnCONCLUSION%3A%20Feasibility%20thus%20differs%20substantially%20between%20patients.%20These%20differences%20correspond%20especially%20to%20disparities%20in%20the%20annual%20care%20time%20used%20by%20each%20patient.%20Specific%20solutions%20should%20be%20developed%20according%20to%20the%20patients%27%20utilization%20of%20care.%22%2C%22date%22%3A%2202%202017%22%2C%22language%22%3A%22eng%22%2C%22DOI%22%3A%2210.1093%5C%2Ffampra%5C%2Fcmw108%22%2C%22ISSN%22%3A%221460-2229%22%2C%22url%22%3A%22%22%2C%22collections%22%3A%5B%22GYVZ2K3D%22%5D%2C%22dateModified%22%3A%222021-01-11T12%3A12%3A43Z%22%7D%7D%2C%7B%22key%22%3A%22SY3K29ZQ%22%2C%22library%22%3A%7B%22id%22%3A1093634%7D%2C%22meta%22%3A%7B%22creatorSummary%22%3A%22Le%20Lous%20et%20al.%22%2C%22parsedDate%22%3A%222017%22%2C%22numChildren%22%3A2%7D%2C%22bib%22%3A%22%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-bib-body%5C%22%20style%3D%5C%22line-height%3A%201.35%3B%20%5C%22%3E%5Cn%20%20%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-entry%5C%22%20style%3D%5C%22clear%3A%20left%3B%20%5C%22%3E%5Cn%20%20%20%20%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-left-margin%5C%22%20style%3D%5C%22float%3A%20left%3B%20padding-right%3A%200.5em%3B%20text-align%3A%20right%3B%20width%3A%201em%3B%5C%22%3E1.%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-right-inline%5C%22%20style%3D%5C%22margin%3A%200%20.4em%200%201.5em%3B%5C%22%3ELe%20Lous%20M%2C%20De%20Chanaud%20N%2C%20Bourret%20A%2C%20Senat%20MV%2C%20Colmant%20C%2C%20Jaury%20P%2C%20et%20al.%20Improving%20the%20quality%20of%20transvaginal%20ultrasound%20scan%20by%20simulation%20training%20for%20general%20practice%20residents.%20Adv%20Simul%20%28Lond%29.%202017%3B2%3A24.%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%5Cn%20%20%20%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%5Cn%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%22%2C%22data%22%3A%7B%22itemType%22%3A%22journalArticle%22%2C%22title%22%3A%22Improving%20the%20quality%20of%20transvaginal%20ultrasound%20scan%20by%20simulation%20training%20for%20general%20practice%20residents%22%2C%22creators%22%3A%5B%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22M.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Le%20Lous%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22N.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22De%20Chanaud%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22A.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Bourret%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22M.%20V.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Senat%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22C.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Colmant%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22P.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Jaury%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22A.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Tesni%5Cu00e8re%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22V.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Tsatsaris%22%7D%5D%2C%22abstractNote%22%3A%22Background%3A%20Ultrasonography%20%28US%29%20is%20an%20essential%20tool%20for%20the%20diagnosis%20of%20acute%20gynecological%20conditions.%20General%20practice%20%28GP%29%20residents%20are%20involved%20in%20the%20first-line%20management%20of%20gynecologic%20emergencies.%20They%20are%20not%20familiar%20with%20US%20equipment.%20Initial%20training%20on%20simulators%20was%20conducted.The%20aim%20of%20this%20study%20was%20to%20evaluate%20the%20impact%20of%20simulation-based%20training%20on%20the%20quality%20of%20the%20sonographic%20images%20achieved%20by%20GP%20residents%202%5Cu00a0months%20after%20the%20simulation%20training%20versus%20clinical%20training%20alone.%5CnMethods%3A%20Young%20GP%20residents%20assigned%20to%20emergency%20gynecology%20departments%20were%20invited%20to%20a%20one-day%20simulation-based%20US%20training%20session.%20A%20prospective%20controlled%20trial%20aiming%20to%20assess%20the%20impact%20of%20such%20training%20on%20TVS%20%28transvaginal%20ultrasound%20scan%29%20image%20quality%20was%20conducted.%20The%20first%20group%20included%20GP%20residents%20who%20attended%20the%20simulation%20training%20course.%20The%20second%20group%20included%20GP%20residents%20who%20did%20not%20attend%20the%20course.%20Written%20consent%20to%20participate%20was%20obtained%20from%20all%20participants.%20Images%20achieved%202%5Cu00a0months%20after%20the%20training%20were%20scored%20using%20standardized%20quality%20criteria%20and%20compared%20in%20both%20groups.%20The%20stress%20generated%20by%20this%20examination%20was%20also%20assessed%20with%20a%20simple%20numeric%20scale.%5CnResults%3A%20A%20total%20of%20137%20residents%20attended%20the%20simulation%20training%2C%2026%20consented%20to%20participate%20in%20the%20controlled%20trial.%20Sonographic%20image%20quality%20was%20significantly%20better%20in%20the%20simulation%20group%20for%20the%20sagittal%20view%20of%20the%20uterus%20%283.6%20vs%202.7%2C%20p%5Cu2009%3D%5Cu20090.01%29%2C%20for%20the%20longitudinal%20view%20of%20the%20right%20ovary%20%282.8%20vs%201.4%2C%20p%5Cu2009%3D%5Cu20090.027%29%2C%20and%20for%20the%20Morrison%20space%20%281.7%20vs%200.4%2C%20p%5Cu2009%3D%5Cu20090.034%29%2C%20but%20the%20difference%20was%20not%20significant%20for%20the%20left%20ovary%20%282.9%20vs%201.7%2C%20p%5Cu2009%3D%5Cu20090.189%29.%20The%20stress%20generated%20by%20TVS%20after%202%5Cu00a0months%20was%20not%20different%20between%20the%20groups%20%286.0%20vs%204.8%2C%20p%5Cu2009%3D%5Cu20090.4%29.%5CnConclusion%3A%20Simulation-based%20training%20improved%20the%20quality%20of%20pelvic%20US%20images%20in%20GP%20residents%20assessed%20after%202%5Cu00a0months%20of%20experience%20in%20gynecology%20compared%20to%20clinical%20training%20alone.%22%2C%22date%22%3A%222017%22%2C%22language%22%3A%22eng%22%2C%22DOI%22%3A%2210.1186%5C%2Fs41077-017-0056-z%22%2C%22ISSN%22%3A%222059-0628%22%2C%22url%22%3A%22%22%2C%22collections%22%3A%5B%22GYVZ2K3D%22%5D%2C%22dateModified%22%3A%222021-01-11T12%3A12%3A42Z%22%7D%7D%2C%7B%22key%22%3A%225LQ3YJKX%22%2C%22library%22%3A%7B%22id%22%3A1093634%7D%2C%22meta%22%3A%7B%22creatorSummary%22%3A%22Le%20Lous%20et%20al.%22%2C%22parsedDate%22%3A%222017-11-21%22%2C%22numChildren%22%3A3%7D%2C%22bib%22%3A%22%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-bib-body%5C%22%20style%3D%5C%22line-height%3A%201.35%3B%20%5C%22%3E%5Cn%20%20%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-entry%5C%22%20style%3D%5C%22clear%3A%20left%3B%20%5C%22%3E%5Cn%20%20%20%20%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-left-margin%5C%22%20style%3D%5C%22float%3A%20left%3B%20padding-right%3A%200.5em%3B%20text-align%3A%20right%3B%20width%3A%201em%3B%5C%22%3E1.%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-right-inline%5C%22%20style%3D%5C%22margin%3A%200%20.4em%200%201.5em%3B%5C%22%3ELe%20Lous%20M%2C%20De%20Chanaud%20N%2C%20Bourret%20A%2C%20Senat%20MV%2C%20Colmant%20C%2C%20Jaury%20P%2C%20et%20al.%20Improving%20the%20quality%20of%20transvaginal%20ultrasound%20scan%20by%20simulation%20training%20for%20general%20practice%20residents.%20Advances%20in%20Simulation%20%5BInternet%5D.%202017%20Nov%2021%20%5Bcited%202018%20Mar%2010%5D%3B2%3A24.%20Available%20from%3A%20%3Ca%20class%3D%27zp-ItemURL%27%20href%3D%27https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.1186%5C%2Fs41077-017-0056-z%27%3Ehttps%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.1186%5C%2Fs41077-017-0056-z%3C%5C%2Fa%3E%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%5Cn%20%20%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%5Cn%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%22%2C%22data%22%3A%7B%22itemType%22%3A%22journalArticle%22%2C%22title%22%3A%22Improving%20the%20quality%20of%20transvaginal%20ultrasound%20scan%20by%20simulation%20training%20for%20general%20practice%20residents%22%2C%22creators%22%3A%5B%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22M.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Le%20Lous%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22N.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22De%20Chanaud%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22A.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Bourret%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22M.%20V.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Senat%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22C.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Colmant%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22P.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Jaury%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22A.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Tesni%5Cu00e8re%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22V.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Tsatsaris%22%7D%5D%2C%22abstractNote%22%3A%22Ultrasonography%20%28US%29%20is%20an%20essential%20tool%20for%20the%20diagnosis%20of%20acute%20gynecological%20conditions.%20General%20practice%20%28GP%29%20residents%20are%20involved%20in%20the%20first-line%20management%20of%20gynecologic%20emergencies.%20They%20are%20not%20familiar%20with%20US%20equipment.%20Initial%20training%20on%20simulators%20was%20conducted.%22%2C%22date%22%3A%22November%2021%2C%202017%22%2C%22language%22%3A%22%22%2C%22DOI%22%3A%2210.1186%5C%2Fs41077-017-0056-z%22%2C%22ISSN%22%3A%222059-0628%22%2C%22url%22%3A%22https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.1186%5C%2Fs41077-017-0056-z%22%2C%22collections%22%3A%5B%5D%2C%22dateModified%22%3A%222021-01-11T12%3A12%3A41Z%22%7D%7D%2C%7B%22key%22%3A%22YE42HE8P%22%2C%22library%22%3A%7B%22id%22%3A1093634%7D%2C%22meta%22%3A%7B%22creatorSummary%22%3A%22de%20Chanaud%20et%20al.%22%2C%22parsedDate%22%3A%222012-10%22%2C%22numChildren%22%3A1%7D%2C%22bib%22%3A%22%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-bib-body%5C%22%20style%3D%5C%22line-height%3A%201.35%3B%20%5C%22%3E%5Cn%20%20%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-entry%5C%22%20style%3D%5C%22clear%3A%20left%3B%20%5C%22%3E%5Cn%20%20%20%20%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-left-margin%5C%22%20style%3D%5C%22float%3A%20left%3B%20padding-right%3A%200.5em%3B%20text-align%3A%20right%3B%20width%3A%201em%3B%5C%22%3E1.%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-right-inline%5C%22%20style%3D%5C%22margin%3A%200%20.4em%200%201.5em%3B%5C%22%3Ede%20Chanaud%20N%2C%20Boukari%20L%2C%20G%26%23xE9%3Brin%20M%2C%20Mekinian%20A%2C%20Fain%20O.%20%5BTyphoid%20fever.%20Sore%20throat%2C%20macrophage%20activation%20syndrome%20and%20glomerulonephritis%5D.%20Rev%20Prat.%202012%20Oct%3B62%288%29%3A1056.%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%5Cn%20%20%20%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%5Cn%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%22%2C%22data%22%3A%7B%22itemType%22%3A%22journalArticle%22%2C%22title%22%3A%22%5BTyphoid%20fever.%20Sore%20throat%2C%20macrophage%20activation%20syndrome%20and%20glomerulonephritis%5D%22%2C%22creators%22%3A%5B%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Nicolas%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22de%20Chanaud%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Latifatou%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Boukari%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Magdalena%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22G%5Cu00e9rin%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Ars%5Cu00e8ne%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Mekinian%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Olivier%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Fain%22%7D%5D%2C%22abstractNote%22%3A%22%22%2C%22date%22%3A%22Oct%202012%22%2C%22language%22%3A%22fre%22%2C%22DOI%22%3A%22%22%2C%22ISSN%22%3A%220035-2640%22%2C%22url%22%3A%22%22%2C%22collections%22%3A%5B%5D%2C%22dateModified%22%3A%222021-01-11T12%3A12%3A40Z%22%7D%7D%2C%7B%22key%22%3A%22CMKDQP5V%22%2C%22library%22%3A%7B%22id%22%3A1093634%7D%2C%22meta%22%3A%7B%22creatorSummary%22%3A%22de%20Chanaud%20and%20Sidrokiewitcz%22%2C%22parsedDate%22%3A%222017%22%2C%22numChildren%22%3A0%7D%2C%22bib%22%3A%22%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-bib-body%5C%22%20style%3D%5C%22line-height%3A%201.35%3B%20%5C%22%3E%5Cn%20%20%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-entry%5C%22%20style%3D%5C%22clear%3A%20left%3B%20%5C%22%3E%5Cn%20%20%20%20%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-left-margin%5C%22%20style%3D%5C%22float%3A%20left%3B%20padding-right%3A%200.5em%3B%20text-align%3A%20right%3B%20width%3A%201em%3B%5C%22%3E1.%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-right-inline%5C%22%20style%3D%5C%22margin%3A%200%20.4em%200%201.5em%3B%5C%22%3Ede%20Chanaud%20N%2C%20Sidrokiewitcz%20S.%20Comparaison%20de%20l%26%23x2019%3Befficacit%26%23xE9%3B%20d%26%23x2019%3Bune%20%26%23xE9%3Bvaluation%20g%26%23xE9%3Briatrique%20en%20soins%20primaires%20r%26%23xE9%3Balis%26%23xE9%3Be%20par%20une%20infirmi%26%23xE8%3Bre%20ou%20un%20m%26%23xE9%3Bdecin%20g%26%23xE9%3Bn%26%23xE9%3Braliste.%20D%26%23x2019%3Bapr%26%23xE8%3Bs%20une%20communication%20de%26%23x202F%3B%3A%20Ferrat%20E%2C%20Attali%20C%2C%20Audureau%20E.%20Exercer.%202017%3B132%3A160%26%23x2013%3B1.%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%5Cn%20%20%20%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%5Cn%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%22%2C%22data%22%3A%7B%22itemType%22%3A%22journalArticle%22%2C%22title%22%3A%22Comparaison%20de%20l%27efficacit%5Cu00e9%20d%27une%20%5Cu00e9valuation%20g%5Cu00e9riatrique%20en%20soins%20primaires%20r%5Cu00e9alis%5Cu00e9e%20par%20une%20infirmi%5Cu00e8re%20ou%20un%20m%5Cu00e9decin%20g%5Cu00e9n%5Cu00e9raliste.%20D%27apr%5Cu00e8s%20une%20communication%20de%20%3A%20Ferrat%20E%2C%20Attali%20C%2C%20Audureau%20E.%22%2C%22creators%22%3A%5B%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Nicolas%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22de%20Chanaud%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22St%5Cu00e9phanie%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Sidrokiewitcz%22%7D%5D%2C%22abstractNote%22%3A%22%22%2C%22date%22%3A%222017%22%2C%22language%22%3A%22%22%2C%22DOI%22%3A%22%22%2C%22ISSN%22%3A%22%22%2C%22url%22%3A%22%22%2C%22collections%22%3A%5B%5D%2C%22dateModified%22%3A%222021-01-11T12%3A12%3A40Z%22%7D%7D%2C%7B%22key%22%3A%22VJBX8N8L%22%2C%22library%22%3A%7B%22id%22%3A1093634%7D%2C%22meta%22%3A%7B%22creatorSummary%22%3A%22Neuman%20et%20al.%22%2C%22parsedDate%22%3A%222014-05%22%2C%22numChildren%22%3A1%7D%2C%22bib%22%3A%22%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-bib-body%5C%22%20style%3D%5C%22line-height%3A%201.35%3B%20%5C%22%3E%5Cn%20%20%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-entry%5C%22%20style%3D%5C%22clear%3A%20left%3B%20%5C%22%3E%5Cn%20%20%20%20%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-left-margin%5C%22%20style%3D%5C%22float%3A%20left%3B%20padding-right%3A%200.5em%3B%20text-align%3A%20right%3B%20width%3A%201em%3B%5C%22%3E1.%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-right-inline%5C%22%20style%3D%5C%22margin%3A%200%20.4em%200%201.5em%3B%5C%22%3ENeuman%20MD%2C%20Goldstein%20JN%2C%20Cirullo%20MA%2C%20Schwartz%20JS.%20Durability%20of%20class%20I%20American%20College%20of%20Cardiology%5C%2FAmerican%20Heart%20Association%20clinical%20practice%20guideline%20recommendations.%20JAMA.%202014%20May%3B311%2820%29%3A2092%26%23x2013%3B100.%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%5Cn%20%20%20%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%5Cn%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%22%2C%22data%22%3A%7B%22itemType%22%3A%22journalArticle%22%2C%22title%22%3A%22Durability%20of%20class%20I%20American%20College%20of%20Cardiology%5C%2FAmerican%20Heart%20Association%20clinical%20practice%20guideline%20recommendations%22%2C%22creators%22%3A%5B%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Mark%20D.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Neuman%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Jennifer%20N.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Goldstein%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Michael%20A.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Cirullo%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22J.%20Sanford%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Schwartz%22%7D%5D%2C%22abstractNote%22%3A%22IMPORTANCE%3A%20Little%20is%20known%20regarding%20the%20durability%20of%20clinical%20practice%20guideline%20recommendations%20over%20time.%5CnOBJECTIVE%3A%20To%20characterize%20variations%20in%20the%20durability%20of%20class%20I%20%28%5C%22procedure%5C%2Ftreatment%20should%20be%20performed%5C%2Fadministered%5C%22%29%20American%20College%20of%20Cardiology%5C%2FAmerican%20Heart%20Association%20%28ACC%5C%2FAHA%29%20guideline%20recommendations.%5CnDESIGN%2C%20SETTING%2C%20AND%20PARTICIPANTS%3A%20Textual%20analysis%20by%204%20independent%20reviewers%20of%2011%20guidelines%20published%20between%201998%20and%202007%20and%20revised%20between%202006%20and%202013.%5CnMAIN%20OUTCOMES%20AND%20MEASURES%3A%20We%20abstracted%20all%20class%20I%20recommendations%20from%20the%20first%20of%20the%202%20most%20recent%20versions%20of%20each%20guideline%20and%20identified%20corresponding%20recommendations%20in%20the%20subsequent%20version.%20We%20classified%20recommendations%20replaced%20by%20less%20determinate%20or%20contrary%20recommendations%20as%20having%20been%20downgraded%20or%20reversed%3B%20we%20classified%20recommendations%20for%20which%20no%20corresponding%20item%20could%20be%20identified%20as%20having%20been%20omitted.%20We%20tested%20for%20differences%20in%20the%20durability%20of%20recommendations%20according%20to%20guideline%20topic%20and%20underlying%20level%20of%20evidence%20using%20bivariable%20hypothesis%20tests%20and%20conditional%20logistic%20regression.%5CnRESULTS%3A%20Of%20619%20index%20recommendations%2C%20495%20%2880.0%25%3B%2095%25%20CI%2C%2076.6%25-83.1%25%29%20were%20retained%20in%20the%20subsequent%20guideline%20version%2C%2057%20%289.2%25%3B%2095%25%20CI%2C%207.0%25-11.8%25%29%20were%20downgraded%20or%20reversed%2C%20and%2067%20%2810.8%25%3B%2095%25%20CI%2C%208.4%25-13.3%25%29%20were%20omitted.%20The%20percentage%20of%20recommendations%20retained%20varied%20across%20guidelines%20from%2015.4%25%20%2895%25%20CI%2C%201.9%25-45.4%25%29%20to%2094.1%25%20%2895%25%20CI%2C%2080.3%25-99.3%25%3B%20P%5Cu2009%3C%5Cu2009.001%29.%20Among%20recommendations%20with%20available%20information%20on%20level%20of%20evidence%2C%2090.5%25%20%2895%25%20CI%2C%2083.2%25-95.3%25%29%20of%20recommendations%20supported%20by%20multiple%20randomized%20studies%20were%20retained%2C%20vs%2081.0%25%20%2895%25%20CI%2C%2074.8%25-86.3%25%29%20of%20recommendations%20supported%20by%201%20randomized%20trial%20or%20observational%20data%20and%2073.7%25%20%2895%25%20CI%2C%2065.8%25-80.5%25%29%20of%20recommendations%20supported%20by%20opinion%20%28P%5Cu2009%3D%5Cu2009.001%29.%20After%20accounting%20for%20guideline-level%20factors%2C%20the%20probability%20of%20being%20downgraded%2C%20reversed%2C%20or%20omitted%20was%20greater%20for%20recommendations%20based%20on%20opinion%20%28odds%20ratio%2C%203.14%3B%2095%25%20CI%2C%201.69-5.85%3B%20P%5Cu2009%3C%5Cu2009.001%29%20or%20on%201%20trial%20or%20observational%20data%20%28odds%20ratio%2C%203.49%3B%2095%25%20CI%2C%201.45-8.41%3B%20P%5Cu2009%3D%5Cu2009.005%29%20vs%20recommendations%20based%20on%20multiple%20trials.%5CnCONCLUSIONS%20AND%20RELEVANCE%3A%20The%20durability%20of%20class%20I%20cardiology%20guideline%20recommendations%20for%20procedures%20and%20treatments%20promulgated%20by%20the%20ACC%5C%2FAHA%20varied%20across%20individual%20guidelines%20and%20levels%20of%20evidence.%20Downgrades%2C%20reversals%2C%20and%20omissions%20were%20most%20common%20among%20recommendations%20not%20supported%20by%20multiple%20randomized%20studies.%22%2C%22date%22%3A%22May%202014%22%2C%22language%22%3A%22eng%22%2C%22DOI%22%3A%2210.1001%5C%2Fjama.2014.4949%22%2C%22ISSN%22%3A%221538-3598%22%2C%22url%22%3A%22%22%2C%22collections%22%3A%5B%5D%2C%22dateModified%22%3A%222021-01-11T12%3A12%3A40Z%22%7D%7D%2C%7B%22key%22%3A%22QZB4BKJV%22%2C%22library%22%3A%7B%22id%22%3A1093634%7D%2C%22meta%22%3A%7B%22creatorSummary%22%3A%22Bucher%20et%20al.%22%2C%22parsedDate%22%3A%222017-02%22%2C%22numChildren%22%3A1%7D%2C%22bib%22%3A%22%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-bib-body%5C%22%20style%3D%5C%22line-height%3A%201.35%3B%20%5C%22%3E%5Cn%20%20%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-entry%5C%22%20style%3D%5C%22clear%3A%20left%3B%20%5C%22%3E%5Cn%20%20%20%20%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-left-margin%5C%22%20style%3D%5C%22float%3A%20left%3B%20padding-right%3A%200.5em%3B%20text-align%3A%20right%3B%20width%3A%201em%3B%5C%22%3E1.%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-right-inline%5C%22%20style%3D%5C%22margin%3A%200%20.4em%200%201.5em%3B%5C%22%3EBucher%20S%2C%20Maury%20A%2C%20Rosso%20J%2C%20de%20Chanaud%20N%2C%20Bloy%20G%2C%20Pendola-Luchel%20I%2C%20et%20al.%20Time%20and%20feasibility%20of%20prevention%20in%20primary%20care.%20Fam%20Pract.%202017%20Feb%3B34%281%29%3A49%26%23x2013%3B56.%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%5Cn%20%20%20%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%5Cn%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%22%2C%22data%22%3A%7B%22itemType%22%3A%22journalArticle%22%2C%22title%22%3A%22Time%20and%20feasibility%20of%20prevention%20in%20primary%20care%22%2C%22creators%22%3A%5B%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Sophie%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Bucher%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Arnaud%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Maury%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Julie%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Rosso%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Nicolas%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22de%20Chanaud%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22G%5Cu00e9raldine%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Bloy%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Isabelle%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Pendola-Luchel%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Rapha%5Cu00eblle%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Delpech%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Sylvain%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Paquet%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Hector%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Falcoff%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Virginie%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Ringa%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Laurent%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Rigal%22%7D%5D%2C%22abstractNote%22%3A%22BACKGROUND%3A%20Prevention%20is%20an%20essential%20task%20in%20primary%20care.%20According%20to%20primary%20care%20physicians%20%28PCPs%29%2Clack%20of%20time%20is%20one%20of%20the%20principal%20obstacles%20to%20its%20performance.%5CnOBJECTIVE%3A%20To%20assess%20the%20feasibility%20of%20prevention%20in%20terms%20of%20time%20by%20estimating%20the%20time%20necessary%20to%20perform%20all%20of%20the%20preventive%20care%20recommended%2C%20separately%20from%20the%20PCPs%20and%20patient%27s%20perspectives%2C%20and%20to%20compare%20them%20to%20the%20amount%20of%20time%20available.%5CnMETHODS%3A%20A%20review%20of%20the%20literature%20identified%20the%20prevention%20procedures%20recommended%20in%20France%2C%20the%20duration%20of%20each%20procedure%20and%20its%20recommended%20frequency%2C%20as%20well%20as%20PCPs%27%20consultation%20time.%20A%20hypothetical%20patient%20panel%20size%20of%201000%20patients%2C%20representative%20of%20the%20French%20population%2C%20served%20as%20the%20basis%20for%20our%20calculations%20of%20the%20annual%20time%20necessary%20for%20prevention%20for%20a%20PCP.%20The%20prevention%20time%20from%20the%20patient%27s%20perspective%20was%20estimated%20from%20data%20collected%20from%20a%20previous%20study%20of%20a%20panel%20of%203556%20patients.%5CnRESULTS%3A%20For%20PCPs%2C%20the%20annual%20time%20necessary%20for%20all%20of%20the%20required%20preventive%20care%20was%20250%20hours%2C%20or%2020%25%20of%20their%20total%20patient%20time.%20For%20a%20patient%2C%20the%20annual%20time%20required%20for%20prevention%20during%20encounters%20with%20a%20PCP%20ranged%20from%209.7%20to%2026.4%20minutes%20per%20year.%20The%20mean%20total%20encounter%20time%20was%2075.9%20minutes%20per%20year.%20Nearly%2073%25%20of%20patients%20had%20a%20prevention-to-care%20time%20ratio%20exceeding%2015%25.%5CnCONCLUSION%3A%20Feasibility%20thus%20differs%20substantially%20between%20patients.%20These%20differences%20correspond%20especially%20to%20disparities%20in%20the%20annual%20care%20time%20used%20by%20each%20patient.%20Specific%20solutions%20should%20be%20developed%20according%20to%20the%20patients%27%20utilization%20of%20care.%22%2C%22date%22%3A%22Feb%202017%22%2C%22language%22%3A%22eng%22%2C%22DOI%22%3A%2210.1093%5C%2Ffampra%5C%2Fcmw108%22%2C%22ISSN%22%3A%221460-2229%22%2C%22url%22%3A%22%22%2C%22collections%22%3A%5B%5D%2C%22dateModified%22%3A%222021-01-11T12%3A12%3A39Z%22%7D%7D%2C%7B%22key%22%3A%229VF93AHP%22%2C%22library%22%3A%7B%22id%22%3A1093634%7D%2C%22meta%22%3A%7B%22creatorSummary%22%3A%22Alderson%20et%20al.%22%2C%22parsedDate%22%3A%222014-01%22%2C%22numChildren%22%3A1%7D%2C%22bib%22%3A%22%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-bib-body%5C%22%20style%3D%5C%22line-height%3A%201.35%3B%20%5C%22%3E%5Cn%20%20%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-entry%5C%22%20style%3D%5C%22clear%3A%20left%3B%20%5C%22%3E%5Cn%20%20%20%20%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-left-margin%5C%22%20style%3D%5C%22float%3A%20left%3B%20padding-right%3A%200.5em%3B%20text-align%3A%20right%3B%20width%3A%201em%3B%5C%22%3E1.%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-right-inline%5C%22%20style%3D%5C%22margin%3A%200%20.4em%200%201.5em%3B%5C%22%3EAlderson%20LJH%2C%20Alderson%20P%2C%20Tan%20T.%20Median%20life%20span%20of%20a%20cohort%20of%20National%20Institute%20for%20Health%20and%20Care%20Excellence%20clinical%20guidelines%20was%20about%2060%20months.%20J%20Clin%20Epidemiol.%202014%20Jan%3B67%281%29%3A52%26%23x2013%3B5.%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%5Cn%20%20%20%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%5Cn%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%22%2C%22data%22%3A%7B%22itemType%22%3A%22journalArticle%22%2C%22title%22%3A%22Median%20life%20span%20of%20a%20cohort%20of%20National%20Institute%20for%20Health%20and%20Care%20Excellence%20clinical%20guidelines%20was%20about%2060%20months%22%2C%22creators%22%3A%5B%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Lucy%20J.%20H.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Alderson%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Phil%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Alderson%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Toni%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Tan%22%7D%5D%2C%22abstractNote%22%3A%22OBJECTIVES%3A%20To%20describe%20the%20length%20of%20time%20National%20Institute%20for%20Health%20and%20Care%20Excellence%20%28NICE%29%20clinical%20guidelines%20have%20remained%20valid.%5CnSTUDY%20DESIGN%20AND%20SETTING%3A%20The%20present%20study%20is%20a%20survival%20analysis%20of%20a%20cohort%20of%20published%20NICE%20clinical%20guidelines.%20The%20National%20Health%20Service%20in%20England%20and%20Wales%20uses%20NICE%20clinical%20practice%20guidelines%20as%20a%20reference%20for%20treatment%20and%20care%20of%20individuals.%20They%20need%20to%20be%20updated%20as%20new%20evidence%20arises%2C%20to%20remain%20credible%20and%20relevant%2C%20and%20are%20currently%20assessed%203%20years%20after%20publication.%5CnRESULTS%3A%20Survival%20analysis%20suggested%20that%20about%2086%25%20of%20guidelines%20are%20still%20up-to-date%203%20years%20after%20their%20publication.%20The%20median%20life%20span%20was%2060%20months%20%2895%25%20confidence%20interval%3A%2051%2C%2069%29.%5CnCONCLUSION%3A%20These%20findings%20are%20similar%20to%20those%20in%20other%20studies%20of%20the%20life%20span%20of%20guidelines.%20Efficient%20mechanisms%20must%20be%20in%20place%20to%20detect%20the%20minority%20of%20guidelines%20that%20become%20outdated%20quickly.%22%2C%22date%22%3A%22Jan%202014%22%2C%22language%22%3A%22eng%22%2C%22DOI%22%3A%2210.1016%5C%2Fj.jclinepi.2013.07.012%22%2C%22ISSN%22%3A%221878-5921%22%2C%22url%22%3A%22%22%2C%22collections%22%3A%5B%5D%2C%22dateModified%22%3A%222021-01-11T12%3A12%3A39Z%22%7D%7D%2C%7B%22key%22%3A%229BZXCT4M%22%2C%22library%22%3A%7B%22id%22%3A1093634%7D%2C%22meta%22%3A%7B%22creatorSummary%22%3A%22Haute%20Autorit%5Cu00e9%20de%20Sant%5Cu00e9%22%2C%22parsedDate%22%3A%222014%22%2C%22numChildren%22%3A1%7D%2C%22bib%22%3A%22%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-bib-body%5C%22%20style%3D%5C%22line-height%3A%201.35%3B%20%5C%22%3E%5Cn%20%20%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-entry%5C%22%20style%3D%5C%22clear%3A%20left%3B%20%5C%22%3E%5Cn%20%20%20%20%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-left-margin%5C%22%20style%3D%5C%22float%3A%20left%3B%20padding-right%3A%200.5em%3B%20text-align%3A%20right%3B%20width%3A%201em%3B%5C%22%3E1.%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-right-inline%5C%22%20style%3D%5C%22margin%3A%200%20.4em%200%201.5em%3B%5C%22%3EHaute%20Autorit%26%23xE9%3B%20de%20Sant%26%23xE9%3B.%20Guide%20Saed%26%23x202F%3B%3A%20%5C%22%20%26%23xE7%3Ba%20aide%20%26%23xE0%3B%20communiquer%20%5C%22%20%5BInternet%5D.%202014%20%5Bcited%202017%20Mar%2023%5D.%20Available%20from%3A%20%3Ca%20class%3D%27zp-ItemURL%27%20href%3D%27http%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fwww.has-sante.fr%5C%2Fportail%5C%2Fupload%5C%2Fdocs%5C%2Fapplication%5C%2Fpdf%5C%2F2014-11%5C%2Fsaed_guide_complet_2014-11-21_15-41-2_64.pdf%27%3Ehttp%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fwww.has-sante.fr%5C%2Fportail%5C%2Fupload%5C%2Fdocs%5C%2Fapplication%5C%2Fpdf%5C%2F2014-11%5C%2Fsaed_guide_complet_2014-11-21_15-41-2_64.pdf%3C%5C%2Fa%3E%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%5Cn%20%20%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%5Cn%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%22%2C%22data%22%3A%7B%22itemType%22%3A%22report%22%2C%22title%22%3A%22Guide%20Saed%20%3A%20%5C%22%20%5Cu00e7a%20aide%20%5Cu00e0%20communiquer%20%5C%22%22%2C%22creators%22%3A%5B%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22name%22%3A%22Haute%20Autorit%5Cu00e9%20de%20Sant%5Cu00e9%22%7D%5D%2C%22abstractNote%22%3A%22%22%2C%22reportNumber%22%3A%22%22%2C%22reportType%22%3A%22%22%2C%22institution%22%3A%22%22%2C%22date%22%3A%222014%22%2C%22language%22%3A%22%22%2C%22url%22%3A%22http%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fwww.has-sante.fr%5C%2Fportail%5C%2Fupload%5C%2Fdocs%5C%2Fapplication%5C%2Fpdf%5C%2F2014-11%5C%2Fsaed_guide_complet_2014-11-21_15-41-2_64.pdf%22%2C%22collections%22%3A%5B%22GYEE5AQ2%22%5D%2C%22dateModified%22%3A%222021-01-11T12%3A12%3A36Z%22%7D%7D%2C%7B%22key%22%3A%22J9I8USF8%22%2C%22library%22%3A%7B%22id%22%3A1093634%7D%2C%22meta%22%3A%7B%22creatorSummary%22%3A%22Makary%20and%20Daniel%22%2C%22parsedDate%22%3A%222016-05-03%22%2C%22numChildren%22%3A1%7D%2C%22bib%22%3A%22%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-bib-body%5C%22%20style%3D%5C%22line-height%3A%201.35%3B%20%5C%22%3E%5Cn%20%20%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-entry%5C%22%20style%3D%5C%22clear%3A%20left%3B%20%5C%22%3E%5Cn%20%20%20%20%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-left-margin%5C%22%20style%3D%5C%22float%3A%20left%3B%20padding-right%3A%200.5em%3B%20text-align%3A%20right%3B%20width%3A%201em%3B%5C%22%3E1.%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-right-inline%5C%22%20style%3D%5C%22margin%3A%200%20.4em%200%201.5em%3B%5C%22%3EMakary%20MA%2C%20Daniel%20M.%20Medical%20error%26%23x2014%3Bthe%20third%20leading%20cause%20of%20death%20in%20the%20US.%20BMJ%20%5BInternet%5D.%202016%20May%203%20%5Bcited%202017%20Mar%2023%5D%3Bi2139.%20Available%20from%3A%20%3Ca%20class%3D%27zp-ItemURL%27%20href%3D%27http%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fwww.bmj.com%5C%2Flookup%5C%2Fdoi%5C%2F10.1136%5C%2Fbmj.i2139%27%3Ehttp%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fwww.bmj.com%5C%2Flookup%5C%2Fdoi%5C%2F10.1136%5C%2Fbmj.i2139%3C%5C%2Fa%3E%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%5Cn%20%20%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%5Cn%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%22%2C%22data%22%3A%7B%22itemType%22%3A%22journalArticle%22%2C%22title%22%3A%22Medical%20error%5Cu2014the%20third%20leading%20cause%20of%20death%20in%20the%20US%22%2C%22creators%22%3A%5B%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Martin%20A%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Makary%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Michael%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Daniel%22%7D%5D%2C%22abstractNote%22%3A%22%22%2C%22date%22%3A%222016-05-03%22%2C%22language%22%3A%22en%22%2C%22DOI%22%3A%2210.1136%5C%2Fbmj.i2139%22%2C%22ISSN%22%3A%221756-1833%22%2C%22url%22%3A%22http%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fwww.bmj.com%5C%2Flookup%5C%2Fdoi%5C%2F10.1136%5C%2Fbmj.i2139%22%2C%22collections%22%3A%5B%5D%2C%22dateModified%22%3A%222021-01-11T12%3A12%3A35Z%22%7D%7D%2C%7B%22key%22%3A%22U6N2XUL4%22%2C%22library%22%3A%7B%22id%22%3A1093634%7D%2C%22meta%22%3A%7B%22creatorSummary%22%3A%22Makary%20and%20Daniel%22%2C%22parsedDate%22%3A%222016-05-03%22%2C%22numChildren%22%3A3%7D%2C%22bib%22%3A%22%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-bib-body%5C%22%20style%3D%5C%22line-height%3A%201.35%3B%20%5C%22%3E%5Cn%20%20%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-entry%5C%22%20style%3D%5C%22clear%3A%20left%3B%20%5C%22%3E%5Cn%20%20%20%20%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-left-margin%5C%22%20style%3D%5C%22float%3A%20left%3B%20padding-right%3A%200.5em%3B%20text-align%3A%20right%3B%20width%3A%201em%3B%5C%22%3E1.%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-right-inline%5C%22%20style%3D%5C%22margin%3A%200%20.4em%200%201.5em%3B%5C%22%3EMakary%20MA%2C%20Daniel%20M.%20Medical%20error%26%23x2014%3Bthe%20third%20leading%20cause%20of%20death%20in%20the%20US.%20BMJ%20%5BInternet%5D.%202016%20May%203%20%5Bcited%202017%20Mar%2023%5D%3B353%3Ai2139.%20Available%20from%3A%20%3Ca%20class%3D%27zp-ItemURL%27%20href%3D%27http%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fwww.bmj.com%5C%2Fcontent%5C%2F353%5C%2Fbmj.i2139%27%3Ehttp%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fwww.bmj.com%5C%2Fcontent%5C%2F353%5C%2Fbmj.i2139%3C%5C%2Fa%3E%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%5Cn%20%20%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%5Cn%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%22%2C%22data%22%3A%7B%22itemType%22%3A%22journalArticle%22%2C%22title%22%3A%22Medical%20error%5Cu2014the%20third%20leading%20cause%20of%20death%20in%20the%20US%22%2C%22creators%22%3A%5B%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Martin%20A.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Makary%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Michael%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Daniel%22%7D%5D%2C%22abstractNote%22%3A%22Medical%20error%20is%20not%20included%20on%20death%20certificates%20or%20in%20rankings%20of%20cause%20of%20death.%20Martin%20Makary%20and%20Michael%20Daniel%20assess%20its%20contribution%20to%20mortality%20and%20call%20for%20better%20reporting%20%5Cn%5CnThe%20annual%20list%20of%20the%20most%20common%20causes%20of%20death%20in%20the%20United%20States%2C%20compiled%20by%20the%20Centers%20for%20Disease%20Control%20and%20Prevention%20%28CDC%29%2C%20informs%20public%20awareness%20and%20national%20research%20priorities%20each%20year.%20The%20list%20is%20created%20using%20death%20certificates%20filled%20out%20by%20physicians%2C%20funeral%20directors%2C%20medical%20examiners%2C%20and%20coroners.%20However%2C%20a%20major%20limitation%20of%20the%20death%20certificate%20is%20that%20it%20relies%20on%20assigning%20an%20International%20Classification%20of%20Disease%20%28ICD%29%20code%20to%20the%20cause%20of%20death.1%20As%20a%20result%2C%20causes%20of%20death%20not%20associated%20with%20an%20ICD%20code%2C%20such%20as%20human%20and%20system%20factors%2C%20are%20not%20captured.%20The%20science%20of%20safety%20has%20matured%20to%20describe%20how%20communication%20breakdowns%2C%20diagnostic%20errors%2C%20poor%20judgment%2C%20and%20inadequate%20skill%20can%20directly%20result%20in%20patient%20harm%20and%20death.%20We%20analyzed%20the%20scientific%20literature%20on%20medical%20error%20to%20identify%20its%20contribution%20to%20US%20deaths%20in%20relation%20to%20causes%20listed%20by%20the%20CDC.2%5Cn%5CnMedical%20error%20has%20been%20defined%20as%20an%20unintended%20act%20%28either%20of%20omission%20or%20commission%29%20or%20one%20that%20does%20not%20achieve%20its%20intended%20outcome%2C3%20the%20failure%20of%20a%20planned%20action%20to%20be%20completed%20as%20intended%20%28an%20error%20of%20execution%29%2C%20the%20use%20of%20a%20wrong%20plan%20to%20achieve%20an%20aim%20%28an%20error%20of%20planning%29%2C4%20or%20a%20deviation%20from%20the%20process%20of%20care%20that%20may%20or%20may%20not%20cause%20harm%20to%20the%20patient.5%20Patient%20harm%20from%20medical%20error%20can%20occur%20at%20the%20individual%20or%20system%20level.%20The%20taxonomy%20of%20errors%20is%20expanding%20to%20better%20categorize%20preventable%20factors%20and%20events.6%20We%20focus%20on%20preventable%20lethal%20events%20to%20highlight%20the%20scale%20of%20potential%20for%20improvement.%5Cn%5CnThe%20role%20of%20error%20can%20be%20complex.%20While%20%5Cu2026%22%2C%22date%22%3A%222016%5C%2F05%5C%2F03%22%2C%22language%22%3A%22en%22%2C%22DOI%22%3A%2210.1136%5C%2Fbmj.i2139%22%2C%22ISSN%22%3A%221756-1833%22%2C%22url%22%3A%22http%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fwww.bmj.com%5C%2Fcontent%5C%2F353%5C%2Fbmj.i2139%22%2C%22collections%22%3A%5B%22GYEE5AQ2%22%5D%2C%22dateModified%22%3A%222021-01-11T12%3A12%3A34Z%22%7D%7D%2C%7B%22key%22%3A%224DDCJQQ7%22%2C%22library%22%3A%7B%22id%22%3A1093634%7D%2C%22meta%22%3A%7B%22creatorSummary%22%3A%22Michel%20et%20al.%22%2C%22parsedDate%22%3A%222005%22%2C%22numChildren%22%3A1%7D%2C%22bib%22%3A%22%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-bib-body%5C%22%20style%3D%5C%22line-height%3A%201.35%3B%20%5C%22%3E%5Cn%20%20%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-entry%5C%22%20style%3D%5C%22clear%3A%20left%3B%20%5C%22%3E%5Cn%20%20%20%20%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-left-margin%5C%22%20style%3D%5C%22float%3A%20left%3B%20padding-right%3A%200.5em%3B%20text-align%3A%20right%3B%20width%3A%201em%3B%5C%22%3E1.%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-right-inline%5C%22%20style%3D%5C%22margin%3A%200%20.4em%200%201.5em%3B%5C%22%3EMichel%20P%2C%20Quenon%20JL%2C%20Djihoud%20A.%20Les%20%26%23xE9%3Bv%26%23xE9%3Bnements%20ind%26%23xE9%3Bsirables%20graves%20li%26%23xE9%3Bs%20au%20soins%20observ%26%23xE9%3Bs%20dans%20les%20%26%23xE9%3Btablissements%20de%20sant%26%23xE9%3B%26%23x202F%3B%3A%20premiers%20r%26%23xE9%3Bsultats%20d%26%23x2019%3Bune%20%26%23xE9%3Btude%20nationale.%20Etudes%20et%20R%26%23xE9%3Bsultats%20%5BInternet%5D.%202005%20%5Bcited%202017%20Mar%2023%5D%3B%28398%29.%20Available%20from%3A%20%3Ca%20class%3D%27zp-ItemURL%27%20href%3D%27http%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fsocial-sante.gouv.fr%5C%2FIMG%5C%2Fpdf%5C%2FENEIS_1.pdf%27%3Ehttp%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fsocial-sante.gouv.fr%5C%2FIMG%5C%2Fpdf%5C%2FENEIS_1.pdf%3C%5C%2Fa%3E%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%5Cn%20%20%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%5Cn%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%22%2C%22data%22%3A%7B%22itemType%22%3A%22journalArticle%22%2C%22title%22%3A%22Les%20%5Cu00e9v%5Cu00e9nements%20ind%5Cu00e9sirables%20graves%20li%5Cu00e9s%20au%20soins%20observ%5Cu00e9s%20dans%20les%20%5Cu00e9tablissements%20de%20sant%5Cu00e9%20%3A%20premiers%20r%5Cu00e9sultats%20d%27une%20%5Cu00e9tude%20nationale%22%2C%22creators%22%3A%5B%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Philippe%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Michel%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Jean%20Luc%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Quenon%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Ahmed%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Djihoud%22%7D%5D%2C%22abstractNote%22%3A%22%22%2C%22date%22%3A%222005%22%2C%22language%22%3A%22%22%2C%22DOI%22%3A%22%22%2C%22ISSN%22%3A%22%22%2C%22url%22%3A%22http%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fsocial-sante.gouv.fr%5C%2FIMG%5C%2Fpdf%5C%2FENEIS_1.pdf%22%2C%22collections%22%3A%5B%5D%2C%22dateModified%22%3A%222021-01-11T12%3A12%3A33Z%22%7D%7D%2C%7B%22key%22%3A%22HLENJMK9%22%2C%22library%22%3A%7B%22id%22%3A1093634%7D%2C%22meta%22%3A%7B%22creatorSummary%22%3A%22Chaleix%20et%20al.%22%2C%22parsedDate%22%3A%222010%22%2C%22numChildren%22%3A1%7D%2C%22bib%22%3A%22%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-bib-body%5C%22%20style%3D%5C%22line-height%3A%201.35%3B%20%5C%22%3E%5Cn%20%20%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-entry%5C%22%20style%3D%5C%22clear%3A%20left%3B%20%5C%22%3E%5Cn%20%20%20%20%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-left-margin%5C%22%20style%3D%5C%22float%3A%20left%3B%20padding-right%3A%200.5em%3B%20text-align%3A%20right%3B%20width%3A%201em%3B%5C%22%3E1.%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-right-inline%5C%22%20style%3D%5C%22margin%3A%200%20.4em%200%201.5em%3B%5C%22%3EChaleix%20M%2C%20IZOTTE-KRET%20M%2C%20R%26%23xE9%3Bgine%20BS%2C%20QUENON%20JL%2C%20OLIER%20L.%20Les%20%26%23xE9%3Bv%26%23xE9%3Bnements%20ind%26%23xE9%3Bsirables%20graves%20associ%26%23xE9%3Bs%20aux%20soins%20observ%26%23xE9%3Bs%20dans%20les%20%26%23xE9%3Btablissements%20de%20sant%26%23xE9%3B%20-%20R%26%23xE9%3Bsultat%20des%20enqu%26%23xEA%3Btes%20nationales%20men%26%23xE9%3Bes%20en%202009%20et%202004.%20Solidarit%26%23xE9%3B%20Sant%26%23xE9%3B%20%5BInternet%5D.%202010%20%5Bcited%202017%20Mar%2023%5D%3B%2817%29.%20Available%20from%3A%20%3Ca%20class%3D%27zp-ItemURL%27%20href%3D%27http%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fwww.guidedesdemarches.com%5C%2FDOCS%5C%2FDOC123.pdf%27%3Ehttp%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fwww.guidedesdemarches.com%5C%2FDOCS%5C%2FDOC123.pdf%3C%5C%2Fa%3E%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%5Cn%20%20%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%5Cn%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%22%2C%22data%22%3A%7B%22itemType%22%3A%22journalArticle%22%2C%22title%22%3A%22Les%20%5Cu00e9v%5Cu00e9nements%20ind%5Cu00e9sirables%20graves%20associ%5Cu00e9s%20aux%20soins%20observ%5Cu00e9s%20dans%20les%20%5Cu00e9tablissements%20de%20sant%5Cu00e9%20-%20R%5Cu00e9sultat%20des%20enqu%5Cu00eates%20nationales%20men%5Cu00e9es%20en%202009%20et%202004%22%2C%22creators%22%3A%5B%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Myl%5Cu00e8ne%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Chaleix%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Marion%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22IZOTTE-KRET%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22BRU-SONNET%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22R%5Cu00e9gine%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Jean-Luc%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22QUENON%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Lucile%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22OLIER%22%7D%5D%2C%22abstractNote%22%3A%22%22%2C%22date%22%3A%222010%22%2C%22language%22%3A%22%22%2C%22DOI%22%3A%22%22%2C%22ISSN%22%3A%22%22%2C%22url%22%3A%22http%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fwww.guidedesdemarches.com%5C%2FDOCS%5C%2FDOC123.pdf%22%2C%22collections%22%3A%5B%5D%2C%22dateModified%22%3A%222021-01-11T12%3A12%3A32Z%22%7D%7D%2C%7B%22key%22%3A%22MXG76BUQ%22%2C%22library%22%3A%7B%22id%22%3A1093634%7D%2C%22meta%22%3A%7B%22creatorSummary%22%3A%22Stewart%22%2C%22parsedDate%22%3A%222001-02-24%22%2C%22numChildren%22%3A3%7D%2C%22bib%22%3A%22%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-bib-body%5C%22%20style%3D%5C%22line-height%3A%201.35%3B%20%5C%22%3E%5Cn%20%20%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-entry%5C%22%20style%3D%5C%22clear%3A%20left%3B%20%5C%22%3E%5Cn%20%20%20%20%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-left-margin%5C%22%20style%3D%5C%22float%3A%20left%3B%20padding-right%3A%200.5em%3B%20text-align%3A%20right%3B%20width%3A%201em%3B%5C%22%3E1.%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-right-inline%5C%22%20style%3D%5C%22margin%3A%200%20.4em%200%201.5em%3B%5C%22%3EStewart%20M.%20Towards%20a%20global%20definition%20of%20patient%20centred%20care.%20BMJ%20%5BInternet%5D.%202001%20Feb%2024%20%5Bcited%202017%20Jan%205%5D%3B322%287284%29%3A444%26%23x2013%3B5.%20Available%20from%3A%20%3Ca%20class%3D%27zp-ItemURL%27%20href%3D%27http%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fwww.bmj.com%5C%2Fcontent%5C%2F322%5C%2F7284%5C%2F444%27%3Ehttp%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fwww.bmj.com%5C%2Fcontent%5C%2F322%5C%2F7284%5C%2F444%3C%5C%2Fa%3E%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%5Cn%20%20%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%5Cn%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%22%2C%22data%22%3A%7B%22itemType%22%3A%22journalArticle%22%2C%22title%22%3A%22Towards%20a%20global%20definition%20of%20patient%20centred%20care%22%2C%22creators%22%3A%5B%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Moira%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Stewart%22%7D%5D%2C%22abstractNote%22%3A%22Primary%20care%20p%20468%20%5Cn%5CnKey%20messages%20about%20patient%20centred%20care%20can%20be%20drawn%20from%20the%20paper%20by%20Little%20et%20al%20in%20this%20issue%20of%20the%20BMJ%20%28p%20468%29.1%20Firstly%2C%20strong%20agreement%20exists%20between%20the%20definition%20of%20patient%20centredness%20that%20arises%20empirically%20from%20this%20observational%20study%20of%20patients%20in%20the%20United%20Kingdom%20and%20another%20definition%20arising%20from%20reflections%20on%20practice%20in%20South%20Africa%20and%20Canada%2C2%20suggesting%20an%20international%20definition%20of%20patient%20centred%20medicine.%20Secondly%2C%20the%20premise%20of%20the%20observational%20study%20is%20correct%5Cu2014that%20the%20best%20way%20of%20measuring%20patient%20centredness%20is%20an%20assessment%20made%20by%20the%20patients%20themselves.%5Cn%5CnPatient%20centredness%20is%20becoming%20a%20widely%20used%2C%20but%20poorly%20understood%2C%20concept%20in%20medical%20practice.%20It%20may%20be%20most%20commonly%20understood%20for%20what%20it%20is%20not%5Cu2014technology%20centred%2C%20doctor%20centred%2C%20hospital%20centred%2C%20disease%20centred.%20Definitions%20of%20patient%20centred%20care%20seek%20to%20make%20the%20implicit%20in%20patient%20care%20explicit.%20Such%20definitions%20are%2C%20we%20recognise%2C%20oversimplifications%20which%20help%20in%20teaching%20and%20research%20but%20fail%20to%20capture%20the%20indivisible%20whole%20of%20a%20healing%20relationship.%20Perhaps%20qualitative%20research%20comes%20closer%20to%20conveying%20the%20qualities%20of%20such%20care.%5Cn%5CnAcknowledging%20these%20limitations%2C%20researchers%20seek%20answers%20to%20crucial%20questions%20%5Cu2026%22%2C%22date%22%3A%222001%5C%2F02%5C%2F24%22%2C%22language%22%3A%22en%22%2C%22DOI%22%3A%2210.1136%5C%2Fbmj.322.7284.444%22%2C%22ISSN%22%3A%220959-8138%2C%201468-5833%22%2C%22url%22%3A%22http%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fwww.bmj.com%5C%2Fcontent%5C%2F322%5C%2F7284%5C%2F444%22%2C%22collections%22%3A%5B%22GZG4LDJ6%22%5D%2C%22dateModified%22%3A%222021-01-11T12%3A12%3A30Z%22%7D%7D%2C%7B%22key%22%3A%22P7KD82A6%22%2C%22library%22%3A%7B%22id%22%3A1093634%7D%2C%22meta%22%3A%7B%22parsedDate%22%3A%222017-01-05%22%2C%22numChildren%22%3A1%7D%2C%22bib%22%3A%22%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-bib-body%5C%22%20style%3D%5C%22line-height%3A%201.35%3B%20%5C%22%3E%5Cn%20%20%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-entry%5C%22%20style%3D%5C%22clear%3A%20left%3B%20%5C%22%3E%5Cn%20%20%20%20%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-left-margin%5C%22%20style%3D%5C%22float%3A%20left%3B%20padding-right%3A%200.5em%3B%20text-align%3A%20right%3B%20width%3A%201em%3B%5C%22%3E1.%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-right-inline%5C%22%20style%3D%5C%22margin%3A%200%20.4em%200%201.5em%3B%5C%22%3EMinerva%20Website%20%5BInternet%5D.%202017%20%5Bcited%202017%20Jan%205%5D.%20Crit%26%23xE8%3Bres%20composites%26%23x202F%3B%3A%20interpr%26%23xE9%3Btation%20clinique.%20Available%20from%3A%20%3Ca%20class%3D%27zp-ItemURL%27%20href%3D%27http%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fwww.minerva-ebm.be%5C%2Ffr%5C%2Farticle%5C%2F410%27%3Ehttp%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fwww.minerva-ebm.be%5C%2Ffr%5C%2Farticle%5C%2F410%3C%5C%2Fa%3E%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%5Cn%20%20%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%5Cn%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%22%2C%22data%22%3A%7B%22itemType%22%3A%22webpage%22%2C%22title%22%3A%22Crit%5Cu00e8res%20composites%20%3A%20interpr%5Cu00e9tation%20clinique%22%2C%22creators%22%3A%5B%5D%2C%22abstractNote%22%3A%22%22%2C%22date%22%3A%222017-01-05%2013%3A06%3A09%22%2C%22url%22%3A%22http%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fwww.minerva-ebm.be%5C%2Ffr%5C%2Farticle%5C%2F410%22%2C%22language%22%3A%22%22%2C%22collections%22%3A%5B%22GZG4LDJ6%22%5D%2C%22dateModified%22%3A%222021-01-11T12%3A12%3A29Z%22%7D%7D%2C%7B%22key%22%3A%22XXR36IYS%22%2C%22library%22%3A%7B%22id%22%3A1093634%7D%2C%22meta%22%3A%7B%22creatorSummary%22%3A%22Jegu%20et%20al.%22%2C%22parsedDate%22%3A%222014%22%2C%22numChildren%22%3A1%7D%2C%22bib%22%3A%22%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-bib-body%5C%22%20style%3D%5C%22line-height%3A%201.35%3B%20%5C%22%3E%5Cn%20%20%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-entry%5C%22%20style%3D%5C%22clear%3A%20left%3B%20%5C%22%3E%5Cn%20%20%20%20%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-left-margin%5C%22%20style%3D%5C%22float%3A%20left%3B%20padding-right%3A%200.5em%3B%20text-align%3A%20right%3B%20width%3A%201em%3B%5C%22%3E1.%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-right-inline%5C%22%20style%3D%5C%22margin%3A%200%20.4em%200%201.5em%3B%5C%22%3EJegu%20J%2C%20Braun%20M%2C%20Pelaccia%20T.%20Quelle%20est%20la%20motivation%20des%20%26%23xE9%3Btudiants%20en%20m%26%23xE9%3Bdecine%20pour%20l%26%23x2019%3Bapprentissage%20de%20la%20lecture%20critique%20d%26%23x2019%3Barticle%26%23x202F%3B%3F%20P%26%23xE9%3Bdagogie%20M%26%23xE9%3Bdicale%20%5BInternet%5D.%202014%20%5Bcited%202017%20Jan%205%5D%3B15%284%29%3A259%26%23x2013%3B67.%20Available%20from%3A%20%3Ca%20class%3D%27zp-ItemURL%27%20href%3D%27http%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fwww.pedagogie-medicale.org%5C%2F10.1051%5C%2Fpmed%5C%2F2014019%27%3Ehttp%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fwww.pedagogie-medicale.org%5C%2F10.1051%5C%2Fpmed%5C%2F2014019%3C%5C%2Fa%3E%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%5Cn%20%20%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%5Cn%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%22%2C%22data%22%3A%7B%22itemType%22%3A%22journalArticle%22%2C%22title%22%3A%22Quelle%20est%20la%20motivation%20des%20%5Cu00e9tudiants%20en%20m%5Cu00e9decine%20pour%20l%5Cu2019apprentissage%20de%20la%20lecture%20critique%20d%5Cu2019article%20%3F%22%2C%22creators%22%3A%5B%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22J%5Cu00e9r%5Cu00e9mie%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Jegu%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Marc%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Braun%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Thierry%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Pelaccia%22%7D%5D%2C%22abstractNote%22%3A%22%22%2C%22date%22%3A%2211%5C%2F2014%22%2C%22language%22%3A%22%22%2C%22DOI%22%3A%2210.1051%5C%2Fpmed%5C%2F2014019%22%2C%22ISSN%22%3A%221625-6484%2C%201627-4784%22%2C%22url%22%3A%22http%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fwww.pedagogie-medicale.org%5C%2F10.1051%5C%2Fpmed%5C%2F2014019%22%2C%22collections%22%3A%5B%22GZG4LDJ6%22%5D%2C%22dateModified%22%3A%222021-01-11T12%3A12%3A28Z%22%7D%7D%2C%7B%22key%22%3A%2248N6HTSP%22%2C%22library%22%3A%7B%22id%22%3A1093634%7D%2C%22meta%22%3A%7B%22creatorSummary%22%3A%22Association%20p%5Cu00e9dagogique%20nationale%20pour%20l%27enseignement%20de%20la%20th%5Cu00e9rapeutique%20%28France%29%20and%20Durocher%22%2C%22parsedDate%22%3A%222015%22%2C%22numChildren%22%3A0%7D%2C%22bib%22%3A%22%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-bib-body%5C%22%20style%3D%5C%22line-height%3A%201.35%3B%20%5C%22%3E%5Cn%20%20%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-entry%5C%22%20style%3D%5C%22clear%3A%20left%3B%20%5C%22%3E%5Cn%20%20%20%20%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-left-margin%5C%22%20style%3D%5C%22float%3A%20left%3B%20padding-right%3A%200.5em%3B%20text-align%3A%20right%3B%20width%3A%201em%3B%5C%22%3E1.%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-right-inline%5C%22%20style%3D%5C%22margin%3A%200%20.4em%200%201.5em%3B%5C%22%3EAssociation%20p%26%23xE9%3Bdagogique%20nationale%20pour%20l%26%23x2019%3Benseignement%20de%20la%20th%26%23xE9%3Brapeutique%20%28France%29%2C%20Durocher%20A.%20LCA-UE%2012%3A%20formation%20g%26%23xE9%3Bn%26%23xE9%3Brale%20%26%23xE0%3B%20la%20recherche%26%23x202F%3B%3A%20iECN%202016%2C%202017%2C%202018%26%23x202F%3B%3A%20cours%20%2B%20entra%26%23xEE%3Bnement.%20Paris%3A%20Med-Line%20%26%23xE9%3Bditions%3B%202015.%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%5Cn%20%20%20%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%5Cn%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%22%2C%22data%22%3A%7B%22itemType%22%3A%22book%22%2C%22title%22%3A%22LCA-UE%2012%3A%20formation%20g%5Cu00e9n%5Cu00e9rale%20%5Cu00e0%20la%20recherche%20%3A%20iECN%202016%2C%202017%2C%202018%20%3A%20cours%20%2B%20entra%5Cu00eenement%22%2C%22creators%22%3A%5B%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22name%22%3A%22Association%20p%5Cu00e9dagogique%20nationale%20pour%20l%27enseignement%20de%20la%20th%5Cu00e9rapeutique%20%28France%29%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Alain%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Durocher%22%7D%5D%2C%22abstractNote%22%3A%22%22%2C%22date%22%3A%222015%22%2C%22language%22%3A%22French%22%2C%22ISBN%22%3A%22978-2-84678-159-6%22%2C%22url%22%3A%22%22%2C%22collections%22%3A%5B%22GZG4LDJ6%22%5D%2C%22dateModified%22%3A%222021-01-11T12%3A12%3A28Z%22%7D%7D%2C%7B%22key%22%3A%22PPSJ93BI%22%2C%22library%22%3A%7B%22id%22%3A1093634%7D%2C%22meta%22%3A%7B%22creatorSummary%22%3A%22Mayer%20et%20al.%22%2C%22parsedDate%22%3A%222015-01-01%22%2C%22numChildren%22%3A0%7D%2C%22bib%22%3A%22%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-bib-body%5C%22%20style%3D%5C%22line-height%3A%201.35%3B%20%5C%22%3E%5Cn%20%20%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-entry%5C%22%20style%3D%5C%22clear%3A%20left%3B%20%5C%22%3E%5Cn%20%20%20%20%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-left-margin%5C%22%20style%3D%5C%22float%3A%20left%3B%20padding-right%3A%200.5em%3B%20text-align%3A%20right%3B%20width%3A%201em%3B%5C%22%3E1.%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-right-inline%5C%22%20style%3D%5C%22margin%3A%200%20.4em%200%201.5em%3B%5C%22%3EMayer%20B%2C%20Ring%20C%2C%20Muche%20R%2C%20Rothenbacher%20D%2C%20Schmidt-Stra%26%23xDF%3Bburger%20U.%20Creating%20a%20blended%20learning%20module%20in%20an%20online%20master%20study%20programme%20in%20oncology.%20Educ%20Health%20%5BInternet%5D.%202015%20Jan%201%3B28%281%29%3A101%26%23x2013%3B5.%20Available%20from%3A%20%3Ca%20class%3D%27zp-ItemURL%27%20href%3D%27http%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fwww.educationforhealth.net%5C%2Farticle.asp%3Fissn%3D1357-6283%3Byear%3D2015%3Bvolume%3D28%3Bissue%3D1%3Bspage%3D101%3Bepage%3D105%3Baulast%3DMayer%27%3Ehttp%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fwww.educationforhealth.net%5C%2Farticle.asp%3Fissn%3D1357-6283%3Byear%3D2015%3Bvolume%3D28%3Bissue%3D1%3Bspage%3D101%3Bepage%3D105%3Baulast%3DMayer%3C%5C%2Fa%3E%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%5Cn%20%20%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%5Cn%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%22%2C%22data%22%3A%7B%22itemType%22%3A%22journalArticle%22%2C%22title%22%3A%22Creating%20a%20blended%20learning%20module%20in%20an%20online%20master%20study%20programme%20in%20oncology%22%2C%22creators%22%3A%5B%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Benjamin%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Mayer%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Christina%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Ring%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Rainer%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Muche%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Dietrich%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Rothenbacher%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Uta%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Schmidt-Stra%5Cu00dfburger%22%7D%5D%2C%22abstractNote%22%3A%22Background%3A%20The%20medical%20faculty%20of%20Ulm%20University%20has%20launched%20the%20postgraduate%20master%20online%20study%20programme%20Advanced%20Oncology%20%28AO%29%20in%202010.%20We%20describe%20the%20challenges%20in%20developing%20an%20e-learning%20module%20using%20the%20example%20of%20a%20medical%20biometry%20course%2C%20focusing%20the%20implementation%20of%20the%20course%20material%20and%20our%20single-loop%20learning%20experience%20after%20the%20first%20students%20have%20finished%20and%20evaluated%20the%20lecture.%20Methods%3A%20Programme%20participants%20are%20qualified%20medical%20doctors%20and%20researchers%20in%20biomedical%20areas%20related%20to%20the%20field%20of%20oncology.%20The%20study%20programme%20provides%20the%20majority%20of%20lectures%20online%20via%20didactic%20videos%20accompanied%20by%20one-week%20attendance%20seminars.%20Supplementary%20learning%20materials%20include%20review%20articles%2C%20supportive%20reading%20material%2C%20multiple%20choice%20questions%2C%20and%20exercises%20for%20each%20unit.%20Lecture%20evaluations%20based%20on%20specific%20questions%20concerning%20learning%20environment%20and%20information%20learned%2C%20each%20measured%20on%20a%20five-point%20Likert%20scale.%20Results%3A%20Lecture%20videos%20were%20implemented%20following%20the%20classical%20triad%20of%20the%20didactic%20process%2C%20using%20oncological%20examples%20from%20practice%20to%20teach.%20The%20online%20tutorial%20support%20offered%20to%20students%20was%20hardly%20used%2C%20thus%20we%20enhanced%20faculty%20presence%20during%20the%20face-to-face%20seminars.%20Lecture%20evaluations%20improved%20after%20revising%20the%20learning%20material%20on%20the%20basis%20of%20the%20first%20AO%20student%20cohort%27s%20comments.%20Discussion%3A%20Developing%20and%20implementing%20an%20online%20study%20programme%20is%20challenging%20with%20respect%20of%20maximizing%20the%20information%20students%20learn%20due%20to%20limited%20opportunities%20for%20personal%20contact%20between%20lecturers%20and%20students.%20A%20more%20direct%20interaction%20of%20lecturers%20and%20students%20in%20a%20blended%20learning%20setting%20outperforms%20a%20mere%20web-based%20contact%20in%20terms%20of%20learning%20advantage%20and%20students%27%20satisfaction%2C%20especially%20for%20complex%20methodological%20content.%22%2C%22date%22%3A%22janvier%201%2C%202015%22%2C%22language%22%3A%22%22%2C%22DOI%22%3A%2210.4103%5C%2F1357-6283.161951%22%2C%22ISSN%22%3A%22%22%2C%22url%22%3A%22http%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fwww.educationforhealth.net%5C%2Farticle.asp%3Fissn%3D1357-6283%3Byear%3D2015%3Bvolume%3D28%3Bissue%3D1%3Bspage%3D101%3Bepage%3D105%3Baulast%3DMayer%22%2C%22collections%22%3A%5B%22GZG4LDJ6%22%5D%2C%22dateModified%22%3A%222021-01-11T12%3A12%3A28Z%22%7D%7D%2C%7B%22key%22%3A%22AYC2RAK4%22%2C%22library%22%3A%7B%22id%22%3A1093634%7D%2C%22meta%22%3A%7B%22parsedDate%22%3A%222015%22%2C%22numChildren%22%3A0%7D%2C%22bib%22%3A%22%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-bib-body%5C%22%20style%3D%5C%22line-height%3A%201.35%3B%20%5C%22%3E%5Cn%20%20%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-entry%5C%22%20style%3D%5C%22clear%3A%20left%3B%20%5C%22%3E%5Cn%20%20%20%20%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-left-margin%5C%22%20style%3D%5C%22float%3A%20left%3B%20padding-right%3A%200.5em%3B%20text-align%3A%20right%3B%20width%3A%201em%3B%5C%22%3E1.%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-right-inline%5C%22%20style%3D%5C%22margin%3A%200%20.4em%200%201.5em%3B%5C%22%3EEducation%20for%20Health%20%5BInternet%5D.%202015%3B28%281%29%3A101%26%23x2013%3B5.%20Available%20from%3A%20%3Ca%20class%3D%27zp-ItemURL%27%20href%3D%27http%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fwww.educationforhealth.net%5C%2Farticle.asp%3Fissn%3D1357-6283%3Byear%3D2015%3Bvolume%3D28%3Bissue%3D1%3Bspage%3D101%3Bepage%3D105%3Baulast%3DMayer%27%3Ehttp%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fwww.educationforhealth.net%5C%2Farticle.asp%3Fissn%3D1357-6283%3Byear%3D2015%3Bvolume%3D28%3Bissue%3D1%3Bspage%3D101%3Bepage%3D105%3Baulast%3DMayer%3C%5C%2Fa%3E%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%5Cn%20%20%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%5Cn%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%22%2C%22data%22%3A%7B%22itemType%22%3A%22journalArticle%22%2C%22title%22%3A%22%22%2C%22creators%22%3A%5B%5D%2C%22abstractNote%22%3A%22%3Cb%3EBackground%3A%3C%5C%2Fb%3E%20The%20medical%20faculty%20of%20Ulm%20University%20has%20launched%20the%20postgraduate%20master%20online%20study%20programme%20Advanced%20Oncology%20%28AO%29%20in%202010.%20We%20describe%20the%20challenges%20in%20developing%20an%20e-learning%20module%20using%20the%20example%20of%20a%20medical%20biometry%20course%2C%20focusing%20the%20implementation%20of%20the%20course%20material%20and%20our%20single-loop%20learning%20experience%20after%20the%20first%20students%20have%20finished%20and%20evaluated%20the%20lecture.%20%3Cb%3EMethods%3A%3C%5C%2Fb%3E%20Programme%20participants%20are%20qualified%20medical%20doctors%20and%20researchers%20in%20biomedical%20areas%20related%20to%20the%20field%20of%20oncology.%20The%20study%20programme%20provides%20the%20majority%20of%20lectures%20online%20via%20didactic%20videos%20accompanied%20by%20one-week%20attendance%20seminars.%20Supplementary%20learning%20materials%20include%20review%20articles%2C%20supportive%20reading%20material%2C%20multiple%20choice%20questions%2C%20and%20exercises%20for%20each%20unit.%20Lecture%20evaluations%20based%20on%20specific%20questions%20concerning%20learning%20environment%20and%20information%20learned%2C%20each%20measured%20on%20a%20five-point%20Likert%20scale.%20%3Cb%3EResults%3A%3C%5C%2Fb%3E%20Lecture%20videos%20were%20implemented%20following%20the%20classical%20triad%20of%20the%20didactic%20process%2C%20using%20oncological%20examples%20from%20practice%20to%20teach.%20The%20online%20tutorial%20support%20offered%20to%20students%20was%20hardly%20used%2C%20thus%20we%20enhanced%20faculty%20presence%20during%20the%20face-to-face%20seminars.%20Lecture%20evaluations%20improved%20after%20revising%20the%20learning%20material%20on%20the%20basis%20of%20the%20first%20AO%20student%20cohort%27s%20comments.%20%3Cb%3EDiscussion%3A%3C%5C%2Fb%3E%20Developing%20and%20implementing%20an%20online%20study%20programme%20is%20challenging%20with%20respect%20of%20maximizing%20the%20information%20students%20learn%20due%20to%20limited%20opportunities%20for%20personal%20contact%20between%20lecturers%20and%20students.%20A%20more%20direct%20interaction%20of%20lecturers%20and%20students%20in%20a%20blended%20learning%20setting%20outperforms%20a%20mere%20web-based%20contact%20in%20terms%20of%20learning%20advantage%20and%20students%27%20satisfaction%2C%20especially%20for%20complex%20methodological%20content.%22%2C%22date%22%3A%222015%22%2C%22language%22%3A%22%22%2C%22DOI%22%3A%22%22%2C%22ISSN%22%3A%22%22%2C%22url%22%3A%22http%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fwww.educationforhealth.net%5C%2Farticle.asp%3Fissn%3D1357-6283%3Byear%3D2015%3Bvolume%3D28%3Bissue%3D1%3Bspage%3D101%3Bepage%3D105%3Baulast%3DMayer%22%2C%22collections%22%3A%5B%5D%2C%22dateModified%22%3A%222021-01-11T12%3A12%3A28Z%22%7D%7D%2C%7B%22key%22%3A%22QFZWFDG4%22%2C%22library%22%3A%7B%22id%22%3A1093634%7D%2C%22meta%22%3A%7B%22creatorSummary%22%3A%22Moak%20et%20al.%22%2C%22parsedDate%22%3A%222014-07%22%2C%22numChildren%22%3A1%7D%2C%22bib%22%3A%22%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-bib-body%5C%22%20style%3D%5C%22line-height%3A%201.35%3B%20%5C%22%3E%5Cn%20%20%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-entry%5C%22%20style%3D%5C%22clear%3A%20left%3B%20%5C%22%3E%5Cn%20%20%20%20%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-left-margin%5C%22%20style%3D%5C%22float%3A%20left%3B%20padding-right%3A%200.5em%3B%20text-align%3A%20right%3B%20width%3A%201em%3B%5C%22%3E1.%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-right-inline%5C%22%20style%3D%5C%22margin%3A%200%20.4em%200%201.5em%3B%5C%22%3EMoak%20JH%2C%20Larese%20SR%2C%20Riordan%20JP%2C%20Sudhir%20A%2C%20Yan%20G.%20Training%20in%20transvaginal%20sonography%20using%20pelvic%20ultrasound%20simulators%20versus%20live%20models%3A%20a%20randomized%20controlled%20trial.%20Acad%20Med.%202014%20Jul%3B89%287%29%3A1063%26%23x2013%3B8.%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%5Cn%20%20%20%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%5Cn%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%22%2C%22data%22%3A%7B%22itemType%22%3A%22journalArticle%22%2C%22title%22%3A%22Training%20in%20transvaginal%20sonography%20using%20pelvic%20ultrasound%20simulators%20versus%20live%20models%3A%20a%20randomized%20controlled%20trial%22%2C%22creators%22%3A%5B%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22James%20H.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Moak%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Shannon%20R.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Larese%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22John%20P.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Riordan%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Amita%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Sudhir%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Guofen%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Yan%22%7D%5D%2C%22abstractNote%22%3A%22PURPOSE%3A%20To%20compare%20pelvic%20ultrasound%20simulators%20%28PSs%29%20with%20live%20models%20%28LMs%29%20for%20training%20in%20transvaginal%20sonography%20%28TVS%29.%5CnMETHOD%3A%20The%20authors%20conducted%20a%20prospective%2C%20randomized%20controlled%20trial%20of%20145%20eligible%20medical%20students%20trained%20in%20TVS%20in%202011-2012%20with%20either%20a%20PS%20or%20an%20LM.%20A%20patient%20educator%20was%20used%20for%20LM%20training.%20Simulated%20intrauterine%20and%20ectopic%20pregnancy%20models%20were%20used%20for%20PS%20training.%20Students%20were%20tested%20using%20a%20standardized%20patient%20who%20evaluated%20their%20professionalism.%20A%20proctor%2C%20blinded%20to%20training%20type%2C%20scored%20their%20scanning%20technique.%20Digital%20images%20were%20saved%20for%20blinded%20review.%20Students%20rated%20their%20training%20using%20a%20Likert%20scale%20%280%20%3D%20not%20very%20well%3B%2010%20%3D%20very%20well%29.%20The%20primary%20outcome%20measure%20was%20students%27%20overall%20performance%20on%20a%2040-point%20assessment%20tool%20for%20professionalism%2C%20scanning%20technique%2C%20and%20image%20acquisition.%20Poisson%20regression%20and%20Student%20t%20test%20were%20used%20for%20comparisons.%5CnRESULTS%3A%20A%20total%20of%20134%20students%20participated%20%2862%20trained%20using%20a%20PS%3B%2072%20using%20an%20LM%29.%20Mean%20overall%20test%20scores%20were%2056%25%20for%20the%20PS%20group%20and%2069%25%20for%20the%20LM%20group%20%28P%20%3D%20.001%29.%20A%20significant%20difference%20was%20identified%20in%20scanning%20technique%20%28PS%2C%2060%25%20versus%20LM%2C%2073%25%3B%20P%20%3D%20.001%29%20and%20image%20acquisition%20%28PS%2C%2037%25%20versus%20LM%2C%2059%25%3B%20P%20%3D%20.001%29.%20None%20was%20observed%20for%20professionalism.%20The%20PS%20group%20rated%20their%20training%20experience%20at%204.4%2C%20whereas%20the%20LM%20group%20rated%20theirs%20at%206.2%20%28P%20%3C%20.001%29.%5CnCONCLUSIONS%3A%20Simulators%20do%20not%20perform%20as%20well%20as%20LMs%20for%20training%20novices%20in%20TVS%2C%20but%20they%20may%20be%20useful%20as%20an%20adjunct%20to%20LM%20training.%22%2C%22date%22%3A%22Jul%202014%22%2C%22language%22%3A%22ENG%22%2C%22DOI%22%3A%2210.1097%5C%2FACM.0000000000000294%22%2C%22ISSN%22%3A%221938-808X%22%2C%22url%22%3A%22%22%2C%22collections%22%3A%5B%22L242WUL9%22%5D%2C%22dateModified%22%3A%222021-01-11T12%3A12%3A28Z%22%7D%7D%2C%7B%22key%22%3A%2243WYMU2K%22%2C%22library%22%3A%7B%22id%22%3A1093634%7D%2C%22meta%22%3A%7B%22creatorSummary%22%3A%22Dorton%20et%20al.%22%2C%22parsedDate%22%3A%222014-01%22%2C%22numChildren%22%3A1%7D%2C%22bib%22%3A%22%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-bib-body%5C%22%20style%3D%5C%22line-height%3A%201.35%3B%20%5C%22%3E%5Cn%20%20%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-entry%5C%22%20style%3D%5C%22clear%3A%20left%3B%20%5C%22%3E%5Cn%20%20%20%20%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-left-margin%5C%22%20style%3D%5C%22float%3A%20left%3B%20padding-right%3A%200.5em%3B%20text-align%3A%20right%3B%20width%3A%201em%3B%5C%22%3E1.%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-right-inline%5C%22%20style%3D%5C%22margin%3A%200%20.4em%200%201.5em%3B%5C%22%3EDorton%20LH%2C%20Lintzenich%20CR%2C%20Evans%20AK.%20Simulation%20model%20for%20tracheotomy%20education%20for%20primary%20health-care%20providers.%20Ann%20Otol%20Rhinol%20Laryngol.%202014%20Jan%3B123%281%29%3A11%26%23x2013%3B8.%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%5Cn%20%20%20%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%5Cn%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%22%2C%22data%22%3A%7B%22itemType%22%3A%22journalArticle%22%2C%22title%22%3A%22Simulation%20model%20for%20tracheotomy%20education%20for%20primary%20health-care%20providers%22%2C%22creators%22%3A%5B%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22LeighAnne%20H.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Dorton%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Catherine%20Rees%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Lintzenich%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Adele%20K.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Evans%22%7D%5D%2C%22abstractNote%22%3A%22OBJECTIVES%3A%20We%20performed%20this%20study%20to%20evaluate%20the%20competency%20of%20health-care%20providers%20managing%20patients%20with%20tracheotomies%2C%20and%20assess%20the%20need%20for%2C%20and%20efficacy%20of%2C%20a%20multidisciplinary%20educational%20program%20incorporating%20patient%20simulation.%5CnMETHODS%3A%20The%20prospective%20observational%20study%20included%2087%20subjects%20who%20manage%20patients%20with%20tracheotomies%20within%20a%20tertiary-care%20hospital.%20The%20subjects%20completed%20self-assessment%20questionnaires%20and%20objective%20multiple-choice%20tests%20before%20and%20after%20attending%20a%20comprehensive%20educational%20course%20using%20patient%20simulation.%20The%20outcome%20measurements%20included%20pre-course%20and%20post-course%20questionnaire%20and%20test%20scores%2C%20as%20well%20as%20observational%20data%20collected%20during%20recorded%20patient%20simulation%20sessions.%5CnRESULTS%3A%20Before%20the%20education%20and%20simulation%2C%20the%20subjects%20reported%20an%20average%20comfort%20level%20of%203.3%20on%20a%205-point%20Likert%20scale%20across%2010%20categories%20in%20the%20questionnaire%2C%20which%20improved%20to%204.4%20after%20the%20training%20%28p%20%3C%200.0001%29.%20The%20subjects%27%20mean%20scores%20improved%20from%2056%25%20on%20the%20pre-course%20test%20to%2091%25%20on%20the%20post-course%20test%20%28p%20%3C%200.0001%29.%20The%20specific%20deficiencies%20observed%20during%20patient%20simulation%20scenarios%20included%20unfamiliarity%20with%20different%20tracheotomy%20tube%20types%2C%20misunderstanding%20of%20speaking%20valve%20physiology%2C%20and%20delayed%20recognition%20and%20treatment%20of%20a%20plugged%20or%20dislodged%20tracheotomy%20tube.%5CnCONCLUSIONS%3A%20There%20is%20a%20significant%20need%20for%20improved%20tracheotomy%20education%20among%20primary%20health-care%20providers.%20Incorporating%20patient%20simulation%20into%20a%20comprehensive%20tracheotomy%20educational%20program%20was%20effective%20in%20improving%20provider%20confidence%2C%20increasing%20provider%20knowledge%2C%20and%20teaching%20the%20skills%20necessary%20for%20managing%20patients%20with%20a%20tracheotomy.%22%2C%22date%22%3A%22Jan%202014%22%2C%22language%22%3A%22ENG%22%2C%22DOI%22%3A%2210.1177%5C%2F0003489414521144%22%2C%22ISSN%22%3A%220003-4894%22%2C%22url%22%3A%22%22%2C%22collections%22%3A%5B%22L242WUL9%22%5D%2C%22dateModified%22%3A%222021-01-11T12%3A12%3A28Z%22%7D%7D%2C%7B%22key%22%3A%22EAQI67FZ%22%2C%22library%22%3A%7B%22id%22%3A1093634%7D%2C%22meta%22%3A%7B%22creatorSummary%22%3A%22Sukalich%20et%20al.%22%2C%22parsedDate%22%3A%222014-01%22%2C%22numChildren%22%3A1%7D%2C%22bib%22%3A%22%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-bib-body%5C%22%20style%3D%5C%22line-height%3A%201.35%3B%20%5C%22%3E%5Cn%20%20%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-entry%5C%22%20style%3D%5C%22clear%3A%20left%3B%20%5C%22%3E%5Cn%20%20%20%20%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-left-margin%5C%22%20style%3D%5C%22float%3A%20left%3B%20padding-right%3A%200.5em%3B%20text-align%3A%20right%3B%20width%3A%201em%3B%5C%22%3E1.%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-right-inline%5C%22%20style%3D%5C%22margin%3A%200%20.4em%200%201.5em%3B%5C%22%3ESukalich%20S%2C%20Elliott%20JO%2C%20Ruffner%20G.%20Teaching%20medical%20error%20disclosure%20to%20residents%20using%20patient-centered%20simulation%20training.%20Acad%20Med.%202014%20Jan%3B89%281%29%3A136%26%23x2013%3B43.%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%5Cn%20%20%20%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%5Cn%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%22%2C%22data%22%3A%7B%22itemType%22%3A%22journalArticle%22%2C%22title%22%3A%22Teaching%20medical%20error%20disclosure%20to%20residents%20using%20patient-centered%20simulation%20training%22%2C%22creators%22%3A%5B%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Sara%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Sukalich%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22John%20O.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Elliott%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Gina%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Ruffner%22%7D%5D%2C%22abstractNote%22%3A%22PURPOSE%3A%20To%20determine%20whether%20a%20standardized%20patient%20encounter%20and%20self-guided%20tutorial%20would%20improve%20first-year%20residents%27%20self-efficacy%20for%20disclosing%20medical%20errors.%5CnMETHOD%3A%20In%202011%2C%2055%20first-year%20residents%20participated%20in%20a%20simulation%20in%20which%20they%20disclosed%20an%20error%20to%20a%20standardized%20patient%20playing%20the%20part%20of%20a%20family%20member.%20Residents%20completed%20the%20simulation%20twice%2C%20four%20weeks%20apart%2C%20and%20completed%20presession%20knowledge%20and%20self-efficacy%20%28based%20on%20the%20Accreditation%20Council%20for%20Graduate%20Medical%20Education%20%5BACGME%5D%20core%20competencies%29%20assessments%20and%20repeated%20the%20self-efficacy%20assessment%20after%20the%20sessions.%20Residents%20reviewed%20the%20videos%20of%20their%20encounters%20either%20alone%20%28self-debrief%29%20or%20with%20a%20faculty%20observer%20%28faculty%20debrief%29.%20Between%20sessions%2C%20they%20completed%20a%20self-paced%20learning%20tutorial.%20Two%20external%20faculty%20also%20rated%20the%20residents%27%20performances%20using%20videos%20of%20the%20encounters.%5CnRESULTS%3A%20Residents%27%20self-efficacy%20significantly%20increased%20from%20a%20Session%201%20pretest%20mean%20%28standard%20deviation%29%20score%20of%20119.6%20%2826.6%29%20to%20a%20Session%202%20posttest%20score%20of%20150.3%20%2824.9%29%20for%20all%20ACGME%20competencies%20%28P%20%3C%20.001%2C%20Cohen%27s%20d%20%3D%201.19%29.%20The%20external%20reviewers%27%20ratings%20provided%20additional%2C%20objective%20support%20for%20residents%27%20improvement%20on%20questions%20assessing%20ACGME%20competencies%20%28P%20%3D%20.001%29.%20Comparisons%20of%20the%20self-efficacy%20of%20residents%20in%20the%20self-debrief%20versus%20faculty%20debrief%20groups%20yielded%20no%20significant%20differences%20on%20any%20ACGME%20competencies.%5CnCONCLUSIONS%3A%20Timely%2C%20explicit%2C%20and%20empathetic%20disclosure%20of%20medical%20errors%20to%20patients%20and%20family%20is%20essential%20to%20maintaining%20trust%20and%20is%20an%20important%20part%20of%20patient-centered%20medical%20care.%20This%20intervention%20easily%20could%20be%20replicated%20in%20other%20settings%20and%20is%20applicable%20to%20many%20members%20of%20the%20health%20care%20team%2C%20not%20just%20to%20residents.%22%2C%22date%22%3A%22Jan%202014%22%2C%22language%22%3A%22ENG%22%2C%22DOI%22%3A%2210.1097%5C%2FACM.0000000000000046%22%2C%22ISSN%22%3A%221938-808X%22%2C%22url%22%3A%22%22%2C%22collections%22%3A%5B%22L242WUL9%22%5D%2C%22dateModified%22%3A%222021-01-11T12%3A12%3A28Z%22%7D%7D%2C%7B%22key%22%3A%2292DKLXA8%22%2C%22library%22%3A%7B%22id%22%3A1093634%7D%2C%22meta%22%3A%7B%22creatorSummary%22%3A%22Prislin%20et%20al.%22%2C%22parsedDate%22%3A%221998-05%22%2C%22numChildren%22%3A1%7D%2C%22bib%22%3A%22%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-bib-body%5C%22%20style%3D%5C%22line-height%3A%201.35%3B%20%5C%22%3E%5Cn%20%20%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-entry%5C%22%20style%3D%5C%22clear%3A%20left%3B%20%5C%22%3E%5Cn%20%20%20%20%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-left-margin%5C%22%20style%3D%5C%22float%3A%20left%3B%20padding-right%3A%200.5em%3B%20text-align%3A%20right%3B%20width%3A%201em%3B%5C%22%3E1.%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-right-inline%5C%22%20style%3D%5C%22margin%3A%200%20.4em%200%201.5em%3B%5C%22%3EPrislin%20MD%2C%20Fitzpatrick%20CF%2C%20Lie%20D%2C%20Giglio%20M%2C%20Radecki%20S%2C%20Lewis%20E.%20Use%20of%20an%20objective%20structured%20clinical%20examination%20in%20evaluating%20student%20performance.%20Fam%20Med.%201998%20May%3B30%285%29%3A338%26%23x2013%3B44.%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%5Cn%20%20%20%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%5Cn%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%22%2C%22data%22%3A%7B%22itemType%22%3A%22journalArticle%22%2C%22title%22%3A%22Use%20of%20an%20objective%20structured%20clinical%20examination%20in%20evaluating%20student%20performance%22%2C%22creators%22%3A%5B%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22M.%20D.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Prislin%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22C.%20F.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Fitzpatrick%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22D.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Lie%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22M.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Giglio%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22S.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Radecki%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22E.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Lewis%22%7D%5D%2C%22abstractNote%22%3A%22BACKGROUND%20AND%20OBJECTIVES%3A%20The%20objective%20structured%20clinical%20exam%20%28OSCE%29%20is%20increasingly%20being%20used%20to%20evaluate%20student%20clinical%20performance.%20However%2C%20scant%20literature%20exists%20pertinent%20to%20this%20approach%20in%20evaluating%20family%20medicine%20clerkship%20performance.%20In%20this%20study%2C%20we%20assess%208%20years%27%20experience%20with%20a%20family%20medicine%20clerkship%20OSCE.%5CnMETHODS%3A%20Eight%20annual%20clerkship%20OSCEs%20and%20the%20performance%20of%20696%20students%20are%20described.%20Comparisons%20of%20faculty%20evaluation%2C%20written%20exam%2C%20and%20OSCE%20performance%20are%20made%20for%20335%20students.%20Post-OSCE%20student%20and%20faculty%20feedback%20regarding%20OSCE%20validity%20and%20utility%20is%20also%20presented.%5CnRESULTS%3A%20Student%20performance%20is%20highest%20in%20medical%20history%20taking%20and%20physical%20examination%20and%20lowest%20in%20information-sharing%20stations.%20OSCE%20results%20appear%20to%20be%20relatively%20consistent%20on%20a%20year-to-year%20basis.%20OSCE%2C%20faculty%20evaluation%2C%20and%20written%20exam%20results%20have%20low%20overall%20levels%20of%20correlation%2C%20particularly%20in%20assessing%20performance%20that%20differs%20substantially%20from%20the%20mean.%20Students%20and%20faculty%20agree%20that%20the%20OSCE%20experience%20reflects%20skills%20that%20students%20should%20possess%2C%20but%20there%20is%20less%20agreement%20that%20the%20OSCE%20reflects%20clerkship-related%20learning%20and%20actual%20student%20performance.%20Both%20students%20and%20faculty%20derive%20insight%20from%20the%20OSCE%20regarding%20the%20definition%20of%20specific%20learning%20needs.%5CnCONCLUSIONS%3A%20The%20family%20medicine%20clerkship%20OSCE%20we%20describe%20appears%20to%20provide%20consistent%20measures%20of%20student%20performance.%20Although%20content%20validity%20is%20high%2C%20further%20assessment%20is%20needed%20to%20assure%20construct%20validity.%20The%20OSCE%20experience%20provides%20students%20with%20a%20rich%20resource%20for%20defining%20clerkship-related%20learning%20needs.%20Study%20results%20strongly%20suggest%20that%20OSCEs%2C%20faculty%20evaluations%2C%20and%20written%20exams%20provide%20differing%20measures%20of%20student%20performance.%20The%20reasons%20for%20these%20differences%20merit%20further%20exploration.%22%2C%22date%22%3A%22May%201998%22%2C%22language%22%3A%22ENG%22%2C%22DOI%22%3A%22%22%2C%22ISSN%22%3A%220742-3225%22%2C%22url%22%3A%22%22%2C%22collections%22%3A%5B%22L242WUL9%22%5D%2C%22dateModified%22%3A%222021-01-11T12%3A12%3A27Z%22%7D%7D%2C%7B%22key%22%3A%22RMIFP94K%22%2C%22library%22%3A%7B%22id%22%3A1093634%7D%2C%22meta%22%3A%7B%22creatorSummary%22%3A%22Harris%20and%20Sun%22%2C%22parsedDate%22%3A%222013-09%22%2C%22numChildren%22%3A1%7D%2C%22bib%22%3A%22%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-bib-body%5C%22%20style%3D%5C%22line-height%3A%201.35%3B%20%5C%22%3E%5Cn%20%20%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-entry%5C%22%20style%3D%5C%22clear%3A%20left%3B%20%5C%22%3E%5Cn%20%20%20%20%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-left-margin%5C%22%20style%3D%5C%22float%3A%20left%3B%20padding-right%3A%200.5em%3B%20text-align%3A%20right%3B%20width%3A%201em%3B%5C%22%3E1.%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-right-inline%5C%22%20style%3D%5C%22margin%3A%200%20.4em%200%201.5em%3B%5C%22%3EHarris%20JM%2C%20Sun%20H.%20A%20randomized%20trial%20of%20two%20e-learning%20strategies%20for%20teaching%20substance%20abuse%20management%20skills%20to%20physicians.%20Acad%20Med.%202013%20Sep%3B88%289%29%3A1357%26%23x2013%3B62.%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%5Cn%20%20%20%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%5Cn%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%22%2C%22data%22%3A%7B%22itemType%22%3A%22journalArticle%22%2C%22title%22%3A%22A%20randomized%20trial%20of%20two%20e-learning%20strategies%20for%20teaching%20substance%20abuse%20management%20skills%20to%20physicians%22%2C%22creators%22%3A%5B%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22John%20M.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Harris%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Huaping%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Sun%22%7D%5D%2C%22abstractNote%22%3A%22PURPOSE%3A%20To%20compare%20the%20educational%20effectiveness%20of%20two%20virtual%20patient%20%28VP%29-based%20e-learning%20strategies%2C%20versus%20no%20training%2C%20in%20improving%20physicians%27%20substance%20abuse%20management%20knowledge%2C%20attitudes%2C%20self-reported%20behaviors%2C%20and%20decision%20making.%5CnMETHOD%3A%20The%202011-2012%20study%20was%20a%20posttest-only%2C%20three-arm%2C%20randomized%20controlled%20trial%20in%2090%20resident%20and%2030%20faculty%20physicians%20from%20five%20adult%20medicine%20primary%20care%20training%20programs.%20The%20intervention%20was%20one%20of%20two%202-hour%20VP-based%20e-learning%20programs%2C%20designed%20by%20national%20experts%20to%20teach%20structured%20screening%2C%20brief%20interventions%2C%20referral%2C%20and%20treatment%20skills.%20One%20used%20traditional%20problem%20solving%20with%20feedback%20%28unworked%20example%29%2C%20and%20the%20other%20incorporated%20an%20expert%20demonstration%20first%2C%20followed%20by%20problem%20solving%20with%20feedback%20%28worked%20example%29.%20The%20main%20outcome%20measure%20was%20performance%20on%20the%20Physicians%27%20Competence%20in%20Substance%20Abuse%20Test%20%28P-CSAT%2C%20maximum%20score%20%3D%20315%29%2C%20a%20self-administered%2C%20previously%20validated%20measure%20of%20physicians%27%20competence%20in%20managing%20substance%20abuse.%20The%20survey%20was%20completed%20at%20the%20outset%20of%20the%20study%20and%20two%20months%20later.%5CnRESULTS%3A%20Overall%20P-CSAT%20scores%20were%20virtually%20identical%20%28202-211%2C%20P%20%3E%20.05%29%20between%20both%20intervention%20groups%20and%20the%20no-training%20control%20group%20at%20both%20times.%20Average%20faculty%20P-CSAT%20scores%20%28221.9%2C%20224.6%29%20were%20significantly%20higher%20%28P%20%3C%20.01%29%20than%20resident%20scores%20%28203.7%2C%20202.5%29%20at%20both%20times.%5CnCONCLUSIONS%3A%20This%20study%20did%20not%20provide%20evidence%20that%20a%20brief%2C%20worked%20example%2C%20VP-based%20e-learning%20program%20or%20a%20traditional%2C%20unworked%2C%20VP-based%20e-learning%20program%20was%20superior%20to%20no%20training%20in%20improving%20physicians%27%20substance%20abuse%20management%20skills.%20The%20study%20did%20provide%20additional%20evidence%20that%20the%20P-CSAT%20distinguishes%20between%20physicians%20who%20should%20possess%20different%20levels%20of%20substance%20abuse%20management%20skills.%22%2C%22date%22%3A%22Sep%202013%22%2C%22language%22%3A%22ENG%22%2C%22DOI%22%3A%2210.1097%5C%2FACM.0b013e31829e7ec6%22%2C%22ISSN%22%3A%221938-808X%22%2C%22url%22%3A%22%22%2C%22collections%22%3A%5B%22L242WUL9%22%5D%2C%22dateModified%22%3A%222021-01-11T12%3A12%3A27Z%22%7D%7D%2C%7B%22key%22%3A%22BF457KG6%22%2C%22library%22%3A%7B%22id%22%3A1093634%7D%2C%22meta%22%3A%7B%22creatorSummary%22%3A%22Brown%20et%20al.%22%2C%22parsedDate%22%3A%222010-11%22%2C%22numChildren%22%3A1%7D%2C%22bib%22%3A%22%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-bib-body%5C%22%20style%3D%5C%22line-height%3A%201.35%3B%20%5C%22%3E%5Cn%20%20%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-entry%5C%22%20style%3D%5C%22clear%3A%20left%3B%20%5C%22%3E%5Cn%20%20%20%20%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-left-margin%5C%22%20style%3D%5C%22float%3A%20left%3B%20padding-right%3A%200.5em%3B%20text-align%3A%20right%3B%20width%3A%201em%3B%5C%22%3E1.%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-right-inline%5C%22%20style%3D%5C%22margin%3A%200%20.4em%200%201.5em%3B%5C%22%3EBrown%20RS%2C%20Graham%20CL%2C%20Richeson%20N%2C%20Wu%20J%2C%20McDermott%20S.%20Evaluation%20of%20medical%20student%20performance%20on%20objective%20structured%20clinical%20exams%20with%20standardized%20patients%20with%20and%20without%20disabilities.%20Acad%20Med.%202010%20Nov%3B85%2811%29%3A1766%26%23x2013%3B71.%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%5Cn%20%20%20%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%5Cn%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%22%2C%22data%22%3A%7B%22itemType%22%3A%22journalArticle%22%2C%22title%22%3A%22Evaluation%20of%20medical%20student%20performance%20on%20objective%20structured%20clinical%20exams%20with%20standardized%20patients%20with%20and%20without%20disabilities%22%2C%22creators%22%3A%5B%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Rachel%20S.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Brown%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Catherine%20Leigh%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Graham%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Nancy%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Richeson%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Junlong%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Wu%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Suzanne%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22McDermott%22%7D%5D%2C%22abstractNote%22%3A%22PURPOSE%3A%20To%20investigate%20whether%20medical%20students%27%20performance%20on%20a%20family%20medicine%20clerkship%20objective%20structured%20clinical%20exam%20%28OSCE%29%20differed%20when%20the%20standardized%20patient%20%28SP%29%20had%20a%20disability%20versus%20when%20the%20SP%20did%20not%20have%20a%20disability.%5CnMETHOD%3A%20SPs%20with%20spinal%20cord%20injury%20%28SP-SCI%29%2C%20SPs%20with%20intellectual%20disability%20%28SP-ID%29%2C%20and%20SPs%20without%20a%20disability%20participated%20separately%20in%20two%20OSCE%20scenarios%20that%20were%20administered%20by%20the%20University%20of%20South%20Carolina%20School%20of%20Medicine%27s%20Department%20of%20Family%20and%20Preventive%20Medicine%20from%202007%20to%202009.%20OSCE%20scores%20were%20determined%20based%20on%20the%20number%20of%20critical%20actions%20completed%20by%20the%20student%2C%20and%20scores%20were%20analyzed%20to%20determine%20differences%20among%20scenarios.%5CnRESULTS%3A%20Students%20scored%20lower%20in%20history%2C%20physical%20exam%2C%20lab%20tests%2C%20and%20interpersonal%20skills%20with%20an%20SP-SCI%2C%20and%20lower%20in%20history%2C%20physical%20exam%2C%20and%20lab%20tests%20with%20an%20SP-ID%20than%20did%20students%20interacting%20with%20SPs%20without%20a%20disability.%20The%20odds%20ratio%20for%20ordering%20a%20hemoglobin%20A1c%20in%20one%20scenario%20was%204.16%20times%20higher%20in%20cases%20when%20the%20SP%20did%20not%20have%20a%20disability%20%2895%25%20confidence%20interval%20%5BCI%5D%201.78-9.17%2C%20P%20%3D%20.001%29.%20In%20the%20second%20scenario%2C%20the%20odds%20ratio%20was%203.08%20times%20higher%20for%20ordering%20a%20urinalysis%20%2895%25%20CI%201.34-7.08%2C%20P%20%3D%20.006%29%20and%20was%202.15%20times%20higher%20for%20providing%20lifestyle%20counseling%20%2895%25%20CI%201.04-4.44%2C%20P%20%3D%20.038%29%20in%20students%20interacting%20with%20SPs%20without%20a%20disability.%5CnCONCLUSIONS%3A%20Students%20performed%20better%20when%20the%20SP%20did%20not%20have%20a%20disability.%20This%20suggests%20that%20greater%20emphasis%20should%20be%20placed%20on%20teaching%20appropriate%20care%20of%20patients%20with%20a%20disability.%22%2C%22date%22%3A%22Nov%202010%22%2C%22language%22%3A%22ENG%22%2C%22DOI%22%3A%2210.1097%5C%2FACM.0b013e3181f849dc%22%2C%22ISSN%22%3A%221938-808X%22%2C%22url%22%3A%22%22%2C%22collections%22%3A%5B%22L242WUL9%22%5D%2C%22dateModified%22%3A%222021-01-11T12%3A12%3A27Z%22%7D%7D%2C%7B%22key%22%3A%22D8EQEB5Z%22%2C%22library%22%3A%7B%22id%22%3A1093634%7D%2C%22meta%22%3A%7B%22creatorSummary%22%3A%22Fovet-Rabot%22%2C%22parsedDate%22%3A%222016-11-08%22%2C%22numChildren%22%3A1%7D%2C%22bib%22%3A%22%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-bib-body%5C%22%20style%3D%5C%22line-height%3A%201.35%3B%20%5C%22%3E%5Cn%20%20%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-entry%5C%22%20style%3D%5C%22clear%3A%20left%3B%20%5C%22%3E%5Cn%20%20%20%20%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-left-margin%5C%22%20style%3D%5C%22float%3A%20left%3B%20padding-right%3A%200.5em%3B%20text-align%3A%20right%3B%20width%3A%201em%3B%5C%22%3E1.%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-right-inline%5C%22%20style%3D%5C%22margin%3A%200%20.4em%200%201.5em%3B%5C%22%3EFovet-Rabot.%20Coop%26%23xE9%3Brer%20en%20information%20scientifique%20et%20technique.%202016%20%5Bcited%202016%20Nov%208%5D.%20Eviter%26%23xA0%3B%20les%26%23xA0%3B%20%26%23xE9%3Bditeurs%26%23xA0%3B%20pr%26%23xE9%3Bdateurs%26%23xA0%3B%20%28predatory%20publishers%29%2C%20en%204%20points.%20Available%20from%3A%20%3Ca%20class%3D%27zp-ItemURL%27%20href%3D%27http%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fcoop-ist.cirad.fr%5C%2Fcontent%5C%2Fdownload%5C%2F5719%5C%2F42223%5C%2Fversion%5C%2F1%5C%2Ffile%5C%2FCoopIST-editeurs-predateurs20150601.pdf%27%3Ehttp%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fcoop-ist.cirad.fr%5C%2Fcontent%5C%2Fdownload%5C%2F5719%5C%2F42223%5C%2Fversion%5C%2F1%5C%2Ffile%5C%2FCoopIST-editeurs-predateurs20150601.pdf%3C%5C%2Fa%3E%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%5Cn%20%20%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%5Cn%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%22%2C%22data%22%3A%7B%22itemType%22%3A%22webpage%22%2C%22title%22%3A%22Eviter%20%20les%20%20%5Cu00e9diteurs%20%20pr%5Cu00e9dateurs%20%20%28predatory%20publishers%29%2C%20en%204%20points%22%2C%22creators%22%3A%5B%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22name%22%3A%22Fovet-Rabot%22%7D%5D%2C%22abstractNote%22%3A%22%22%2C%22date%22%3A%222016-11-08%2015%3A08%3A38%22%2C%22url%22%3A%22http%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fcoop-ist.cirad.fr%5C%2Fcontent%5C%2Fdownload%5C%2F5719%5C%2F42223%5C%2Fversion%5C%2F1%5C%2Ffile%5C%2FCoopIST-editeurs-predateurs20150601.pdf%22%2C%22language%22%3A%22%22%2C%22collections%22%3A%5B%22GZG4LDJ6%22%5D%2C%22dateModified%22%3A%222021-01-11T12%3A12%3A26Z%22%7D%7D%2C%7B%22key%22%3A%22QXSZHKCT%22%2C%22library%22%3A%7B%22id%22%3A1093634%7D%2C%22meta%22%3A%7B%22creatorSummary%22%3A%22Bertignac%20et%20al.%22%2C%22parsedDate%22%3A%222016-11-08%22%2C%22numChildren%22%3A1%7D%2C%22bib%22%3A%22%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-bib-body%5C%22%20style%3D%5C%22line-height%3A%201.35%3B%20%5C%22%3E%5Cn%20%20%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-entry%5C%22%20style%3D%5C%22clear%3A%20left%3B%20%5C%22%3E%5Cn%20%20%20%20%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-left-margin%5C%22%20style%3D%5C%22float%3A%20left%3B%20padding-right%3A%200.5em%3B%20text-align%3A%20right%3B%20width%3A%201em%3B%5C%22%3E1.%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-right-inline%5C%22%20style%3D%5C%22margin%3A%200%20.4em%200%201.5em%3B%5C%22%3EBertignac%20C%2C%20Fouquet%20J%2C%20Marie%20E.%20La%20bibliom%26%23xE9%3Btrie%20%5BInternet%5D.%20Form%40doct.%202016%20%5Bcited%202016%20Nov%208%5D.%20Available%20from%3A%20%3Ca%20class%3D%27zp-ItemURL%27%20href%3D%27http%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fguides-formadoct.ueb.eu%5C%2Fbibliometrie%27%3Ehttp%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fguides-formadoct.ueb.eu%5C%2Fbibliometrie%3C%5C%2Fa%3E%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%5Cn%20%20%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%5Cn%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%22%2C%22data%22%3A%7B%22itemType%22%3A%22blogPost%22%2C%22title%22%3A%22La%20bibliom%5Cu00e9trie%22%2C%22creators%22%3A%5B%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Catherine%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Bertignac%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Josiane%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Fouquet%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Emilie%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Marie%22%7D%5D%2C%22abstractNote%22%3A%22Qu%27est-ce%20que%20la%20bibliom%5Cu00e9trie%3F%20quels%20sont%20les%20indicateurs%3F%20o%5Cu00f9%20les%20trouver%3F%20quelle%20importance%20pour%20un%20doctorant%20%3F%22%2C%22blogTitle%22%3A%22Form%40doct%22%2C%22date%22%3A%222016-11-08%2014%3A56%3A17%22%2C%22url%22%3A%22http%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fguides-formadoct.ueb.eu%5C%2Fbibliometrie%22%2C%22language%22%3A%22Fran%5Cu00e7ais%22%2C%22collections%22%3A%5B%22GZG4LDJ6%22%5D%2C%22dateModified%22%3A%222021-01-11T12%3A12%3A25Z%22%7D%7D%2C%7B%22key%22%3A%22QYENFJQI%22%2C%22library%22%3A%7B%22id%22%3A1093634%7D%2C%22meta%22%3A%7B%22creatorSummary%22%3A%22Catherine%20Bertignac%22%2C%22parsedDate%22%3A%222016-11-08%22%2C%22numChildren%22%3A1%7D%2C%22bib%22%3A%22%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-bib-body%5C%22%20style%3D%5C%22line-height%3A%201.35%3B%20%5C%22%3E%5Cn%20%20%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-entry%5C%22%20style%3D%5C%22clear%3A%20left%3B%20%5C%22%3E%5Cn%20%20%20%20%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-left-margin%5C%22%20style%3D%5C%22float%3A%20left%3B%20padding-right%3A%200.5em%3B%20text-align%3A%20right%3B%20width%3A%201em%3B%5C%22%3E1.%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-right-inline%5C%22%20style%3D%5C%22margin%3A%200%20.4em%200%201.5em%3B%5C%22%3ECatherine%20Bertignac%20JF.%20Formadoct.%20La%20bibliom%26%23xE9%3Btrie.%20Introduction.%20%5BInternet%5D.%202016%20%5Bcited%202016%20Nov%208%5D.%20Available%20from%3A%20%3Ca%20class%3D%27zp-ItemURL%27%20href%3D%27http%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fguides-formadoct.ueb.eu%5C%2Fbibliometrie%27%3Ehttp%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fguides-formadoct.ueb.eu%5C%2Fbibliometrie%3C%5C%2Fa%3E%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%5Cn%20%20%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%5Cn%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%22%2C%22data%22%3A%7B%22itemType%22%3A%22webpage%22%2C%22title%22%3A%22Formadoct.%20La%20bibliom%5Cu00e9trie.%20Introduction.%22%2C%22creators%22%3A%5B%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Josiane%20Fouquet%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Catherine%20Bertignac%22%7D%5D%2C%22abstractNote%22%3A%22Qu%27est-ce%20que%20la%20bibliom%5Cu00e9trie%3F%20quels%20sont%20les%20indicateurs%3F%20o%5Cu00f9%20les%20trouver%3F%20quelle%20importance%20pour%20un%20doctorant%20%3F%22%2C%22date%22%3A%222016-11-08%2014%3A55%3A50%22%2C%22url%22%3A%22http%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fguides-formadoct.ueb.eu%5C%2Fbibliometrie%22%2C%22language%22%3A%22en%22%2C%22collections%22%3A%5B%22GZG4LDJ6%22%5D%2C%22dateModified%22%3A%222021-01-11T12%3A12%3A24Z%22%7D%7D%2C%7B%22key%22%3A%2232ZUF66H%22%2C%22library%22%3A%7B%22id%22%3A1093634%7D%2C%22meta%22%3A%7B%22creatorSummary%22%3A%22BIUSant%5Cu00e9%22%2C%22parsedDate%22%3A%222016-01-20%22%2C%22numChildren%22%3A1%7D%2C%22bib%22%3A%22%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-bib-body%5C%22%20style%3D%5C%22line-height%3A%201.35%3B%20%5C%22%3E%5Cn%20%20%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-entry%5C%22%20style%3D%5C%22clear%3A%20left%3B%20%5C%22%3E%5Cn%20%20%20%20%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-left-margin%5C%22%20style%3D%5C%22float%3A%20left%3B%20padding-right%3A%200.5em%3B%20text-align%3A%20right%3B%20width%3A%201em%3B%5C%22%3E1.%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-right-inline%5C%22%20style%3D%5C%22margin%3A%200%20.4em%200%201.5em%3B%5C%22%3EBIUSant%26%23xE9%3B.%208%20questions%20sur%20SIGAPS%20et%20SAMPRA%20%5BInternet%5D.%20Le%20blog%20actualit%26%23xE9%3Bs%20de%20la%20BIU%20Sant%26%23xE9%3B.%202016%20%5Bcited%202016%20Nov%208%5D.%20Available%20from%3A%20%3Ca%20class%3D%27zp-ItemURL%27%20href%3D%27http%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fwww2.biusante.parisdescartes.fr%5C%2Fwordpress%5C%2Findex.php%5C%2Fsigaps-sampra%5C%2F%27%3Ehttp%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fwww2.biusante.parisdescartes.fr%5C%2Fwordpress%5C%2Findex.php%5C%2Fsigaps-sampra%5C%2F%3C%5C%2Fa%3E%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%5Cn%20%20%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%5Cn%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%22%2C%22data%22%3A%7B%22itemType%22%3A%22blogPost%22%2C%22title%22%3A%228%20questions%20sur%20SIGAPS%20et%20SAMPRA%22%2C%22creators%22%3A%5B%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22name%22%3A%22BIUSant%5Cu00e9%22%7D%5D%2C%22abstractNote%22%3A%22Les%20indicateurs%20bibliom%5Cu00e9triques%20sont%20de%20plus%20en%20plus%20utilis%5Cu00e9s%20pour%20%5Cu00e9valuer%20les%20%5Cu00e9quipes%20de%20recherche%20et%20d%5Cu00e9finir%20les%20strat%5Cu00e9gies%20de%20publication%20%5Cu00e0%20suivre.%20En%20France%20existe%20notamment%20SIGAPS%20%28pour%20%5Cu00ab%20syst%5Cu00e8me%20d%5Cu2019interrogation%2C%20de%20gestion%20et%20d%5Cu2019analyse%20des%20publications%20scientifiques%20%5Cu00bb%29%20qui%20recense%20les%20publications%20des%20m%5Cu00e9decins%20sur%20PubMed.%20Initi%5Cu00e9%20en%202002%2C%20ce%20projet%20va%20bient%5Cu00f4t%20%5Cu2026%20Continuer%20la%20lecture%20de%20%5Cu00ab%5Cu00a08%20questions%20sur%20SIGAPS%20et%20SAMPRA%5Cu00a0%5Cu00bb%22%2C%22blogTitle%22%3A%22Le%20blog%20actualit%5Cu00e9s%20de%20la%20BIU%20Sant%5Cu00e9%22%2C%22date%22%3A%222016-01-20T11%3A33%3A24%2B01%3A00%22%2C%22url%22%3A%22http%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fwww2.biusante.parisdescartes.fr%5C%2Fwordpress%5C%2Findex.php%5C%2Fsigaps-sampra%5C%2F%22%2C%22language%22%3A%22%22%2C%22collections%22%3A%5B%22GZG4LDJ6%22%5D%2C%22dateModified%22%3A%222021-01-11T12%3A12%3A23Z%22%7D%7D%2C%7B%22key%22%3A%22KTK33XPA%22%2C%22library%22%3A%7B%22id%22%3A1093634%7D%2C%22meta%22%3A%7B%22creatorSummary%22%3A%22Maisonneuve%22%2C%22parsedDate%22%3A%222016-11-08%22%2C%22numChildren%22%3A1%7D%2C%22bib%22%3A%22%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-bib-body%5C%22%20style%3D%5C%22line-height%3A%201.35%3B%20%5C%22%3E%5Cn%20%20%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-entry%5C%22%20style%3D%5C%22clear%3A%20left%3B%20%5C%22%3E%5Cn%20%20%20%20%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-left-margin%5C%22%20style%3D%5C%22float%3A%20left%3B%20padding-right%3A%200.5em%3B%20text-align%3A%20right%3B%20width%3A%201em%3B%5C%22%3E1.%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-right-inline%5C%22%20style%3D%5C%22margin%3A%200%20.4em%200%201.5em%3B%5C%22%3EMaisonneuve%20H.%20R%26%23xE9%3Bdaction%20M%26%23xE9%3Bdicale%20et%20Scientifique.%202016%20%5Bcited%202016%20Nov%208%5D.%20Que%20penser%20de%20Penelope%26%23x202F%3B%3F%20C%26%23x2019%3Best%20un%20site%20pour%20identifier%20les%20erreurs%20dans%20les%20manuscrits....%20bonne%20id%26%23xE9%3Be%2C%20mais%20utile%26%23x202F%3B%3F%20Available%20from%3A%20%3Ca%20class%3D%27zp-ItemURL%27%20href%3D%27http%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fwww.h2mw.eu%5C%2Fredactionmedicale%5C%2F2015%5C%2F11%5C%2Fque-penser-de-penelope-un-site-pour-identifier-les-erreurs-dans-les-manuscrits.html%27%3Ehttp%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fwww.h2mw.eu%5C%2Fredactionmedicale%5C%2F2015%5C%2F11%5C%2Fque-penser-de-penelope-un-site-pour-identifier-les-erreurs-dans-les-manuscrits.html%3C%5C%2Fa%3E%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%5Cn%20%20%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%5Cn%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%22%2C%22data%22%3A%7B%22itemType%22%3A%22webpage%22%2C%22title%22%3A%22Que%20penser%20de%20Penelope%20%3F%20C%27est%20un%20site%20pour%20identifier%20les%20erreurs%20dans%20les%20manuscrits....%20bonne%20id%5Cu00e9e%2C%20mais%20utile%20%3F%22%2C%22creators%22%3A%5B%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Herv%5Cu00e9%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Maisonneuve%22%7D%5D%2C%22abstractNote%22%3A%22%22%2C%22date%22%3A%222016-11-08%2013%3A49%3A54%22%2C%22url%22%3A%22http%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fwww.h2mw.eu%5C%2Fredactionmedicale%5C%2F2015%5C%2F11%5C%2Fque-penser-de-penelope-un-site-pour-identifier-les-erreurs-dans-les-manuscrits.html%22%2C%22language%22%3A%22%22%2C%22collections%22%3A%5B%22GZG4LDJ6%22%5D%2C%22dateModified%22%3A%222021-01-11T12%3A12%3A22Z%22%7D%7D%2C%7B%22key%22%3A%226274UDHE%22%2C%22library%22%3A%7B%22id%22%3A1093634%7D%2C%22meta%22%3A%7B%22creatorSummary%22%3A%22Coulon%20and%20Piette%22%2C%22parsedDate%22%3A%222008-11-20%22%2C%22numChildren%22%3A2%7D%2C%22bib%22%3A%22%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-bib-body%5C%22%20style%3D%5C%22line-height%3A%201.35%3B%20%5C%22%3E%5Cn%20%20%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-entry%5C%22%20style%3D%5C%22clear%3A%20left%3B%20%5C%22%3E%5Cn%20%20%20%20%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-left-margin%5C%22%20style%3D%5C%22float%3A%20left%3B%20padding-right%3A%200.5em%3B%20text-align%3A%20right%3B%20width%3A%201em%3B%5C%22%3E1.%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-right-inline%5C%22%20style%3D%5C%22margin%3A%200%20.4em%200%201.5em%3B%5C%22%3ECoulon%20JP%2C%20Piette%20E.%20Aphtes%20banals%2C%20aphtose%20buccale%20r%26%23xE9%3Bcidivante%20et%20maladie%20de%20Beh%26%23xE7%3Bet.%20https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fwww-em--premium-com.frodon-biusante.parisdescartes.fr%5C%2Fdata%5C%2Ftraites%5C%2Fmb%5C%2F28-53228%5C%2F%20%5BInternet%5D.%202008%20Nov%2020%20%5Bcited%202016%20Nov%208%5D%3B%20Available%20from%3A%20%3Ca%20class%3D%27zp-ItemURL%27%20href%3D%27https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fwww-em--premium-com.frodon-biusante.parisdescartes.fr%5C%2Farticle%5C%2F189348%5C%2Fresultatrecherche%5C%2F5%27%3Ehttps%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fwww-em--premium-com.frodon-biusante.parisdescartes.fr%5C%2Farticle%5C%2F189348%5C%2Fresultatrecherche%5C%2F5%3C%5C%2Fa%3E%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%5Cn%20%20%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%5Cn%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%22%2C%22data%22%3A%7B%22itemType%22%3A%22journalArticle%22%2C%22title%22%3A%22Aphtes%20banals%2C%20aphtose%20buccale%20r%5Cu00e9cidivante%20et%20maladie%20de%20Beh%5Cu00e7et%22%2C%22creators%22%3A%5B%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22J.-P.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Coulon%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22E.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Piette%22%7D%5D%2C%22abstractNote%22%3A%22M%5Cu00e9decine%20buccale%20-%2028-280-V-10%22%2C%22date%22%3A%2220%5C%2F11%5C%2F2008%22%2C%22language%22%3A%22fr%22%2C%22DOI%22%3A%22%22%2C%22ISSN%22%3A%221877-7864%22%2C%22url%22%3A%22https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fwww-em--premium-com.frodon-biusante.parisdescartes.fr%5C%2Farticle%5C%2F189348%5C%2Fresultatrecherche%5C%2F5%22%2C%22collections%22%3A%5B%5D%2C%22dateModified%22%3A%222021-01-11T12%3A12%3A18Z%22%7D%7D%2C%7B%22key%22%3A%2232CUPJTC%22%2C%22library%22%3A%7B%22id%22%3A1093634%7D%2C%22meta%22%3A%7B%22creatorSummary%22%3A%22Gaba%22%2C%22parsedDate%22%3A%222004-10-01%22%2C%22numChildren%22%3A1%7D%2C%22bib%22%3A%22%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-bib-body%5C%22%20style%3D%5C%22line-height%3A%201.35%3B%20%5C%22%3E%5Cn%20%20%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-entry%5C%22%20style%3D%5C%22clear%3A%20left%3B%20%5C%22%3E%5Cn%20%20%20%20%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-left-margin%5C%22%20style%3D%5C%22float%3A%20left%3B%20padding-right%3A%200.5em%3B%20text-align%3A%20right%3B%20width%3A%201em%3B%5C%22%3E1.%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-right-inline%5C%22%20style%3D%5C%22margin%3A%200%20.4em%200%201.5em%3B%5C%22%3EGaba%20DM.%20The%20future%20vision%20of%20simulation%20in%20health%20care.%20Quality%20and%20Safety%20in%20Health%20Care%20%5BInternet%5D.%202004%20Oct%201%20%5Bcited%202016%20Nov%203%5D%3B13%28suppl_1%29%3Ai2%26%23x2013%3B10.%20Available%20from%3A%20%3Ca%20class%3D%27zp-ItemURL%27%20href%3D%27http%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fqualitysafety.bmj.com%5C%2Flookup%5C%2Fdoi%5C%2F10.1136%5C%2Fqshc.2004.009878%27%3Ehttp%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fqualitysafety.bmj.com%5C%2Flookup%5C%2Fdoi%5C%2F10.1136%5C%2Fqshc.2004.009878%3C%5C%2Fa%3E%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%5Cn%20%20%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%5Cn%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%22%2C%22data%22%3A%7B%22itemType%22%3A%22journalArticle%22%2C%22title%22%3A%22The%20future%20vision%20of%20simulation%20in%20health%20care%22%2C%22creators%22%3A%5B%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22D%20M%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Gaba%22%7D%5D%2C%22abstractNote%22%3A%22%22%2C%22date%22%3A%222004-10-01%22%2C%22language%22%3A%22en%22%2C%22DOI%22%3A%2210.1136%5C%2Fqshc.2004.009878%22%2C%22ISSN%22%3A%221475-3898%2C%201475-3901%22%2C%22url%22%3A%22http%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fqualitysafety.bmj.com%5C%2Flookup%5C%2Fdoi%5C%2F10.1136%5C%2Fqshc.2004.009878%22%2C%22collections%22%3A%5B%22ZIZSMRE5%22%5D%2C%22dateModified%22%3A%222021-01-11T12%3A12%3A17Z%22%7D%7D%2C%7B%22key%22%3A%22XG9R6EX9%22%2C%22library%22%3A%7B%22id%22%3A1093634%7D%2C%22meta%22%3A%7B%22parsedDate%22%3A%222016-03-24%22%2C%22numChildren%22%3A1%7D%2C%22bib%22%3A%22%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-bib-body%5C%22%20style%3D%5C%22line-height%3A%201.35%3B%20%5C%22%3E%5Cn%20%20%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-entry%5C%22%20style%3D%5C%22clear%3A%20left%3B%20%5C%22%3E%5Cn%20%20%20%20%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-left-margin%5C%22%20style%3D%5C%22float%3A%20left%3B%20padding-right%3A%200.5em%3B%20text-align%3A%20right%3B%20width%3A%201em%3B%5C%22%3E1.%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-right-inline%5C%22%20style%3D%5C%22margin%3A%200%20.4em%200%201.5em%3B%5C%22%3EJWE15118_09_07_2011.pdf%20%5BInternet%5D.%202016%20%5Bcited%202016%20Mar%2024%5D.%20Available%20from%3A%20%3Ca%20class%3D%27zp-ItemURL%27%20href%3D%27https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fjama-jamanetwork-com.frodon-biusante.parisdescartes.fr%5C%2Fdata%5C%2FJournals%5C%2FJAMA%5C%2F22464%5C%2FJWE15118_09_07_2011.pdf%27%3Ehttps%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fjama-jamanetwork-com.frodon-biusante.parisdescartes.fr%5C%2Fdata%5C%2FJournals%5C%2FJAMA%5C%2F22464%5C%2FJWE15118_09_07_2011.pdf%3C%5C%2Fa%3E%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%5Cn%20%20%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%5Cn%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%22%2C%22data%22%3A%7B%22itemType%22%3A%22webpage%22%2C%22title%22%3A%22JWE15118_09_07_2011.pdf%22%2C%22creators%22%3A%5B%5D%2C%22abstractNote%22%3A%22%22%2C%22date%22%3A%222016-03-24%2020%3A19%3A58%22%2C%22url%22%3A%22https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fjama-jamanetwork-com.frodon-biusante.parisdescartes.fr%5C%2Fdata%5C%2FJournals%5C%2FJAMA%5C%2F22464%5C%2FJWE15118_09_07_2011.pdf%22%2C%22language%22%3A%22%22%2C%22collections%22%3A%5B%22L242WUL9%22%5D%2C%22dateModified%22%3A%222021-01-11T12%3A12%3A14Z%22%7D%7D%2C%7B%22key%22%3A%229BCWDIKW%22%2C%22library%22%3A%7B%22id%22%3A1093634%7D%2C%22meta%22%3A%7B%22creatorSummary%22%3A%22Weller%22%2C%22parsedDate%22%3A%222016-10-01%22%2C%22numChildren%22%3A1%7D%2C%22bib%22%3A%22%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-bib-body%5C%22%20style%3D%5C%22line-height%3A%201.35%3B%20%5C%22%3E%5Cn%20%20%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-entry%5C%22%20style%3D%5C%22clear%3A%20left%3B%20%5C%22%3E%5Cn%20%20%20%20%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-left-margin%5C%22%20style%3D%5C%22float%3A%20left%3B%20padding-right%3A%200.5em%3B%20text-align%3A%20right%3B%20width%3A%201em%3B%5C%22%3E1.%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-right-inline%5C%22%20style%3D%5C%22margin%3A%200%20.4em%200%201.5em%3B%5C%22%3EWeller%20J.%20Simulation%20Training%20for%20Medical%20Emergencies%20In%20General%20Practice.%20In%202016%20%5Bcited%202016%20Oct%201%5D.%20Available%20from%3A%20%3Ca%20class%3D%27zp-ItemURL%27%20href%3D%27http%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fwww.academia.edu%5C%2F295022%5C%2FSimulation_Training_for_Medical_Emergencies_In_General_Practice%27%3Ehttp%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fwww.academia.edu%5C%2F295022%5C%2FSimulation_Training_for_Medical_Emergencies_In_General_Practice%3C%5C%2Fa%3E%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%5Cn%20%20%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%5Cn%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%22%2C%22data%22%3A%7B%22itemType%22%3A%22conferencePaper%22%2C%22title%22%3A%22Simulation%20Training%20for%20Medical%20Emergencies%20In%20General%20Practice%22%2C%22creators%22%3A%5B%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Jennifer%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Weller%22%7D%5D%2C%22abstractNote%22%3A%22Simulation%20Training%20for%20Medical%20Emergencies%20In%20General%20Practice%22%2C%22date%22%3A%222016-10-01%2012%3A24%3A26%22%2C%22proceedingsTitle%22%3A%22%22%2C%22conferenceName%22%3A%22%22%2C%22language%22%3A%22%22%2C%22DOI%22%3A%22%22%2C%22ISBN%22%3A%22%22%2C%22url%22%3A%22http%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fwww.academia.edu%5C%2F295022%5C%2FSimulation_Training_for_Medical_Emergencies_In_General_Practice%22%2C%22collections%22%3A%5B%22L242WUL9%22%5D%2C%22dateModified%22%3A%222021-01-11T12%3A12%3A12Z%22%7D%7D%2C%7B%22key%22%3A%22LQM87R78%22%2C%22library%22%3A%7B%22id%22%3A1093634%7D%2C%22meta%22%3A%7B%22creatorSummary%22%3A%22Hureaux%20and%20Urban%22%2C%22parsedDate%22%3A%222015%22%2C%22numChildren%22%3A1%7D%2C%22bib%22%3A%22%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-bib-body%5C%22%20style%3D%5C%22line-height%3A%201.35%3B%20%5C%22%3E%5Cn%20%20%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-entry%5C%22%20style%3D%5C%22clear%3A%20left%3B%20%5C%22%3E%5Cn%20%20%20%20%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-left-margin%5C%22%20style%3D%5C%22float%3A%20left%3B%20padding-right%3A%200.5em%3B%20text-align%3A%20right%3B%20width%3A%201em%3B%5C%22%3E1.%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-right-inline%5C%22%20style%3D%5C%22margin%3A%200%20.4em%200%201.5em%3B%5C%22%3EHureaux%20J%2C%20Urban%20T.%20La%20simulation%20en%20pneumologie%26%23x202F%3B%3A%20rationnel%2C%20donn%26%23xE9%3Bes%20de%20la%20litt%26%23xE9%3Brature%20et%20perspectives.%20Revue%20des%20Maladies%20Respiratoires%20%5BInternet%5D.%202015%20%5Bcited%202016%20Sep%2029%5D%3B32%2810%29%3A969%26%23x2013%3B84.%20Available%20from%3A%20%3Ca%20class%3D%27zp-ItemURL%27%20href%3D%27http%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Flinkinghub.elsevier.com%5C%2Fretrieve%5C%2Fpii%5C%2FS0761842515001874%27%3Ehttp%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Flinkinghub.elsevier.com%5C%2Fretrieve%5C%2Fpii%5C%2FS0761842515001874%3C%5C%2Fa%3E%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%5Cn%20%20%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%5Cn%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%22%2C%22data%22%3A%7B%22itemType%22%3A%22journalArticle%22%2C%22title%22%3A%22La%20simulation%20en%20pneumologie%20%3A%20rationnel%2C%20donn%5Cu00e9es%20de%20la%20litt%5Cu00e9rature%20et%20perspectives%22%2C%22creators%22%3A%5B%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22J.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Hureaux%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22T.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Urban%22%7D%5D%2C%22abstractNote%22%3A%22%22%2C%22date%22%3A%2212%5C%2F2015%22%2C%22language%22%3A%22fr%22%2C%22DOI%22%3A%2210.1016%5C%2Fj.rmr.2015.04.020%22%2C%22ISSN%22%3A%2207618425%22%2C%22url%22%3A%22http%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Flinkinghub.elsevier.com%5C%2Fretrieve%5C%2Fpii%5C%2FS0761842515001874%22%2C%22collections%22%3A%5B%5D%2C%22dateModified%22%3A%222021-01-11T12%3A12%3A10Z%22%7D%7D%2C%7B%22key%22%3A%226P24FIKZ%22%2C%22library%22%3A%7B%22id%22%3A1093634%7D%2C%22meta%22%3A%7B%22creatorSummary%22%3A%22Haute%20Autorit%5Cu00e9%20de%20Sant%5Cu00e9%22%2C%22parsedDate%22%3A%222012%22%2C%22numChildren%22%3A1%7D%2C%22bib%22%3A%22%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-bib-body%5C%22%20style%3D%5C%22line-height%3A%201.35%3B%20%5C%22%3E%5Cn%20%20%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-entry%5C%22%20style%3D%5C%22clear%3A%20left%3B%20%5C%22%3E%5Cn%20%20%20%20%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-left-margin%5C%22%20style%3D%5C%22float%3A%20left%3B%20padding-right%3A%200.5em%3B%20text-align%3A%20right%3B%20width%3A%201em%3B%5C%22%3E1.%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-right-inline%5C%22%20style%3D%5C%22margin%3A%200%20.4em%200%201.5em%3B%5C%22%3EHaute%20Autorit%26%23xE9%3B%20de%20Sant%26%23xE9%3B.%20Guide%20de%20bonnes%20pratiques%20en%20mati%26%23xE8%3Bre%20de%20simulation%20en%20sant%26%23xE9%3B%20%5BInternet%5D.%202012%20%5Bcited%202016%20Sep%2029%5D.%20Available%20from%3A%20%3Ca%20class%3D%27zp-ItemURL%27%20href%3D%27http%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fwww.has-sante.fr%5C%2Fportail%5C%2Fupload%5C%2Fdocs%5C%2Fapplication%5C%2Fpdf%5C%2F2013-01%5C%2Fguide_bonnes_pratiques_simulation_sante_guide.pdf%27%3Ehttp%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fwww.has-sante.fr%5C%2Fportail%5C%2Fupload%5C%2Fdocs%5C%2Fapplication%5C%2Fpdf%5C%2F2013-01%5C%2Fguide_bonnes_pratiques_simulation_sante_guide.pdf%3C%5C%2Fa%3E%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%5Cn%20%20%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%5Cn%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%22%2C%22data%22%3A%7B%22itemType%22%3A%22report%22%2C%22title%22%3A%22Guide%20de%20bonnes%20pratiques%20en%20mati%5Cu00e8re%20de%20simulation%20en%20sant%5Cu00e9%22%2C%22creators%22%3A%5B%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22name%22%3A%22Haute%20Autorit%5Cu00e9%20de%20Sant%5Cu00e9%22%7D%5D%2C%22abstractNote%22%3A%22%22%2C%22reportNumber%22%3A%22%22%2C%22reportType%22%3A%22%22%2C%22institution%22%3A%22%22%2C%22date%22%3A%222012%22%2C%22language%22%3A%22%22%2C%22url%22%3A%22http%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fwww.has-sante.fr%5C%2Fportail%5C%2Fupload%5C%2Fdocs%5C%2Fapplication%5C%2Fpdf%5C%2F2013-01%5C%2Fguide_bonnes_pratiques_simulation_sante_guide.pdf%22%2C%22collections%22%3A%5B%22GYEE5AQ2%22%5D%2C%22dateModified%22%3A%222021-01-11T12%3A12%3A09Z%22%7D%7D%2C%7B%22key%22%3A%224KTMK93Q%22%2C%22library%22%3A%7B%22id%22%3A1093634%7D%2C%22meta%22%3A%7B%22creatorSummary%22%3A%22Poelman%22%2C%22parsedDate%22%3A%222013%22%2C%22numChildren%22%3A1%7D%2C%22bib%22%3A%22%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-bib-body%5C%22%20style%3D%5C%22line-height%3A%201.35%3B%20%5C%22%3E%5Cn%20%20%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-entry%5C%22%20style%3D%5C%22clear%3A%20left%3B%20%5C%22%3E%5Cn%20%20%20%20%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-left-margin%5C%22%20style%3D%5C%22float%3A%20left%3B%20padding-right%3A%200.5em%3B%20text-align%3A%20right%3B%20width%3A%201em%3B%5C%22%3E1.%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-right-inline%5C%22%20style%3D%5C%22margin%3A%200%20.4em%200%201.5em%3B%5C%22%3EPoelman%20T.%20Rapport%20de%20hasards%20%28hazard%20ratio%2C%20HR%29%20et%20risque%20relatif.%20Minerva%20%5BInternet%5D.%202013%20%5Bcited%202016%20Sep%2029%5D%3B12%2810%29%3A129.%20Available%20from%3A%20%3Ca%20class%3D%27zp-ItemURL%27%20href%3D%27file%3A%5C%2F%5C%2F%5C%2FUsers%5C%2FNico%5C%2FDownloads%5C%2F12_10_129-129.pdf%27%3Efile%3A%5C%2F%5C%2F%5C%2FUsers%5C%2FNico%5C%2FDownloads%5C%2F12_10_129-129.pdf%3C%5C%2Fa%3E%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%5Cn%20%20%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%5Cn%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%22%2C%22data%22%3A%7B%22itemType%22%3A%22journalArticle%22%2C%22title%22%3A%22Rapport%20de%20hasards%20%28hazard%20ratio%2C%20HR%29%20et%20risque%20relatif%22%2C%22creators%22%3A%5B%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Tom%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Poelman%22%7D%5D%2C%22abstractNote%22%3A%22%22%2C%22date%22%3A%2212%5C%2F2013%22%2C%22language%22%3A%22%22%2C%22DOI%22%3A%22%22%2C%22ISSN%22%3A%22%22%2C%22url%22%3A%22file%3A%5C%2F%5C%2F%5C%2FUsers%5C%2FNico%5C%2FDownloads%5C%2F12_10_129-129.pdf%22%2C%22collections%22%3A%5B%5D%2C%22dateModified%22%3A%222021-01-11T12%3A12%3A09Z%22%7D%7D%2C%7B%22key%22%3A%22B29XTK6Y%22%2C%22library%22%3A%7B%22id%22%3A1093634%7D%2C%22meta%22%3A%7B%22creatorSummary%22%3A%22BMJ%22%2C%22parsedDate%22%3A%222016-09-08%22%2C%22numChildren%22%3A1%7D%2C%22bib%22%3A%22%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-bib-body%5C%22%20style%3D%5C%22line-height%3A%201.35%3B%20%5C%22%3E%5Cn%20%20%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-entry%5C%22%20style%3D%5C%22clear%3A%20left%3B%20%5C%22%3E%5Cn%20%20%20%20%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-left-margin%5C%22%20style%3D%5C%22float%3A%20left%3B%20padding-right%3A%200.5em%3B%20text-align%3A%20right%3B%20width%3A%201em%3B%5C%22%3E1.%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-right-inline%5C%22%20style%3D%5C%22margin%3A%200%20.4em%200%201.5em%3B%5C%22%3EBMJ.%20Publications%20%5BInternet%5D.%202016%20%5Bcited%202016%20Sep%208%5D.%20Available%20from%3A%20%3Ca%20class%3D%27zp-ItemURL%27%20href%3D%27http%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fwww.bmj.com%5C%2Fabout-bmj%5C%2Fresources-readers%5C%2Fpublications%27%3Ehttp%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fwww.bmj.com%5C%2Fabout-bmj%5C%2Fresources-readers%5C%2Fpublications%3C%5C%2Fa%3E%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%5Cn%20%20%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%5Cn%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%22%2C%22data%22%3A%7B%22itemType%22%3A%22webpage%22%2C%22title%22%3A%22Publications%22%2C%22creators%22%3A%5B%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22name%22%3A%22BMJ%22%7D%5D%2C%22abstractNote%22%3A%22%22%2C%22date%22%3A%222016-09-08%2008%3A07%3A00%22%2C%22url%22%3A%22http%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fwww.bmj.com%5C%2Fabout-bmj%5C%2Fresources-readers%5C%2Fpublications%22%2C%22language%22%3A%22%22%2C%22collections%22%3A%5B%22GZG4LDJ6%22%5D%2C%22dateModified%22%3A%222021-01-11T12%3A12%3A07Z%22%7D%7D%2C%7B%22key%22%3A%22HGEVX73J%22%2C%22library%22%3A%7B%22id%22%3A1093634%7D%2C%22meta%22%3A%7B%22creatorSummary%22%3A%22Cucherat%22%2C%22parsedDate%22%3A%222016-09-08%22%2C%22numChildren%22%3A1%7D%2C%22bib%22%3A%22%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-bib-body%5C%22%20style%3D%5C%22line-height%3A%201.35%3B%20%5C%22%3E%5Cn%20%20%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-entry%5C%22%20style%3D%5C%22clear%3A%20left%3B%20%5C%22%3E%5Cn%20%20%20%20%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-left-margin%5C%22%20style%3D%5C%22float%3A%20left%3B%20padding-right%3A%200.5em%3B%20text-align%3A%20right%3B%20width%3A%201em%3B%5C%22%3E1.%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-right-inline%5C%22%20style%3D%5C%22margin%3A%200%20.4em%200%201.5em%3B%5C%22%3ECucherat%20M.%20Lecture%20critique%20%5BInternet%5D.%202016%20%5Bcited%202016%20Sep%208%5D.%20Available%20from%3A%20%3Ca%20class%3D%27zp-ItemURL%27%20href%3D%27http%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fwww.spc.univ-lyon1.fr%5C%2Flecture-critique%5C%2F%27%3Ehttp%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fwww.spc.univ-lyon1.fr%5C%2Flecture-critique%5C%2F%3C%5C%2Fa%3E%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%5Cn%20%20%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%5Cn%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%22%2C%22data%22%3A%7B%22itemType%22%3A%22webpage%22%2C%22title%22%3A%22Lecture%20critique%22%2C%22creators%22%3A%5B%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Michel%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Cucherat%22%7D%5D%2C%22abstractNote%22%3A%22%22%2C%22date%22%3A%222016-09-08%2008%3A01%3A04%22%2C%22url%22%3A%22http%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fwww.spc.univ-lyon1.fr%5C%2Flecture-critique%5C%2F%22%2C%22language%22%3A%22%22%2C%22collections%22%3A%5B%22GZG4LDJ6%22%5D%2C%22dateModified%22%3A%222021-01-11T12%3A12%3A06Z%22%7D%7D%5D%7D
1.
Matayong S, Jetwanna KW, Choksuchat C, Choosawang S, Trakulmaykee N, Limsuwan S, et al. IoT-based systems and applications for elderly healthcare: a systematic review. Univ Access Inf Soc [Internet]. 2023 Nov 2 [cited 2024 Oct 8]; Available from:
https://doi.org/10.1007/s10209-023-01055-1
1.
Ferrara M, Bertozzi G, Di Fazio N, Aquila I, Di Fazio A, Maiese A, et al. Risk Management and Patient Safety in the Artificial Intelligence Era: A Systematic Review. Healthcare [Internet]. 2024 Jan [cited 2024 Oct 8];12(5):549. Available from:
https://www.mdpi.com/2227-9032/12/5/549
1.
Kumar Y, Koul A, Singla R, Ijaz MF. Artificial intelligence in disease diagnosis: a systematic literature review, synthesizing framework and future research agenda. J Ambient Intell Human Comput [Internet]. 2023 Jul 1 [cited 2024 Oct 8];14(7):8459–86. Available from:
https://doi.org/10.1007/s12652-021-03612-z
1.
Glenn JK, Goldman J. Task delegation to physician extenders--some comparisons. Am J Public Health. 1976 Jan;66(1):64–6.
1.
Heerspink HJL, Stefánsson BV, Correa-Rotter R, Chertow GM, Greene T, Hou FF, et al. Dapagliflozin in Patients with Chronic Kidney Disease. N Engl J Med [Internet]. 2020 Oct 8 [cited 2023 Nov 21];383(15):1436–46. Available from:
https://doi.org/10.1056/NEJMoa2024816
1.
Heerspink HJL, Stefánsson BV, Correa-Rotter R, Chertow GM, Greene T, Hou FF, et al. Dapagliflozin in Patients with Chronic Kidney Disease. N Engl J Med [Internet]. 2020 Oct 8 [cited 2023 Nov 21];383(15):1436–46. Available from:
https://doi.org/10.1056/NEJMoa2024816
1.
Frappé P, Druais PL, Petersen W, Association française des jeunes chercheurs en médecine générale (Lyon). Initiation à la recherche. 2018.
1.
Becker J. Active Allyship. Public Services Quarterly. 2017 0;13(1):27–31.
1.
Bucher S, Maury A, Rosso J, de Chanaud N, Bloy G, Pendola-Luchel I, et al. Time and feasibility of prevention in primary care. Fam Pract. 2017;34(1):49–56.
1.
Le Lous M, De Chanaud N, Bourret A, Senat MV, Colmant C, Jaury P, et al. Improving the quality of transvaginal ultrasound scan by simulation training for general practice residents. Adv Simul (Lond). 2017;2:24.
1.
Le Lous M, De Chanaud N, Bourret A, Senat MV, Colmant C, Jaury P, et al. Improving the quality of transvaginal ultrasound scan by simulation training for general practice residents. Advances in Simulation [Internet]. 2017 Nov 21 [cited 2018 Mar 10];2:24. Available from:
https://doi.org/10.1186/s41077-017-0056-z
1.
de Chanaud N, Boukari L, Gérin M, Mekinian A, Fain O. [Typhoid fever. Sore throat, macrophage activation syndrome and glomerulonephritis]. Rev Prat. 2012 Oct;62(8):1056.
1.
de Chanaud N, Sidrokiewitcz S. Comparaison de l’efficacité d’une évaluation gériatrique en soins primaires réalisée par une infirmière ou un médecin généraliste. D’après une communication de : Ferrat E, Attali C, Audureau E. Exercer. 2017;132:160–1.
1.
Neuman MD, Goldstein JN, Cirullo MA, Schwartz JS. Durability of class I American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association clinical practice guideline recommendations. JAMA. 2014 May;311(20):2092–100.
1.
Bucher S, Maury A, Rosso J, de Chanaud N, Bloy G, Pendola-Luchel I, et al. Time and feasibility of prevention in primary care. Fam Pract. 2017 Feb;34(1):49–56.
1.
Alderson LJH, Alderson P, Tan T. Median life span of a cohort of National Institute for Health and Care Excellence clinical guidelines was about 60 months. J Clin Epidemiol. 2014 Jan;67(1):52–5.
1.
Michel P, Quenon JL, Djihoud A. Les événements indésirables graves liés au soins observés dans les établissements de santé : premiers résultats d’une étude nationale. Etudes et Résultats [Internet]. 2005 [cited 2017 Mar 23];(398). Available from:
http://social-sante.gouv.fr/IMG/pdf/ENEIS_1.pdf
1.
Chaleix M, IZOTTE-KRET M, Régine BS, QUENON JL, OLIER L. Les événements indésirables graves associés aux soins observés dans les établissements de santé - Résultat des enquêtes nationales menées en 2009 et 2004. Solidarité Santé [Internet]. 2010 [cited 2017 Mar 23];(17). Available from:
http://www.guidedesdemarches.com/DOCS/DOC123.pdf
1.
Jegu J, Braun M, Pelaccia T. Quelle est la motivation des étudiants en médecine pour l’apprentissage de la lecture critique d’article ? Pédagogie Médicale [Internet]. 2014 [cited 2017 Jan 5];15(4):259–67. Available from:
http://www.pedagogie-medicale.org/10.1051/pmed/2014019
1.
Association pédagogique nationale pour l’enseignement de la thérapeutique (France), Durocher A. LCA-UE 12: formation générale à la recherche : iECN 2016, 2017, 2018 : cours + entraînement. Paris: Med-Line éditions; 2015.
1.
Moak JH, Larese SR, Riordan JP, Sudhir A, Yan G. Training in transvaginal sonography using pelvic ultrasound simulators versus live models: a randomized controlled trial. Acad Med. 2014 Jul;89(7):1063–8.
1.
Dorton LH, Lintzenich CR, Evans AK. Simulation model for tracheotomy education for primary health-care providers. Ann Otol Rhinol Laryngol. 2014 Jan;123(1):11–8.
1.
Sukalich S, Elliott JO, Ruffner G. Teaching medical error disclosure to residents using patient-centered simulation training. Acad Med. 2014 Jan;89(1):136–43.
1.
Prislin MD, Fitzpatrick CF, Lie D, Giglio M, Radecki S, Lewis E. Use of an objective structured clinical examination in evaluating student performance. Fam Med. 1998 May;30(5):338–44.
1.
Harris JM, Sun H. A randomized trial of two e-learning strategies for teaching substance abuse management skills to physicians. Acad Med. 2013 Sep;88(9):1357–62.
1.
Brown RS, Graham CL, Richeson N, Wu J, McDermott S. Evaluation of medical student performance on objective structured clinical exams with standardized patients with and without disabilities. Acad Med. 2010 Nov;85(11):1766–71.
Laisser un commentaire
Vous devez vous connecter pour publier un commentaire.