{"id":58,"date":"2016-02-17T10:05:31","date_gmt":"2016-02-17T09:05:31","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/lepcam.fr\/?page_id=58"},"modified":"2022-02-08T18:42:38","modified_gmt":"2022-02-08T17:42:38","slug":"introduction","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/lepcam.fr\/index.php\/introduction\/","title":{"rendered":"Introduction"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\"><figure class=\"alignright size-large\"><img data-attachment-id=\"1407\" data-permalink=\"https:\/\/lepcam.fr\/index.php\/les-etapes\/sources-information\/logo-lepcam-fond-blanc-01\/\" data-orig-file=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/lepcam.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/02\/Logo-LEPCAM-fond-blanc-01.png?fit=104%2C104&amp;ssl=1\" data-orig-size=\"104,104\" data-comments-opened=\"1\" data-image-meta=\"{&quot;aperture&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;credit&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;camera&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;caption&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;created_timestamp&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;copyright&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;focal_length&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;iso&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;shutter_speed&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;title&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;orientation&quot;:&quot;0&quot;}\" data-image-title=\"Logo LEPCAM fond blanc-01\" data-image-description=\"\" data-image-caption=\"\" data-medium-file=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/lepcam.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/02\/Logo-LEPCAM-fond-blanc-01.png?fit=104%2C104&amp;ssl=1\" data-large-file=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/lepcam.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/02\/Logo-LEPCAM-fond-blanc-01.png?fit=104%2C104&amp;ssl=1\" decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" width=\"104\" height=\"104\" src=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/lepcam.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/02\/Logo-LEPCAM-fond-blanc-01.png?resize=104%2C104&#038;ssl=1\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-1407\" srcset=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/lepcam.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/02\/Logo-LEPCAM-fond-blanc-01.png?w=104&amp;ssl=1 104w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/lepcam.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/02\/Logo-LEPCAM-fond-blanc-01.png?resize=88%2C88&amp;ssl=1 88w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 104px) 100vw, 104px\" data-recalc-dims=\"1\" \/><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"is-layout-flow wp-block-group\"><div class=\"wp-block-group__inner-container\">\n<p>Le site LEPCAM est un <strong>site d\u2019e-learning<\/strong> permettant aux <strong>\u00e9tudiants et professionnels de<\/strong> <strong>sant\u00e9<\/strong> d&rsquo;acqu\u00e9rir des <strong>comp\u00e9tences en recherche m\u00e9dicale<\/strong>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Il est accessible \u00e0 tous gratuitement, sous licence <em>Creative Common<\/em> et sans publicit\u00e9.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Pour toute question, n&rsquo;h\u00e9sitez pas \u00e0 me contacter via nicolas@lepcam.fr<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Bonne lecture<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Nicolas de Chanaud<\/p>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator\"\/>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"is-layout-flow wp-block-group\"><div class=\"wp-block-group__inner-container\">\n<h1 id=\"pourquoi\">Pourquoi ce site ?<\/h1>\n\n\n\n<h2>Int\u00e9r\u00eat de la recherche en sant\u00e9<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>L\u2019apprentissage de la recherche m\u00e9dicale, le d\u00e9veloppement de la recherche clinique et la pratique de la m\u00e9decine fond\u00e9e sur les preuves sont aujourd\u2019hui indissociables<span class=\"zp-InText-zp-ID--1093634-KN4AP5E5--wp58 zp-InText-Citation loading\" rel=\"{ 'pages': 'np', 'items': '{1093634:KN4AP5E5}', 'format': '(%num%)', 'brackets': '', 'etal': 'yes', 'separator': '', 'and': '' }\"><\/span> . Savoir lire, \u00e9crire, communiquer et publier est indispensable pour&nbsp;:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul><li><strong>la pratique : <\/strong><ul><li><strong>am\u00e9liorer l\u2019information des patients<\/strong>&nbsp;: les connaissances scientifiques \u00e9voluant constamment, les soignants doivent se tenir inform\u00e9s pour rester critique \u00e0 l\u2019\u00e9gard des donn\u00e9es fournies par les revues ou la presse grand public.<\/li><\/ul><ul><li><strong>pratiquer des soins de qualit\u00e9&nbsp;<\/strong>: le clinicien doit savoir placer les r\u00e9sultats dans une d\u00e9marche de raisonnement d\u2019un cas clinique afin de prendre la meilleure d\u00e9cision pour le patient. L\u2019am\u00e9lioration des pratiques en sant\u00e9 passe par l\u2019<em>Evidence-Based Medicine<\/em> (EBM). <\/li><\/ul><\/li><li><strong>l\u2019enseignement <\/strong>: <ul><li>L\u2019enseignement de la m\u00e9decine fond\u00e9e sur les preuves n\u00e9cessite une bonne compr\u00e9hension de ce qu\u2019est l\u2019EBM.<\/li><\/ul><\/li><li><strong>la recherche&nbsp;:<\/strong> <ul><li><strong>gagner du<\/strong> <strong>temps<\/strong> lors de ses recherches&nbsp;: savoir quel article lire, comment le lire et o\u00f9 chercher l\u2019information pertinente.<\/li><li>progresser dans la carri\u00e8re <strong>universitaire&nbsp;<\/strong>: la communication et la publication de ses travaux de recherche est une n\u00e9cessit\u00e9 <\/li><li>d\u00e9velopper la <strong>recherche, notamment en soins primaires&nbsp;<\/strong>: initier, r\u00e9aliser et publier ses travaux de recherche avec une m\u00e9thodologie de qualit\u00e9 permet de faire progresser sa discipline et participe \u00e0 l\u2019\u00e9laboration d\u2019une pratique en accord avec l\u2019EBM. <\/li><li><strong>promouvoir sa discipline<\/strong>&nbsp;en tant que discipline scientifique \u00e0 part enti\u00e8re.<\/li><\/ul><\/li><\/ul>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n<p><\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"is-layout-flow wp-block-group\"><div class=\"wp-block-group__inner-container\">\n<h3 id=\"recherchemedical\">La recherche dans les \u00e9tudes m\u00e9dicales<\/h3>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"is-layout-flow wp-block-group\"><div class=\"wp-block-group__inner-container\">\n<p>Les autorit\u00e9s ont inclus cet apprentissage tout au long des \u00e9tudes m\u00e9dicales. L&rsquo;objectif de cette partie est de :<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul><li>Indexer les r\u00e9f\u00e9rences officielles du programme d&rsquo;enseignement des&nbsp;\u00e9tudes m\u00e9dicales (1er, 2\u00e8me et 3\u00e8me cycle)<\/li><li>Acqu\u00e9rir de la m\u00e9thodologie et analyser les principales \u00e9preuves<\/li><li>Comprendre l&rsquo;int\u00e9r\u00eat de la recherche post doctoral<\/li><\/ul>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h1 id=\"paces\">PACES \/ module 4<\/h1>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"is-layout-flow wp-block-group\"><div class=\"wp-block-group__inner-container\">\n<p>Le programme officiel a \u00e9t\u00e9 fix\u00e9 par le <a href=\"https:\/\/pharmacie.univ-tlse3.fr\/\">bulletin officiel n\u00b045 du 3 d\u00e9cembre 2009<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Disciplines notamment concern\u00e9es<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul><li>Sections m\u00e9dicales :<ul><li>Biophysique et m\u00e9decine nucl\u00e9aire (43-01)<\/li><li>Biostatistiques, informatique m\u00e9dicale et technologie de la communication (46-04)<\/li><\/ul><\/li><li>Sections pharmaceutiques : Biophysique-Biomath\u00e9matiques (85)<\/li><li>Sections scientifiques : Math\u00e9matiques et physique<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Objectifs g\u00e9n\u00e9raux<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul><li>Notion de grandeurs intensives et extensives<\/li><li>Ma\u00eetrise de notions math\u00e9matiques de base (fonctions trigonom\u00e9triques, exponentielles, logarithmes, fonctions \u00e0 plusieurs variables) et de la m\u00e9trologie.<\/li><li>Ma\u00eetrise des bases math\u00e9matiques utiles \u00e0 la compr\u00e9hension dans les techniques statistiques appliqu\u00e9es \u00e0 la m\u00e9decine (th\u00e9ories ensemblistes \u00e9l\u00e9mentaires, fonctions math\u00e9matiques de base)<\/li><li>Probabilit\u00e9s : Ma\u00eetrise du concept de probabilit\u00e9, des probabilit\u00e9s conditionnelles \u00e9l\u00e9mentaires, Lois de probabilit\u00e9 discr\u00e8te (Bernoulli binomial, Poisson) et continue (loi normale, Student)<\/li><li>Statistiques et leurs implications dans le domaine m\u00e9dical :<ul><li>Ma\u00eetrise de la m\u00e9thodologie (r\u00e9trospectif\/prospectif, etc.), introduction \u00e0 la critique d\u2019une m\u00e9thode statistique.<\/li><li>Ma\u00eetrise du concept d\u2019\u00e9chantillonnage, d\u2019estimation ponctuelle et par intervalle de confiance.<\/li><\/ul><\/li><li>Ma\u00eetrise des tests statistiques param\u00e9triques et non param\u00e9triques.<\/li><li>Bases statistiques des \u00e9tudes \u00e9pid\u00e9miologiques<ul><li>Introduction \u00e0 la notion de critique des tests statistiques dans les exp\u00e9riences ; choix de la m\u00e9thode, protocole, puissance statistique en vue de la pr\u00e9paration \u00e0 la lecture critique d\u2019article. Exemple : Apports des probabilit\u00e9s conditionnelles (sensibilit\u00e9\/sp\u00e9cificit\u00e9 ; VPPA\/PN) dans le choix d\u2019examens paracliniques.<\/li><\/ul><\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Principaux items<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul><li>G\u00e9n\u00e9ralit\u00e9s en m\u00e9trologie.<ul><li>Grandeurs, unit\u00e9s, \u00e9quations aux dimensions ; \u00e9chelles et ordres de grandeur.<\/li><li>Mesures et leur pr\u00e9cision<\/li><\/ul><\/li><li>Introduction \u00e0 l\u2019informatique m\u00e9dicale<\/li><li>Mesure des ph\u00e9nom\u00e8nes biologiques : valeur et limite d\u2019une mesure, d\u2019une fonction<\/li><li>\u00c9chantillonnage<\/li><li>Statistiques descriptives : indice de position (moyenne, m\u00e9diane &#8230;) et de dispersion (extremum, quartiles&#8230;)<\/li><li>Loi de probabilit\u00e9 discr\u00e8te (Poisson, Bernoulli, Binomiale) et continue (Loi normale, Student)<\/li><li>Probabilit\u00e9 conditionnelle<\/li><li>M\u00e9thodologie des \u00e9tudes \u00e9pid\u00e9miologiques (r\u00e9trospective\/prospective, randomisation, double aveugle&#8230;)<\/li><li>Estimation ponctuelle et par intervalle de confiance<\/li><li>Tests param\u00e9triques :<ul><li>Comparaison d\u2019une moyenne \u00e0 une norme<\/li><li>Comparaison de deux moyennes avec \u00e9chantillons ind\u00e9pendants (Loi de Fisher) et appari\u00e9s (Loi de Student)<\/li><li>Comparaison de deux variances.<\/li><\/ul><\/li><li>Test du Chi2 (X2) : Test d\u2019ind\u00e9pendance &#8211; Test d\u2019homog\u00e9n\u00e9it\u00e9 \u2013 Test d\u2019ad\u00e9quation \u00e0 un mod\u00e8le th\u00e9orique<\/li><li>Tests non param\u00e9triques : avec \u00e9chantillons ind\u00e9pendants (Mann and Whitney), avec \u00e9chantillons appari\u00e9s<\/li><\/ul>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n<h1 id=\"ecni\">ECNi \/ LCA<\/h1>\n\n\n\n<h2 id=\"prog\">A. Le programme officiel<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>Le <a href=\"https:\/\/www.enseignementsup-recherche.gouv.fr\/pid20536\/bulletin-officiel.html?cid_bo=71544&amp;cbo=1\">programme<\/a> a \u00e9t\u00e9 publi\u00e9 au Bulletin Officiel de l&rsquo;Enseignement Sup\u00e9rieur et de la Recherche du 16 mai 2013<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>La LCA (Lecture Critique d\u2019Article) est d\u00e9finie par&nbsp;:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"is-layout-flow wp-block-group\"><div class=\"wp-block-group__inner-container\">\n<div class=\"is-layout-flow wp-block-group\"><div class=\"wp-block-group__inner-container\">\n<p><em>L\u2019Unit\u00e9 d\u2019Enseignement (UE) 12&nbsp;: Formation g\u00e9n\u00e9rale \u00e0 la recherche.<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul><li><em>Cette formation, dispens\u00e9e sous forme d&rsquo;enseignements dirig\u00e9s, porte sur la lecture critique d&rsquo;articles scientifiques et a pour objectifs&nbsp;de :<\/em><ul><li><em>Comprendre comment s&rsquo;\u00e9labore une question scientifique<\/em><\/li><li><em>Apprendre \u00e0 mener une recherche documentaire sur un sujet<\/em><\/li><li><em>D\u00e9velopper une analyse critique des donn\u00e9es existantes<\/em><\/li><li><em>Comprendre comment s&rsquo;\u00e9labore une hypoth\u00e8se de travail<\/em><\/li><li><em>Comprendre les processus exp\u00e9rimentaux mis en \u0153uvre<\/em><\/li><li><em>Savoir analyser les r\u00e9sultats pr\u00e9sent\u00e9s ainsi que leur discussion<\/em><\/li><li><em>\u00catre capable de restituer et de synth\u00e9tiser le contenu scientifique.<\/em><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li><em>Les articles scientifiques sont choisis dans tous les domaines de la recherche biom\u00e9dicale. La pr\u00e9paration \u00e0 la lecture critique d&rsquo;articles implique un travail en petits groupes tutor\u00e9s, avec pr\u00e9sentation orale et discussion interactive.<\/em><\/li><li><em>Un stage de courte dur\u00e9e dans un laboratoire de recherche est souhaitable.<\/em><\/li><li><em>La validation de cette formation permet l&rsquo;obtention d&rsquo;ECTS.<\/em><\/li><\/ul>\n<\/div><\/div>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n<p>On peut aussi retrouver des indications dans les comp\u00e9tences g\u00e9n\u00e9riques \u00e0 acqu\u00e9rir au cours du 2<sup>\u00e8me<\/sup> cycle&nbsp;:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><em>Scientifique&nbsp;:<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><em>L\u2019\u00e9tudiant comprend que pendant toute sa vie professionnelle il devra remettre en question et chercher \u00e0 r\u00e9actualiser ses connaissances afin de garantir son domaine d&rsquo;expertise. Il comprend l&rsquo;int\u00e9r\u00eat de la d\u00e9marche scientifique pour \u00e9laborer de nouveaux savoirs. Il :<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul><li><em>Situe la place de la recherche dans l&rsquo;apport des connaissances nouvelles et dans l&rsquo;\u00e9volution de la pratique professionnelle ;<\/em><\/li><li><em>D\u00e9montre sa connaissance des diff\u00e9rents aspects de la recherche biom\u00e9dicale ;<\/em><\/li><li><em>Explique les diff\u00e9rents niveaux de preuve et les limites de ses connaissances scientifiques ;<\/em><\/li><li><em>Acc\u00e8de aux informations (gestion internet et anglais m\u00e9dical) et sait les \u00e9valuer de mani\u00e8re critique ;<\/em><\/li><li><em>D\u00e9montre sa capacit\u00e9 d&rsquo;acqu\u00e9rir des concepts relatifs \u00e0 la m\u00e9decine factuelle et \u00e0 les utiliser dans diverses situations cliniques ;<\/em><\/li><li><em>Participe \u00e0 la formulation d&rsquo;une probl\u00e9matique de recherche face \u00e0 une situation non r\u00e9solue et envisage les pistes susceptibles de r\u00e9soudre cette probl\u00e9matique.<\/em><\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h2 id=\"epreuve\">B. L\u2019\u00e9preuve<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>Les anciennes <a href=\"http:\/\/www.cnci.univ-paris5.fr\/medecine\/LectureCritiqueArticle.pdf\">recommandations<\/a> du CNCI et le <a href=\"https:\/\/www.education.gouv.fr\/bo\/2001\/31\/sup.htm\">Bulletin Officiel du 30 ao\u00fbt 2001<\/a> pr\u00e9cisaient que&nbsp;:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul><li><em>Aucun calcul nouveau ne peut \u00eatre demand\u00e9.<\/em><\/li><li><em>Un commentaire de tableaux, figures ou calculs statistiques peut \u00eatre demand\u00e9.<\/em><\/li><li><em>La forme de l\u2019article peut \u00eatre discut\u00e9e [\u2026]<\/em><\/li><li><em>Il ne peut \u00eatre pos\u00e9 de questions de m\u00e9morisation sur le sujet \u00e9tudi\u00e9 ni de questions s\u2019\u00e9cartant de l\u2019article<\/em><\/li><li><em>Les questions ne sont pas pos\u00e9es dans un langage de sp\u00e9cialistes. Elles doivent \u00eatre comprises simplement par tout \u00e9tudiant de deuxi\u00e8me cycle. [&#8230;]<\/em><\/li><li><em>Si une d\u00e9finition pose probl\u00e8me, c\u2019est\u2010\u00e0\u2010dire si elle peut faire l\u2019objet de discussions, la d\u00e9finition retenue pour cette \u00e9preuve doit \u00eatre pr\u00e9cis\u00e9e dans l\u2019intitul\u00e9.<\/em><\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>De son c\u00f4t\u00e9, le <a href=\"https:\/\/info-sides.uness.fr\/?q=node\/4#__RefHeading__1234_1744993685\">SIDES<\/a> donne d\u2019autres informations mais elles datent de 2013 :<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul><li><em>2 articles scientifiques<\/em><\/li><li><em>30 questions<\/em><\/li><li><em>2 articles en anglais \u00e0 partir de 2017<\/em><\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>Si on se r\u00e9f\u00e8re \u00e0 l\u2019<a href=\"https:\/\/www.legifrance.gouv.fr\/jorf\/id\/JORFTEXT000030916532\">arr\u00eat\u00e9 du 20 juillet 2015<\/a>, l\u2019\u00e9preuve de LCA aura les caract\u00e9ristiques suivantes&nbsp;:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul><li><em>2 articles scientifiques d\u2019une m\u00eame valeur, d\u2019une dur\u00e9e totale de 3 heures.<\/em><\/li><li><em>Le 1<sup>er<\/sup> article a une orientation clinique<\/em><\/li><li><em>Le 2<sup>\u00e8me<\/sup> article a une orientation physiopathologique<\/em><\/li><li><em>Chaque article comporte de 13 \u00e0 17 questions \u00e0 choix multiple, qui sont pos\u00e9es de mani\u00e8re progressive \u00e0 l&rsquo;instar des \u00e9preuves du 1\u00b0 du pr\u00e9sent article.<\/em><\/li><li><em>La LCA compte pour 10% de la note finale<\/em><\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Quels types d\u2019articles sont susceptibles de tomber&nbsp;?<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul><li>D\u2019apr\u00e8s l\u2019arr\u00eat\u00e9 du 20 juillet 2015, il devrait y avoir un article de physiopathologie.&nbsp;Difficile de dire s&rsquo;ils vont vraiment le faire car les \u00e9tudiants sont particuli\u00e8rement mal pr\u00e9par\u00e9s \u00e0 ce type d&rsquo;article dans les facult\u00e9s de m\u00e9decine. En tout cas, il n&rsquo;y a pas eu d&rsquo;article de physiopathologie en 2016.<\/li><li>D\u2019apr\u00e8s les anciennes recommandations du CNCI, il ne pouvait tomber qu\u2019un article original (observationnel ou exp\u00e9rimental), excluant les revues syst\u00e9matiques, la recherche qualitative, les analyses m\u00e9dico-\u00e9conomiques, les \u00e9tudes de qualit\u00e9 de soin, les \u00e9tudes semi-quantitatives. \u00c0 mon avis, ce sera toujours le cas.<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h1 id=\"these\">Interne \/ th\u00e8se<\/h1>\n\n\n\n<p>La th\u00e8se d&rsquo;exercice est une \u00e9tape obligatoire marquant la fin des \u00e9tudes de m\u00e9decine ou de pharmacie. Bien qu&rsquo;elle puisse \u00eatre v\u00e9cue\u00a0comme une \u00e9preuve\u00a0par certains, la th\u00e8se permet au futur professionnel d&rsquo;apprendre \u00e0 adopter un <strong>raisonnement scientifique<\/strong> \u00e0 une question de recherche, \u00e0 travailler avec des chercheurs et \u00e0 apporter sa\u00a0<strong>contribution \u00e0 l&rsquo;\u00e9laboration du savoir.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 id=\"avant\">I. De l&rsquo;id\u00e9e \u00e0 la th\u00e8se<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>Avant de se mettre \u00e0 \u00e9crire sa th\u00e8se, quelques \u00e9tapes de r\u00e9flexion sont n\u00e9cessaires.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 id=\"directeur\">A. Choix du directeur de th\u00e8se<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>Son choix est primordial, il devra vous accompagner et portera une part de responsabilit\u00e9 scientifique sur le r\u00e9sultat de votre travail. Les comp\u00e9tences \u00e0 rechercher sont :<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul><li>comp\u00e9tences <strong>scientifiques <\/strong>: votre sujet doit se rapprocher de sa th\u00e9matique de recherche afin qu&rsquo;il puisse bien vous orienter et qu&rsquo;il y trouve son int\u00e9r\u00eat.<\/li><li>comp\u00e9tence <strong>m\u00e9thodologique\u00a0<\/strong>: il faut s&rsquo;assurer qu&rsquo;il a les comp\u00e9tences pour vous encadrer. <\/li><li>comp\u00e9tences <strong>p\u00e9dagogiques :<\/strong> diriger une th\u00e8se s&rsquo;apprend. Si c&rsquo;est sa 1\u00e8re direction de th\u00e8se, il peut se forme via les programmes de formation m\u00e9dicale continue ou co-encadrer la th\u00e8se avec un autre directeur.<\/li><li><strong>sp\u00e9cialit\u00e9 :<\/strong> g\u00e9n\u00e9raliste ou sp\u00e9cialiste, le principal est qu&rsquo;il soit en accord avec votre DES et votre future sp\u00e9cialit\u00e9. Attention aux directeurs non g\u00e9n\u00e9ralistes hospitaliers qui connaissent mal les probl\u00e9matiques de la m\u00e9decine g\u00e9n\u00e9rale ambulatoire.<\/li><li><strong>universitaire <\/strong>: si vous d\u00e9sirez faire une carri\u00e8re universitaire, il peut \u00eatre strat\u00e9gique de choisir un directeur avec qui vous souhaitez travailler. Attention, les universitaires sont souvent d\u00e9bord\u00e9s par leurs multiples activit\u00e9s vous obligeant \u00e0 \u00eatre autonome.<\/li><li><strong>du temps \u00e0 vous consacrer <\/strong>: le temps est pr\u00e9cieux chez les universitaires, il faut discuter d\u00e8s le 1er entretien le temps qu&rsquo;il pourra vous accorder. Si votre futur directeur ne r\u00e9pond pas \u00e0 vos mails et que vous \u00eates oblig\u00e9 de le relancer, \u00e7a commence mal&#8230;<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h3>B. Le choix du sujet de th\u00e8se<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>Si vous n&rsquo;avez pas d&rsquo;id\u00e9e pr\u00e9cise, votre directeur de th\u00e8se doit pouvoir vous aiguiller sur un sujet de th\u00e8se concernant son domaine de recherche.&nbsp;Votre sujet devra vous motiver suffisamment ainsi que votre directeur.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Globalement vous aurez le choix entre la recherche qualitative et quantitative. D&rsquo;autres m\u00e9thodologies et&nbsp;divers formats existent : p\u00e9dagogique, sociologique, historique, \u00e9thique&#8230; m\u00eame en <a href=\"https:\/\/www.biusante.parisdescartes.fr\/ressources\/pdf\/histmed-asclepiades-pdf-tisseron.pdf\">BD<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Attention, <strong>le sujet doit vous int\u00e9resser !<\/strong> \u00e9vitez les sujets abandonn\u00e9s par d&rsquo;autres internes ou les projets trop ambitieux.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Choix d&rsquo;un co-th\u00e9sard <\/strong>: de plus en plus de th\u00e8ses sont r\u00e9alis\u00e9es \u00e0 plusieurs internes afin de partager la quantit\u00e9 de travail et de permettre la r\u00e9alisation de travaux\u00a0de plus grand impact. Renseignez-vous au sein de votre universit\u00e9 si elle autorise ce type de th\u00e8se et renseignez-vous sur vos potentiels co-th\u00e9sards car la qualit\u00e9 du travail final d\u00e9pendra de tous.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 id=\"qualiquanti\">C. Th\u00e8se qualitative ou quantitative ?<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>La recherche qualitative est une m\u00e9thode de recherche r\u00e9cente (apparition du terme MeSH en 2003) qui permet de r\u00e9pondre \u00e0 certaines questions de recherche en m\u00e9decine g\u00e9n\u00e9rale.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Cette m\u00e9thode attire certains \u00e9tudiants afin d&rsquo;\u00e9viter de r\u00e9aliser des analyses statistiques, elle semble facile : <em>\u00ab\u00a0Il suffit de faire quelques entretiens et les retranscrire&#8230;\u00a0\u00bb <\/em>et rapide :\u00a0<em>\u00ab\u00a0Pas besoin d&rsquo;aller fouiller des dossiers m\u00e9dicaux\u00a0\u00bb.<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Malheureusement, <strong>ce raisonnement est incorrect <\/strong>:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul><li>Pas de statistique mais il faut<strong> savoir\u00a0coder des donn\u00e9es qualitatives<\/strong><\/li><li>Il faut <strong>se former \u00e0 une nouvelle m\u00e9thode<\/strong> rarement abord\u00e9e en sant\u00e9<\/li><li><strong>L&rsquo;investissement en temps est important<\/strong>, notamment pour retranscrire les entretiens puis les coder.<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>Pour les internes, avant de choisir de r\u00e9aliser une \u00e9tude qualitative, mieux vaut&nbsp;peser les avantages et les inconv\u00e9nients. Cette m\u00e9thode doit correspondre question&nbsp;de recherche et susciter votre&nbsp;int\u00e9r\u00eat. Vous pouvez vous r\u00e9f\u00e9rer au <a href=\"https:\/\/lepcam.fr\/index.php\/les-etapes\/id_quali\/\">chapitre sp\u00e9cifique sur la recherche qualitative.<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Pour les directeurs de th\u00e8se, vous pourrez retrouver les principaux obstacles \u00e0 la r\u00e9alisation de th\u00e8se qualitative en m\u00e9decine g\u00e9n\u00e9rale dans <a href=\"https:\/\/www.exercer.fr\/article\/download\/236?save=1\">cet article d&rsquo;Exercer<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 id=\"modalite\">D. Modalit\u00e9s administratives et universitaires<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>Chaque facult\u00e9 dispose d&rsquo;un bureau des th\u00e8ses o\u00f9 vous trouvez les ressources n\u00e9cessaires. Pour les m\u00e9decins, vous pourrez pr\u00e9senter\u00a0votre th\u00e8se \u00e0 partir de 3 semestres valid\u00e9s.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Une fois votre th\u00e9matique, votre sujet et la m\u00e9thodologie choisies, certaines sp\u00e9cialit\u00e9s exigent que vous fassiez valider votre projet par une commission.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 id=\"planifier\">E. Planifier son travail<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>Une th\u00e8se de m\u00e9decine dure au moins 12 mois. N&rsquo;h\u00e9sitez pas \u00e0 pr\u00e9voir large, surtout si on vous a propos\u00e9 un poste d\u00e9butant \u00e0 une date fixe.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Dans son guide du th\u00e9sard <span class=\"zp-InText-zp-ID--1093634-B3UEABVC--wp58 zp-InText-Citation loading\" rel=\"{ 'pages': 'np', 'items': '{1093634:B3UEABVC}', 'format': '(%num%)', 'brackets': '', 'etal': '', 'separator': '', 'and': '' }\"><\/span>, H. Maisonneuve vous propose le r\u00e9troplanning suivant :<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><img data-attachment-id=\"1445\" data-permalink=\"https:\/\/lepcam.fr\/?attachment_id=1445\" data-orig-file=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/lepcam.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/02\/Capture-d\u2019e\u0301cran-2016-06-06-a\u0300-22.53.08.png?fit=1116%2C1006&amp;ssl=1\" data-orig-size=\"1116,1006\" data-comments-opened=\"1\" data-image-meta=\"{&quot;aperture&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;credit&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;camera&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;caption&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;created_timestamp&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;copyright&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;focal_length&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;iso&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;shutter_speed&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;title&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;orientation&quot;:&quot;0&quot;}\" data-image-title=\"retroplanning\" data-image-description=\"&lt;p&gt;Guide du th\u00e9sard&lt;\/p&gt;\n\" data-image-caption=\"\" data-medium-file=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/lepcam.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/02\/Capture-d\u2019e\u0301cran-2016-06-06-a\u0300-22.53.08.png?fit=300%2C270&amp;ssl=1\" data-large-file=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/lepcam.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/02\/Capture-d\u2019e\u0301cran-2016-06-06-a\u0300-22.53.08.png?fit=629%2C567&amp;ssl=1\" decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" width=\"629\" height=\"567\" src=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/lepcam.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/02\/Capture-d\u2019e\u0301cran-2016-06-06-a\u0300-22.53.08-1024x923.png?resize=629%2C567&#038;ssl=1\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-1445\" srcset=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/lepcam.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/02\/Capture-d\u2019e\u0301cran-2016-06-06-a\u0300-22.53.08.png?resize=1024%2C923&amp;ssl=1 1024w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/lepcam.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/02\/Capture-d\u2019e\u0301cran-2016-06-06-a\u0300-22.53.08.png?resize=300%2C270&amp;ssl=1 300w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/lepcam.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/02\/Capture-d\u2019e\u0301cran-2016-06-06-a\u0300-22.53.08.png?resize=600%2C541&amp;ssl=1 600w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/lepcam.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/02\/Capture-d\u2019e\u0301cran-2016-06-06-a\u0300-22.53.08.png?resize=900%2C811&amp;ssl=1 900w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/lepcam.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/02\/Capture-d\u2019e\u0301cran-2016-06-06-a\u0300-22.53.08.png?w=1116&amp;ssl=1 1116w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 629px) 100vw, 629px\" data-recalc-dims=\"1\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<h2 id=\"pendant\">II. Le travail de recherche<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>Un travail de recherche suit presque toujours un processus identique.\u00a0On peut le d\u00e9composer en 8 \u00e9tapes chronologiques :<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ol><li><strong>De l\u2019id\u00e9e \u00e0 la recherche documentaire\u00a0<\/strong>: en partant d\u2019une id\u00e9e de recherche, trouvez la question de recherche pertinente \u00e0 l\u2019aide de la recherche\u00a0documentaire<\/li><li><strong>Identifier la question et le type d\u2019\u00e9tude adapt\u00e9<\/strong>\u00a0:identifiez la question de recherche d\u2019une \u00e9tude et comprenez les principaux types d\u2019\u00e9tudes.<\/li><li><strong>\u00c9laborer un protocole\u00a0<\/strong>: cr\u00e9ez un protocole de qualit\u00e9 pour votre \u00e9tude, comprenant le respect de la r\u00e9glementation, l\u2019\u00e9thique et la m\u00e9thodologie<\/li><li><strong>Recueil et saisie des donn\u00e9es<\/strong> : apprenez \u00e0 r\u00e9aliser un questionnaire et un entretien, \u00e0 recueillir et saisir les donn\u00e9es<\/li><li><strong>Analyse des r\u00e9sultats\u00a0<\/strong>: analyser correctement des donn\u00e9es quantitatives (statistiques) et qualitatives (th\u00e9orie ancr\u00e9e et ph\u00e9nom\u00e9nologie interpr\u00e9tative)<\/li><li><strong>Interpr\u00e9tation et critique\u00a0des r\u00e9sultats\u00a0<\/strong>: interpr\u00e9tez correctement les r\u00e9sultats d\u2019un article et d\u00e9veloppez une analyse critique de sa qualit\u00e9<\/li><li><strong>R\u00e9daction, communication et publication<\/strong>\u00a0: d\u00e9chiffrez les diff\u00e9rentes parties d\u2019un article original, r\u00e9digez votre th\u00e8se ou votre article, communiquez vos r\u00e9sultats \u00e0 un congr\u00e8s et publiez votre travail\u00a0dans une revue.<\/li><\/ol>\n\n\n\n<h2 id=\"apr\u00e8s\">III. La r\u00e9daction et la relecture<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<h3 id=\"relecture\">A. Relecture<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>Avant d&rsquo;imprimer le texte d\u00e9finitif, vous devez faire relire votre th\u00e8se par des relecteurs. Vous pouvez les choisir librement.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Vous pouvez choisir 1 ou 2 relecteurs de votre famille qui pourront corriger les erreurs de frappes ou les fautes d&rsquo;orthographe, ainsi que des\u00a0coll\u00e8gues qui pourront critiquer le fond du travail.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Certains logiciels de correction d&rsquo;orthographe et de grammaire sont aussi tr\u00e8s performants comme Antidote de chez Druide.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 id=\"chapitre\">B. Les chapitres suppl\u00e9mentaires<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>Votre th\u00e8se devra inclure certaines parties impos\u00e9es par votre universit\u00e9 :<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul><li>Couverture<\/li><li>Liste des professeurs et\/ou ma\u00eetres de conf\u00e9rence de l&rsquo;universit\u00e9<\/li><li>Serment d&rsquo;Hippocrate<\/li><li>D\u00e9dicaces et remerciement<\/li><li>Table des mati\u00e8res<\/li><li>Liste des abr\u00e9viations<\/li><li>Annexes<\/li><li>R\u00e9sum\u00e9 anglais-fran\u00e7ais<\/li><li>4\u00e8me de couverture<\/li><li>&#8230;<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h3 id=\"impression\">C. Impression<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>V\u00e9rifier d&rsquo;abord les recommandations de votre universit\u00e9 : grammage du papier, format&#8230;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Habituellement, on choisit :<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul><li>Grammage : d&rsquo;au moins 80 g\/cm2 afin que la feuille ne soit pas trop transparente<\/li><li>Format : A4 avec des marges suffisantes<\/li><li>Reliure : thermocoll\u00e9e<\/li><li>Num\u00e9rotation : chiffres arabes<\/li><li>Typographie\u00a0: privil\u00e9giez une police sans empattement (sans serif) type helvatica, futura, arial. Certains utilisent un empattement triangulaire type Times ou palatino. Cette typographie \u00e9tait\u00a0utilis\u00e9e par les journaux de presse afin de faciliter l&rsquo;impression.<\/li><li>Garder la m\u00eame typographie dans tout le texte (titre, paragraphe&#8230;)<\/li><li>1 exemplaire par membre du jury et pour votre famille, ainsi que quelques exemplaires en plus.<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h3 id=\"permis\">D. Permis d&rsquo;imprimer<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>Une fois votre th\u00e8se pr\u00eate, vous devez faire une demande de \u00ab\u00a0permis d&rsquo;imprimer\u00a0\u00bb. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Accompagn\u00e9e de certains documents, votre th\u00e8se non reli\u00e9e doit \u00eatre d\u00e9pos\u00e9e au bureau des th\u00e8ses pour \u00eatre valid\u00e9e. Attention aux d\u00e9lais, il faut souvent la d\u00e9poser au moins 1 mois ouvert avant la soumission. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Le \u00ab\u00a0permis d&rsquo;imprimer\u00a0\u00bb vous sera d\u00e9livr\u00e9 1 semaine avant vote soumission, vous autorisant \u00e0 soutenir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 id=\"soutenir\">IV. Soutenir<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<h3 id=\"jury\">A. Choisir son jury<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>Il faut compter plusieurs semaines pour choisir son jury \u00e0 l&rsquo;aide de son directeur de th\u00e8se et pour convenir d&rsquo;une date.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Le jury sera charg\u00e9 d&rsquo;\u00e9valuer votre travail. Apr\u00e8s avoir lu votre th\u00e8se, il \u00e9coutera votre pr\u00e9sentation lors de votre soutenance, vous posera des questions, validera votre th\u00e8se et vous accordera, au besoin, une distinction.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul><li><strong>Pr\u00e9sident du jury <\/strong>: il doit avoir la fonction de PU (Professeur Universitaire) et doit \u00eatre en exercice. Attention, habituellement, la soumission de th\u00e8se se d\u00e9roule dans l&rsquo;universit\u00e9 de votre pr\u00e9sident de jury.<\/li><li><strong>Membres du jury <\/strong>: au total, ils doivent \u00eatre au moins 4, comprenant 3 enseignants titulaires&nbsp;(PU ou MCU). Votre directeur de th\u00e8se en fait partie. \u00c9tant des enseignants contractuels, les chefs de cliniques ne sont pas \u00e9ligibles.<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>La proposition de jury doit \u00eatre accept\u00e9e par le directeur de l&rsquo;universit\u00e9 et ne sera plus modifiable.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<blockquote class=\"wp-block-quote\"><p>La th\u00e8se conduisant au dipl\u00f4me d\u2019\u00c9tat de docteur en m\u00e9decine est soutenue devant un jury pr\u00e9sid\u00e9 par un professeur des universit\u00e9s des disciplines m\u00e9dicales titulaire et compos\u00e9 d&rsquo;au moins quatre membres dont trois enseignants titulaires des disciplines m\u00e9dicales d\u00e9sign\u00e9es par le pr\u00e9sident de l&rsquo;universit\u00e9 sur proposition du directeur de l&rsquo;unit\u00e9 de formation et de recherche m\u00e9dicale concern\u00e9e.<\/p><cite>section II, article 20 du d\u00e9cret n\u00b02004-67 du 16 janvier 2004 relatif \u00e0 l&rsquo;organisation du troisi\u00e8me cycle des \u00e9tudes m\u00e9dicales et du d\u00e9cret n\u00b02010- 700 du 25 juin 2010 modifiant le d\u00e9cret n\u00b02004-67 du 16 janvier 2004<\/cite><\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n<h3 id=\"date\">B. Convenir d&rsquo;une date<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>Attention \u00e0 bien choisir la date. Anticipez plusieurs semaines en avance, surtout si vous souhaitez passer en octobre (\u00e0 cause d&rsquo;une prise en fonction universitaire en novembre).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Apr\u00e8s s&rsquo;\u00eatre assur\u00e9 que la salle des th\u00e8ses \u00e9tait disponible, organisez le choix de la date et de l&rsquo;horaire (en utilisant le logiciel <a href=\"https:\/\/www.google.fr\/url?sa=t&amp;rct=j&amp;q=&amp;esrc=s&amp;source=web&amp;cd=1&amp;cad=rja&amp;uact=8&amp;ved=0ahUKEwjMr5SI15XNAhWJ2hoKHRAhAPAQFggdMAA&amp;url=http%3A%2F%2Fdoodle.com%2Ffr%2F&amp;usg=AFQjCNESA7HlzfWvhj6CxC0PAiKms-89eA&amp;sig2=wy61KS6f76VkMdprZXtq8A\">Doodle<\/a> par exemple). R\u00e9servez-la et envoyez une confirmation \u00e0 votre jury.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 id=\"soutenance\">C. La&nbsp;soutenance<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>Vous disposez de 15-20 min pour exposer oralement votre travail de recherche \u00e0 l&rsquo;aide d&rsquo;une pr\u00e9sentation \u00e9crite. Il s&rsquo;ensuivra une s\u00e9ance de questions du jury pour \u00e9claircir certains points.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Pour la communication orale, vous pouvez vous r\u00e9f\u00e9rer au <a href=\"https:\/\/lepcam.fr\/index.php\/les-etapes\/communication\/#orale\">chapitre d\u00e9di\u00e9 <\/a>de LEPCAM.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Apr\u00e8s une d\u00e9lib\u00e9ration, le jury rendra son verdict : re\u00e7u avec\/sans correction.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Il pourra d\u00e9cider d&rsquo;attribuer une mention votre travail en vous remettant les f\u00e9licitations du jury ou une m\u00e9daille.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 id=\"apres\">D. Et apr\u00e8s ?<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>Ap\u00e9ro !<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Traditionnellement, la soutenance est suivie d&rsquo;un <strong>\u00ab\u00a0pot de th\u00e8se\u00a0\u00bb<\/strong> organis\u00e9 par la famille permettant au th\u00e9sard, aux auditeurs&nbsp;et aux membres de jury de se d\u00e9salt\u00e9rer et d&rsquo;\u00e9changer quelques mots.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Des certificats provisoires seront d\u00e9livr\u00e9s par la facult\u00e9 pour permettre les d\u00e9marches administratives (inscription \u00e0 l&rsquo;Ordre notamment).<br>NB : Il existe un r\u00e9f\u00e9rentiel&nbsp;gratuit \u00ab\u00a0Le guide du th\u00e9sard\u00a0\u00bb <span class=\"zp-InText-zp-ID--1093634-B3UEABVC--wp58 zp-InText-Citation loading\" rel=\"{ 'pages': 'np', 'items': '{1093634:B3UEABVC}', 'format': '(%a%, %d%, %p%)', 'brackets': '', 'etal': '', 'separator': '', 'and': '' }\"><\/span>. Bien qu&rsquo;il soit \u00e9dit\u00e9 par le laboratoire Sanofi, n&rsquo;h\u00e9sitez pas \u00e0 le consulter.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h1 id=\"publier\">\u00ab&nbsp;Publish or perish&nbsp;\u00bb \/ Postdoc<\/h1>\n\n\n\n<p>La carri\u00e8re universitaire est un parcours sem\u00e9 d&#8217;embuches.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Une pr\u00e9occupation importante des chercheurs (ou plut\u00f4t des universitaires) est de publier dans une revue avec l&rsquo;impact factor le plus \u00e9lev\u00e9. Mais pourquoi cette obsession ?<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Tout est question d&rsquo;argent et de renomm\u00e9e :<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul><li><strong>Les unit\u00e9s de recherche de gagnent de l\u2019argent pour chaque point<\/strong> SIGAPS : 1 point = 750\u00a0euros environ (par an pour une p\u00e9riode de 4 ans)<\/li><li><strong>Les chercheurs gagnent en notori\u00e9t\u00e9 leur permettant postuler \u00e0 des postes universitaires<\/strong>. Les candidats MCU (Ma\u00eetre de Conf\u00e9rence des Universit\u00e9s) doivent habituellement avoir au moins 200 points SIGPAS et les candidats PU au moins 400.<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>Ainsi, la bibliom\u00e9trie est l\u2019application de <strong>m\u00e9thodes statistiques et math\u00e9matiques<\/strong> pour mesurer, \u00e9valuer, \u00e9tudier, la production et la diffusion d&rsquo;ouvrages, d&rsquo;articles et d&rsquo;autres publications. Les indicateurs issus de la bibliom\u00e9trie permettent de classer les chercheurs et les organisations. Un <a href=\"https:\/\/formadoct.doctorat-bretagneloire.fr\/c.php?g=491555\">guide<\/a> d\u00e9taill\u00e9 a \u00e9t\u00e9 \u00e9labor\u00e9 par l&rsquo;Universit\u00e9 de Bretagne<span class=\"zp-InText-zp-ID--1093634-SNHMFRI7--wp58 zp-InText-Citation loading\" rel=\"{ 'pages': 'np', 'items': '{1093634:SNHMFRI7}', 'format': '(%num%)', 'brackets': '', 'etal': '', 'separator': '', 'and': '' }\"><\/span>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 id=\"sigaps\">I. Les points SIGAPS<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>Le SIGAPS (Syst\u00e8me d\u2019Interrogation, de Gestion et d\u2019Analyse des Publications Scientifiques)&nbsp;permet de calculer de nombre de points que gagne chaque chercheur, service ou universit\u00e9 gr\u00e2ce \u00e0 une publication. Le score SIGAPS d&rsquo;un chercheur, d&rsquo;un service ou d&rsquo;un CHU correspond \u00e0 la somme des scores de tous ses articles.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>L&rsquo;\u00e9quation pour calculer les points SIGAPS est la suivante :<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Score SIGAPS pour 1 article = coefficient cat\u00e9gorie x coefficient position.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul><li>Plus la <strong>revue est importante<\/strong>, plus son IF sera \u00e9lev\u00e9, plus la cat\u00e9gorie sera \u00e9lev\u00e9e, plus elle fait gagner des points.<\/li><li>Plus votre <strong>nom est bien plac\u00e9<\/strong>&nbsp;dans la publication (d\u00e9but ou fin), plus vous gagnez des points.<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h3 id=\"financement\">A. Le financement de la recherche<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>Avant 2007, le financement des CHU (Centres&nbsp;Hospitalo-Universitaires) d\u00e9pendait d&rsquo;une enveloppe forfaitaire repr\u00e9sentant 10,5 \u00e0 13&nbsp;% du budget du CHU.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>En 2007 est apparu <strong>le<\/strong> <strong>mod\u00e8le MERRI<\/strong> (Missions d&rsquo;Enseignement de Recherche de R\u00e9f\u00e9rence et d&rsquo;Innovation) modifiant les modalit\u00e9s&nbsp;de financement. Il comprend une part :<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul><li><strong>Fixe<\/strong> pour couvrir les surco\u00fbts li\u00e9s au temps attribu\u00e9s \u00e0 l&rsquo;enseignement et la recherche d\u00e9duit du temps m\u00e9dical.<\/li><li><strong>Variable <\/strong><span class=\"zp-InText-zp-ID--1093634-C6ASPCAN--wp58 zp-InText-Citation loading\" rel=\"{ 'pages': 'np', 'items': '{1093634:C6ASPCAN}', 'format': '(%num%)', 'brackets': '', 'etal': '', 'separator': '', 'and': '' }\"><\/span> couvrant les structures d&rsquo;appui \u00e0 la recherche clinique (CIC, DRCI), les PHRC (Programme Hospitalier de Recherche Clinique), l&rsquo;enseignement et la formation du personnel, les activit\u00e9s hautement sp\u00e9cialis\u00e9es, les activit\u00e9s de soins r\u00e9alis\u00e9es \u00e0 des fins exp\u00e9rimentales, la r\u00e9alisation&nbsp;de soins non couverts par les nomenclatures ou les tarifs (ex. Autorisation Temporaire d&rsquo;Utilisation, Biologie Hors Nomenclature).<\/li><li><strong>Modulable<\/strong> d\u00e9pendant des <strong>publications,<\/strong> du nombre d&rsquo;\u00e9tudiants, des brevets et des scores li\u00e9s aux essais cliniques.<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>D\u00e9velopp\u00e9 par le CHU de Lille en 2002, le <strong>Syst\u00e8me d\u2019Interrogation, de Gestion et d\u2019Analyse des Publications Scientifiques SIGAPS&nbsp;<\/strong>permet de&nbsp;recenser et \u00e9valuer automatiquement les r\u00e9f\u00e9rences bibliographiques produites par un chercheur ou une unit\u00e9 de recherche, \u00e0 partir de la base Medline (Pubmed). Il a \u00e9t\u00e9 adopt\u00e9 en 2007 pour <strong>\u00e9valuer les publications<\/strong> scientifiques de la partie \u00ab\u00a0modulable\u00a0\u00bb du MERRI.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>A noter que les <strong>D\u00e9partements de M\u00e9decine G\u00e9n\u00e9rale ne sont pas sujets au MERRI et ne d\u00e9pendent pas du SIGAPS <\/strong>pour leur financement. De plus, la m\u00e9decine g\u00e9n\u00e9rale qui dispose\u00a0d\u00e9sormais de sa propre sous-section au CNU, ne prend pas compte des points SIGAPS dans la nomination de ses universitaires.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 id=\"referencement\">B. Le r\u00e9f\u00e9rencement des publications<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>Le logiciel interroge la base de donn\u00e9es Medline \u00e0 partir de PubMed. Chaque chercheur est identifi\u00e9 avec son nom et son initial. Le logiciel&nbsp;t\u00e9l\u00e9charge&nbsp;les citations correspondantes pour valider ce r\u00e9f\u00e9rencement en 2 \u00e9tapes :<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul><li><strong>informatique<\/strong> : en recoupant des informations tel l&rsquo;\u00e9tablissement<\/li><li><strong>manuelle<\/strong> : \u00e0 partir d&rsquo;une liste de publications pr\u00e9s\u00e9lectionn\u00e9es, le chercheur validera annuellement les publications dont il est bien l&rsquo;auteur.<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h3 id=\"calcul\">C. Le calcul du score SIGAPS <span class=\"zp-InText-zp-ID--1093634-I6JCJ54Q--wp58 zp-InText-Citation loading\" rel=\"{ 'pages': 'np', 'items': '{1093634:I6JCJ54Q}', 'format': '(%num%)', 'brackets': '', 'etal': '', 'separator': '', 'and': '' }\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>Le logiciel va permettre de calculer un score pour l&rsquo;\u00e9tablissement, le service, le chercheur. Il est calcul\u00e9 <strong>annuellement<\/strong> bas\u00e9 sur :<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul><li><strong>le<\/strong>\u00a0<strong>nombre<\/strong> de publications<\/li><li><strong>la<\/strong>\u00a0<strong>qualit\u00e9<\/strong> de la revue \u00e0 travers l&rsquo;impact facteur \u00ab\u00a0relatif\u00a0\u00bb<\/li><li><strong>la<\/strong> <strong>position<\/strong> de l&rsquo;auteur dans la publication<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h4><strong>1. La qualit\u00e9 de la revue<\/strong><\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p>Elle est \u00e9valu\u00e9e par l&rsquo;impact factor d&rsquo;une revue (issu&nbsp;du JCR, cf au <a href=\"https:\/\/lepcam.fr\/index.php\/les-etapes\/critique-donnees\/#revue\">chapitre correspondant<\/a>) au sein d&rsquo;une discipline (issu du CNU, Conseil National des Universit\u00e9s). En effet, la difficult\u00e9 \u00e0 publier dans une revue d&rsquo;impact factor (IF) \u00e9lev\u00e9 d\u00e9pend de la discipline.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Les revues&nbsp;sont class\u00e9es en <strong>5 cat\u00e9gories (de A \u00e0 E)<\/strong> en fonction de leur IF.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Il existe une <strong>6\u00e8me cat\u00e9gorie appel\u00e9e NC (Non Class\u00e9e)<\/strong>, correspondant aux revues n&rsquo;ayant pas&nbsp;d&rsquo;IF (non class\u00e9e sur JCR). Ces revues repr\u00e9sentent 12&nbsp;% des articles publi\u00e9s, et correspondent \u00e0 :<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul><li>Surtout les&nbsp;publications dans des<strong> revues fran\u00e7aises<\/strong> qui sont souvent tr\u00e8s <strong>peu&nbsp;r\u00e9f\u00e9renc\u00e9es<\/strong> dans le JCR.<\/li><li>Les&nbsp;publications de <strong>revues r\u00e9centes<\/strong> (&lt;2-3 ans) car l&rsquo;IF se calcule sur plusieurs ann\u00e9es.<\/li><li>Certaines&nbsp;publications lors de <strong>congr\u00e8s<\/strong> r\u00e9f\u00e9renc\u00e9s sur PubMed (<em>proceeding)<\/em> mais non r\u00e9f\u00e9renc\u00e9es dans le JCR.<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>Pour chaque discipline, <strong>on calcule plusieurs&nbsp;indices de position de l&rsquo;IF<\/strong> : le 1er <strong>quartile<\/strong> (Q1), la m\u00e9diane (ou 2\u00e8me quartile), le 3\u00e8me quartile (Q3) et <strong>90\u00e8me percentile (P90)<\/strong>. On regarde ensuite o\u00f9 se trouve l&rsquo;IF de la revue dans laquelle on a publi\u00e9, ce qui permet de d\u00e9terminer la cat\u00e9gorie de la revue. Le classement SIGAPS des revues est accessible sur le site de votre CHU, par d\u00e9duction, les g\u00e9n\u00e9ralistes n&rsquo;ont pas de classement SIGAPS.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><img data-attachment-id=\"1607\" data-permalink=\"https:\/\/lepcam.fr\/capture-decran-2016-06-20-a-19-54-33\/\" data-orig-file=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/lepcam.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/06\/Capture-d\u2019e\u0301cran-2016-06-20-a\u0300-19.54.33.png?fit=1216%2C348&amp;ssl=1\" data-orig-size=\"1216,348\" data-comments-opened=\"1\" data-image-meta=\"{&quot;aperture&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;credit&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;camera&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;caption&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;created_timestamp&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;copyright&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;focal_length&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;iso&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;shutter_speed&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;title&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;orientation&quot;:&quot;0&quot;}\" data-image-title=\"IF categorie SIGAPS\" data-image-description=\"\" data-image-caption=\"\" data-medium-file=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/lepcam.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/06\/Capture-d\u2019e\u0301cran-2016-06-20-a\u0300-19.54.33.png?fit=300%2C86&amp;ssl=1\" data-large-file=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/lepcam.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/06\/Capture-d\u2019e\u0301cran-2016-06-20-a\u0300-19.54.33.png?fit=629%2C180&amp;ssl=1\" decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" width=\"629\" height=\"180\" src=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/lepcam.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/06\/Capture-d\u2019e\u0301cran-2016-06-20-a\u0300-19.54.33-1024x293.png?resize=629%2C180&#038;ssl=1\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-1607\" srcset=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/lepcam.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/06\/Capture-d\u2019e\u0301cran-2016-06-20-a\u0300-19.54.33.png?resize=1024%2C293&amp;ssl=1 1024w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/lepcam.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/06\/Capture-d\u2019e\u0301cran-2016-06-20-a\u0300-19.54.33.png?resize=300%2C86&amp;ssl=1 300w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/lepcam.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/06\/Capture-d\u2019e\u0301cran-2016-06-20-a\u0300-19.54.33.png?resize=900%2C258&amp;ssl=1 900w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/lepcam.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/06\/Capture-d\u2019e\u0301cran-2016-06-20-a\u0300-19.54.33.png?w=1216&amp;ssl=1 1216w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 629px) 100vw, 629px\" data-recalc-dims=\"1\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p>Chaque cat\u00e9gorie correspond \u00e0 un nombre de points :<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-table\"><table><tbody><tr><td>cat\u00e9gorie de la revue<\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\">A<\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\">B<\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\">C<\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\">D<\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\">E<\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\">NC<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>nombre de points<\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\">8<\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\">6<\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\">4<\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\">3<\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\">2<\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\">1<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<h4><strong>2. La position de l&rsquo;auteur<\/strong><\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p>Certaines positions sont strat\u00e9giques lors de la publication d&rsquo;un article. En fonction du placement de son nom dans les auteurs, le nombre de points se diff\u00e9rent :<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-table aligncenter is-style-regular\"><table><tbody><tr><td>position de l&rsquo;auteur<\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\">1er<\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\">2\u00e8me<\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\">3\u00e8me<\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\">autre<\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\">avant dernier<\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\">dernier<\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\">investigateur<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>nombre de points<\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\">4<\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\">3<\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\">2<\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\">1<\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\">3<\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\">4<\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\">1<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><figcaption>position de l&rsquo;auteur<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n<div style=\"margin: auto; width: auto; \"><h3 class='azc_tsh_toggle' style='border: 0px solid #00F000; background-color: #ffffff; '><a href='#' style='color: #CC6666; font-family: inherit; font-size: 0.6em; '>Cliquez ici pour afficher une image humoristique<\/a><\/h3><div class='azc_tsh_toggle_container' style='border: 0px solid #00F000; background-color: #ffffff; color: #000000; font-family: inherit; font-size: 100%; font-weight: normal; '><\/p>\n<p><img data-attachment-id=\"589\" data-permalink=\"https:\/\/lepcam.fr\/index.php\/les-etapes\/redaction\/auteur-comic\/\" data-orig-file=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/lepcam.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/04\/auteur-comic-e1462179185768.png?fit=1121%2C436&amp;ssl=1\" data-orig-size=\"1121,436\" data-comments-opened=\"1\" data-image-meta=\"{&quot;aperture&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;credit&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;camera&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;caption&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;created_timestamp&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;copyright&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;focal_length&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;iso&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;shutter_speed&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;title&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;orientation&quot;:&quot;0&quot;}\" data-image-title=\"auteur comic\" data-image-description=\"\" data-image-caption=\"\" data-medium-file=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/lepcam.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/04\/auteur-comic-e1462179185768.png?fit=300%2C117&amp;ssl=1\" data-large-file=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/lepcam.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/04\/auteur-comic-e1462179185768.png?fit=629%2C244&amp;ssl=1\" decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" class=\"aligncenter wp-image-589 size-large\" src=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/lepcam.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/04\/auteur-comic-e1462179185768-1024x398.png?resize=629%2C244&#038;ssl=1\" alt=\"auteur comic\" width=\"629\" height=\"244\" srcset=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/lepcam.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/04\/auteur-comic-e1462179185768.png?resize=1024%2C398&amp;ssl=1 1024w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/lepcam.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/04\/auteur-comic-e1462179185768.png?resize=300%2C117&amp;ssl=1 300w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/lepcam.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/04\/auteur-comic-e1462179185768.png?resize=900%2C350&amp;ssl=1 900w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/lepcam.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/04\/auteur-comic-e1462179185768.png?resize=600%2C233&amp;ssl=1 600w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/lepcam.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/04\/auteur-comic-e1462179185768.png?w=1121&amp;ssl=1 1121w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 629px) 100vw, 629px\" data-recalc-dims=\"1\" \/><\/p>\n<p><\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n<p>Cas particulier :<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul><li>Si plusieurs auteurs d&rsquo;une m\u00eame \u00e9quipe se trouvent dans un article, on prendra seulement le score le plus \u00e9lev\u00e9.<\/li><li>Si 2 auteurs sur une m\u00eame publication font partie d&rsquo;un p\u00f4le diff\u00e9rent au sein d&rsquo;un CHU, chaque p\u00f4le pourra comptabiliser ses scores mais le CHU ne comptera que le meilleur.<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h2 id=\"sampra\">II. SAMPRA<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>SAMPRA est un nouvel outil bibliom\u00e9trique compl\u00e9mentaire au SIGAPS en cours de d\u00e9veloppement au CHU de Lille<span class=\"zp-InText-zp-ID--1093634-Z3TD2RJ4--wp58 zp-InText-Citation loading\" rel=\"{ 'pages': 'np', 'items': '{1093634:Z3TD2RJ4}', 'format': '(%num%)', 'brackets': '', 'etal': '', 'separator': '', 'and': '' }\"><\/span>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Il permet de mieux recenser les publications d&rsquo;un \u00e9tablissement (et non pas d&rsquo;un chercheur seul).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Alors que SIGAPS est plus orient\u00e9 pour les h\u00f4pitaux, SAMPRA concerne plut\u00f4t les universit\u00e9s et \u00e9tablissements de recherche.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Il a l&rsquo;avantage :<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul><li>d&rsquo;apporter une meilleure visibilit\u00e9 des \u00e9tablissements, des unit\u00e9s et des chercheurs.<\/li><li>D&rsquo;harmoniser l&rsquo;indexation des auteurs pour qu&rsquo;ils soient mieux r\u00e9f\u00e9renc\u00e9s<\/li><li>De couvrir un domaine de recherche plus large en interrogeant aussi le Web of Science Core Collection (Thomson Reuters) alors que SIGAPs n&rsquo;interroge que PubMed.<\/li><li>De mieux identifier les auteurs en utilisant l&rsquo;ORCID et le ResercherID.<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>En revanche :<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul><li>Il ne concerne pas les chercheurs ind\u00e9pendants ou les maisons de sant\u00e9 universitaire \u00e0 moins d&rsquo;avoir une activit\u00e9 de publication suffisamment importante<\/li><li>Il ne prend toujours pas en compte l&rsquo;activit\u00e9 d&rsquo;enseignement des chercheurs<\/li><li>Il n&rsquo;influe pas sur l&rsquo;attribution des cr\u00e9dits MERRI<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator\"\/>\n\n\n\n\n<div id='zp-InTextBib-zotpress-ec53cb8a01730a3b88ec88fa22304afb' class='zp-Zotpress zp-Zotpress-InTextBib wp-block-group zp-Post-58'>\r\n\t\t<span class=\"ZP_ITEM_KEY 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id=\"zp-ID-58-1093634-WSNAV6FU\" data-zp-author-date='-0000-00-00' data-zp-date-author='0000-00-00-' data-zp-date='0000-00-00' data-zp-year='0000' data-zp-itemtype='annotation' class=\"zp-Entry zpSearchResultsItem\">\n<div class=\"csl-bib-body\" style=\"line-height: 1.35; \">\n  <div class=\"csl-entry\" style=\"clear: left; \">\n    <div class=\"csl-left-margin\" style=\"float: left; padding-right: 0.5em; text-align: right; width: 1em;\">1.<\/div><div class=\"csl-right-inline\" style=\"margin: 0 .4em 0 1.5em;\">3.7\u2013.<\/div>\n   <\/div>\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div><!-- .zp-Entry .zpSearchResultsItem -->\t\t\t\t<div id=\"zp-ID-58-1093634-5C83BXKP\" data-zp-author-date='-0000-00-00' data-zp-date-author='0000-00-00-' data-zp-date='0000-00-00' data-zp-year='0000' data-zp-itemtype='annotation' class=\"zp-Entry zpSearchResultsItem\">\n<div class=\"csl-bib-body\" style=\"line-height: 1.35; \">\n  <div class=\"csl-entry\" style=\"clear: left; \">\n    <div class=\"csl-left-margin\" style=\"float: left; padding-right: 0.5em; text-align: right; width: 1em;\">1.<\/div><div class=\"csl-right-inline\" style=\"margin: 0 .4em 0 1.5em;\">13.4% of participants fell within the KDIGO 2012 moderate risk CKD, 0.9\u20135.6% within the high-risk group and 0.3\u20134.8% within the very high-risk group.<\/div>\n   <\/div>\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div><!-- .zp-Entry .zpSearchResultsItem -->\t\t\t\t<div id=\"zp-ID-58-1093634-U7VZZSRR\" data-zp-author-date='-0000-00-00' data-zp-date-author='0000-00-00-' data-zp-date='0000-00-00' data-zp-year='0000' data-zp-itemtype='annotation' class=\"zp-Entry zpSearchResultsItem\">\n<div class=\"csl-bib-body\" style=\"line-height: 1.35; \">\n  <div class=\"csl-entry\" style=\"clear: left; \">\n    <div class=\"csl-left-margin\" style=\"float: left; padding-right: 0.5em; text-align: right; width: 1em;\">1.<\/div><div class=\"csl-right-inline\" style=\"margin: 0 .4em 0 1.5em;\">Orlandi PF, Huang J, Fukagawa M, et al. A collaborative, individual-level analysis compared longitudinal outcomes across the International Network of Chronic Kidney Disease (iNETCKD) cohorts. Kidney Int. 2019;96:1217\u201333.<\/div>\n   <\/div>\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div><!-- .zp-Entry .zpSearchResultsItem -->\t\t\t\t<div id=\"zp-ID-58-1093634-QHKDBIRN\" data-zp-author-date='-0000-00-00' data-zp-date-author='0000-00-00-' data-zp-date='0000-00-00' data-zp-year='0000' data-zp-itemtype='annotation' class=\"zp-Entry zpSearchResultsItem\">\n<div class=\"csl-bib-body\" style=\"line-height: 1.35; \">\n  <div class=\"csl-entry\" style=\"clear: left; \">\n    <div class=\"csl-left-margin\" style=\"float: left; padding-right: 0.5em; text-align: right; width: 1em;\">1.<\/div><div class=\"csl-right-inline\" style=\"margin: 0 .4em 0 1.5em;\">Fig. 3 Prevalence of each KDIGO 2012 category in general population samples.<\/div>\n   <\/div>\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div><!-- .zp-Entry .zpSearchResultsItem -->\t\t\t\t<div id=\"zp-ID-58-1093634-3AV944QR\" data-zp-author-date='-0000-00-00' data-zp-date-author='0000-00-00-' data-zp-date='0000-00-00' data-zp-year='0000' data-zp-itemtype='annotation' class=\"zp-Entry zpSearchResultsItem\">\n<div class=\"csl-bib-body\" style=\"line-height: 1.35; \">\n  <div class=\"csl-entry\" style=\"clear: left; \">\n    <div class=\"csl-left-margin\" style=\"float: left; padding-right: 0.5em; text-align: right; width: 1em;\">1.<\/div><div class=\"csl-right-inline\" style=\"margin: 0 .4em 0 1.5em;\">Applying KDIGO criteria, 450 (50%) were defined as moderate risk, 86 (10%) high risk and 69 (8%) very high risk. 33% did not have a uACR recorded to determine risk.<\/div>\n   <\/div>\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div><!-- .zp-Entry .zpSearchResultsItem -->\t\t\t\t<div id=\"zp-ID-58-1093634-SV3FU3SI\" data-zp-author-date='-0000-00-00' data-zp-date-author='0000-00-00-' data-zp-date='0000-00-00' data-zp-year='0000' data-zp-itemtype='annotation' class=\"zp-Entry zpSearchResultsItem\">\n<div class=\"csl-bib-body\" style=\"line-height: 1.35; \">\n  <div class=\"csl-entry\" style=\"clear: left; \">\n    <div class=\"csl-left-margin\" style=\"float: left; padding-right: 0.5em; text-align: right; width: 1em;\">1.<\/div><div class=\"csl-right-inline\" style=\"margin: 0 .4em 0 1.5em;\">905 patients met the inclusion criteria (6% of the population).<\/div>\n   <\/div>\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div><!-- .zp-Entry .zpSearchResultsItem -->\t\t\t\t<div id=\"zp-ID-58-1093634-A5AQC9BH\" data-zp-author-date='-0000-00-00' data-zp-date-author='0000-00-00-' data-zp-date='0000-00-00' data-zp-year='0000' data-zp-itemtype='annotation' class=\"zp-Entry zpSearchResultsItem\">\n<div class=\"csl-bib-body\" style=\"line-height: 1.35; \">\n  <div class=\"csl-entry\" style=\"clear: left; \">\n    <div class=\"csl-left-margin\" style=\"float: left; padding-right: 0.5em; text-align: right; width: 1em;\">1.<\/div><div class=\"csl-right-inline\" style=\"margin: 0 .4em 0 1.5em;\">14,525 patients.<\/div>\n   <\/div>\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div><!-- .zp-Entry .zpSearchResultsItem -->\t\t\t\t<div id=\"zp-ID-58-1093634-89KGJRJM\" data-zp-author-date='-0000-00-00' data-zp-date-author='0000-00-00-' data-zp-date='0000-00-00' data-zp-year='0000' data-zp-itemtype='annotation' class=\"zp-Entry zpSearchResultsItem\">\n<div class=\"csl-bib-body\" style=\"line-height: 1.35; \">\n  <div class=\"csl-entry\" style=\"clear: left; \">\n    <div class=\"csl-left-margin\" style=\"float: left; padding-right: 0.5em; text-align: right; width: 1em;\">1.<\/div><div class=\"csl-right-inline\" style=\"margin: 0 .4em 0 1.5em;\">Primary Care software to extract data.<\/div>\n   <\/div>\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div><!-- .zp-Entry .zpSearchResultsItem -->\t\t\t\t<div id=\"zp-ID-58-1093634-DBQ2BIYD\" data-zp-author-date='-0000-00-00' data-zp-date-author='0000-00-00-' data-zp-date='0000-00-00' data-zp-year='0000' data-zp-itemtype='annotation' class=\"zp-Entry zpSearchResultsItem\">\n<div class=\"csl-bib-body\" style=\"line-height: 1.35; \">\n  <div class=\"csl-entry\" style=\"clear: left; \">\n    <div class=\"csl-left-margin\" style=\"float: left; padding-right: 0.5em; text-align: right; width: 1em;\">1.<\/div><div class=\"csl-right-inline\" style=\"margin: 0 .4em 0 1.5em;\">Introducing a Cardiovascular Renal Metabolic Service to Optimise the\u00a0 Management of Chronic Kidney Disease in Primary Care. An Interface\u00a0 Project.<\/div>\n   <\/div>\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div><!-- .zp-Entry .zpSearchResultsItem -->\t\t\t\t<div id=\"zp-ID-58-1093634-5JGW36MF\" data-zp-author-date='Linden-et-al.-2025-04-09' data-zp-date-author='2025-04-09-Linden-et-al.' data-zp-date='2025-04-09' data-zp-year='2025' data-zp-itemtype='journalArticle' class=\"zp-Entry zpSearchResultsItem\">\n<div class=\"csl-bib-body\" style=\"line-height: 1.35; \">\n  <div class=\"csl-entry\" style=\"clear: left; \">\n    <div class=\"csl-left-margin\" style=\"float: left; padding-right: 0.5em; text-align: right; width: 1em;\">1.<\/div><div class=\"csl-right-inline\" style=\"margin: 0 .4em 0 1.5em;\">Linden P, Leonard N, Conlan J. Introducing a Cardiovascular Renal Metabolic Service to Optimise the Management of Chronic Kidney Disease in Primary Care. An Interface Project. | International Journal of Integrated Care. 2025 Apr 9 [cited 2025 Sept 24]; Available from: <a class=&#039;zp-ItemURL&#039; href=&#039;https:\/\/ijic.org\/articles\/10.5334\/ijic.ICIC24496&#039;>https:\/\/ijic.org\/articles\/10.5334\/ijic.ICIC24496<\/a><\/div>\n  <\/div>\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div><!-- .zp-Entry .zpSearchResultsItem -->\t\t\t\t<div id=\"zp-ID-58-1093634-NVMSN59U\" data-zp-author-date='-0000-00-00' data-zp-date-author='0000-00-00-' data-zp-date='0000-00-00' data-zp-year='0000' data-zp-itemtype='annotation' class=\"zp-Entry zpSearchResultsItem\">\n<div class=\"csl-bib-body\" style=\"line-height: 1.35; \">\n  <div class=\"csl-entry\" style=\"clear: left; \">\n    <div class=\"csl-left-margin\" style=\"float: left; padding-right: 0.5em; text-align: right; width: 1em;\">1.<\/div><div class=\"csl-right-inline\" style=\"margin: 0 .4em 0 1.5em;\">public and private facilities.<\/div>\n   <\/div>\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div><!-- .zp-Entry .zpSearchResultsItem -->\t\t\t\t<div id=\"zp-ID-58-1093634-LCD6B632\" data-zp-author-date='-0000-00-00' data-zp-date-author='0000-00-00-' data-zp-date='0000-00-00' data-zp-year='0000' data-zp-itemtype='annotation' class=\"zp-Entry zpSearchResultsItem\">\n<div class=\"csl-bib-body\" style=\"line-height: 1.35; \">\n  <div class=\"csl-entry\" style=\"clear: left; \">\n    <div class=\"csl-left-margin\" style=\"float: left; padding-right: 0.5em; text-align: right; width: 1em;\">1.<\/div><div class=\"csl-right-inline\" style=\"margin: 0 .4em 0 1.5em;\">Risk profile, quality of life and care of patients with moderate\u00a0 and advanced CKD: The French CKD-REIN Cohort Study.<\/div>\n   <\/div>\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div><!-- .zp-Entry .zpSearchResultsItem -->\t\t\t\t<div id=\"zp-ID-58-1093634-HNV9NLBN\" data-zp-author-date='-0000-00-00' data-zp-date-author='0000-00-00-' data-zp-date='0000-00-00' data-zp-year='0000' data-zp-itemtype='annotation' class=\"zp-Entry zpSearchResultsItem\">\n<div class=\"csl-bib-body\" style=\"line-height: 1.35; \">\n  <div class=\"csl-entry\" style=\"clear: left; \">\n    <div class=\"csl-left-margin\" style=\"float: left; padding-right: 0.5em; text-align: right; width: 1em;\">1.<\/div><div class=\"csl-right-inline\" style=\"margin: 0 .4em 0 1.5em;\">Overall distribution according to KDIGO 2012 risk groups showed 7.4% at low or moderate, 15.8% at high and 65.5% at very high risk, while 11.2% were unclassified due to missing albuminuria (Figure 1.<\/div>\n   <\/div>\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div><!-- .zp-Entry .zpSearchResultsItem -->\t\t\t\t<div id=\"zp-ID-58-1093634-PWNAZUB3\" data-zp-author-date='-0000-00-00' data-zp-date-author='0000-00-00-' data-zp-date='0000-00-00' data-zp-year='0000' data-zp-itemtype='annotation' class=\"zp-Entry zpSearchResultsItem\">\n<div class=\"csl-bib-body\" style=\"line-height: 1.35; \">\n  <div class=\"csl-entry\" style=\"clear: left; \">\n    <div class=\"csl-left-margin\" style=\"float: left; padding-right: 0.5em; text-align: right; width: 1em;\">1.<\/div><div class=\"csl-right-inline\" style=\"margin: 0 .4em 0 1.5em;\">23. Stengel B, Metzger M, Combe C, et al. Risk profile, quality of life and care of patients with moderate and advanced CKD: the French CKD-REIN Cohort Study. Nephrol Dial Transplant. 2019;34:277\u201386.<\/div>\n   <\/div>\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div><!-- .zp-Entry .zpSearchResultsItem -->\t\t\t\t<div id=\"zp-ID-58-1093634-N3XZWQ6Z\" data-zp-author-date='-0000-00-00' data-zp-date-author='0000-00-00-' data-zp-date='0000-00-00' data-zp-year='0000' data-zp-itemtype='annotation' class=\"zp-Entry zpSearchResultsItem\">\n<div class=\"csl-bib-body\" style=\"line-height: 1.35; \">\n  <div class=\"csl-entry\" style=\"clear: left; \">\n    <div class=\"csl-left-margin\" style=\"float: left; padding-right: 0.5em; text-align: right; width: 1em;\">1.<\/div><div class=\"csl-right-inline\" style=\"margin: 0 .4em 0 1.5em;\">participants fell within the KDIGO 2012 lowrisk group, 3.7\u201313.4% within the moderately increased risk group, 0.9\u20135.6% within the highrisk group and 0.3\u20134.8% within the very highrisk group.<\/div>\n   <\/div>\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div><!-- .zp-Entry .zpSearchResultsItem -->\t\t\t\t<div id=\"zp-ID-58-1093634-4UVS3FK9\" data-zp-author-date='-0000-00-00' data-zp-date-author='0000-00-00-' data-zp-date='0000-00-00' data-zp-year='0000' data-zp-itemtype='annotation' class=\"zp-Entry zpSearchResultsItem\">\n<div class=\"csl-bib-body\" style=\"line-height: 1.35; \">\n  <div class=\"csl-entry\" style=\"clear: left; \">\n    <div class=\"csl-left-margin\" style=\"float: left; padding-right: 0.5em; text-align: right; width: 1em;\">1.<\/div><div class=\"csl-right-inline\" style=\"margin: 0 .4em 0 1.5em;\">ost fell within the KDIGO 2012 low-risk or moderate-risk groups, with 0.9\u20135.6% in the high-risk and 0.3\u20134.8% in the very high-risk groups.<\/div>\n   <\/div>\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div><!-- .zp-Entry .zpSearchResultsItem -->\t\t\t\t<div id=\"zp-ID-58-1093634-5HMBESS2\" data-zp-author-date='-0000-00-00' data-zp-date-author='0000-00-00-' data-zp-date='0000-00-00' data-zp-year='0000' data-zp-itemtype='annotation' class=\"zp-Entry zpSearchResultsItem\">\n<div class=\"csl-bib-body\" style=\"line-height: 1.35; \">\n  <div class=\"csl-entry\" style=\"clear: left; \">\n    <div class=\"csl-left-margin\" style=\"float: left; padding-right: 0.5em; text-align: right; width: 1em;\">1.<\/div><div class=\"csl-right-inline\" style=\"margin: 0 .4em 0 1.5em;\">revalence of CKD (GFR categories G3\u20135), ranging from 2% to 17%.<\/div>\n   <\/div>\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div><!-- .zp-Entry .zpSearchResultsItem -->\t\t\t\t<div id=\"zp-ID-58-1093634-NV9HSB6Q\" data-zp-author-date='-0000-00-00' data-zp-date-author='0000-00-00-' data-zp-date='0000-00-00' data-zp-year='0000' data-zp-itemtype='annotation' class=\"zp-Entry zpSearchResultsItem\">\n<div class=\"csl-bib-body\" style=\"line-height: 1.35; \">\n  <div class=\"csl-entry\" style=\"clear: left; \">\n    <div class=\"csl-left-margin\" style=\"float: left; padding-right: 0.5em; text-align: right; width: 1em;\">1.<\/div><div class=\"csl-right-inline\" style=\"margin: 0 .4em 0 1.5em;\">Adv Ther (2021).<\/div>\n   <\/div>\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div><!-- .zp-Entry .zpSearchResultsItem -->\t\t\t\t<div id=\"zp-ID-58-1093634-MGJR4HRT\" data-zp-author-date='-0000-00-00' data-zp-date-author='0000-00-00-' data-zp-date='0000-00-00' data-zp-year='0000' data-zp-itemtype='annotation' class=\"zp-Entry zpSearchResultsItem\">\n<div class=\"csl-bib-body\" style=\"line-height: 1.35; \">\n  <div class=\"csl-entry\" style=\"clear: left; \">\n    <div class=\"csl-left-margin\" style=\"float: left; padding-right: 0.5em; text-align: right; width: 1em;\">1.<\/div><div class=\"csl-right-inline\" style=\"margin: 0 .4em 0 1.5em;\">Burden of Chronic Kidney Disease by KDIGO Categories of Glomerular Filtration Rate and Albuminuria: A Systematic Review.<\/div>\n   <\/div>\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div><!-- .zp-Entry .zpSearchResultsItem -->\t\t\t\t<div id=\"zp-ID-58-1093634-DU57T8ZR\" data-zp-author-date='-0000-00-00' data-zp-date-author='0000-00-00-' data-zp-date='0000-00-00' data-zp-year='0000' data-zp-itemtype='annotation' class=\"zp-Entry zpSearchResultsItem\">\n<div class=\"csl-bib-body\" style=\"line-height: 1.35; \">\n  <div class=\"csl-entry\" style=\"clear: left; \">\n    <div class=\"csl-left-margin\" style=\"float: left; padding-right: 0.5em; text-align: right; width: 1em;\">1.<\/div><div class=\"csl-right-inline\" style=\"margin: 0 .4em 0 1.5em;\">1.1).<\/div>\n   <\/div>\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div><!-- .zp-Entry .zpSearchResultsItem -->\t\t\t\t<div id=\"zp-ID-58-1093634-ZFMNHDA9\" data-zp-author-date='-0000-00-00' data-zp-date-author='0000-00-00-' data-zp-date='0000-00-00' data-zp-year='0000' data-zp-itemtype='annotation' class=\"zp-Entry zpSearchResultsItem\">\n<div class=\"csl-bib-body\" style=\"line-height: 1.35; \">\n  <div class=\"csl-entry\" style=\"clear: left; \">\n    <div class=\"csl-left-margin\" style=\"float: left; padding-right: 0.5em; text-align: right; width: 1em;\">1.<\/div><div class=\"csl-right-inline\" style=\"margin: 0 .4em 0 1.5em;\">6.5.<\/div>\n   <\/div>\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div><!-- .zp-Entry .zpSearchResultsItem -->\t\t\t\t<div id=\"zp-ID-58-1093634-N76RFVZP\" data-zp-author-date='-0000-00-00' data-zp-date-author='0000-00-00-' data-zp-date='0000-00-00' data-zp-year='0000' data-zp-itemtype='annotation' class=\"zp-Entry zpSearchResultsItem\">\n<div class=\"csl-bib-body\" style=\"line-height: 1.35; \">\n  <div class=\"csl-entry\" style=\"clear: left; \">\n    <div class=\"csl-left-margin\" style=\"float: left; padding-right: 0.5em; text-align: right; width: 1em;\">1.<\/div><div class=\"csl-right-inline\" style=\"margin: 0 .4em 0 1.5em;\">23.8.<\/div>\n   <\/div>\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div><!-- .zp-Entry .zpSearchResultsItem -->\t\t\t\t<div id=\"zp-ID-58-1093634-GBEQF7IT\" data-zp-author-date='-0000-00-00' data-zp-date-author='0000-00-00-' data-zp-date='0000-00-00' data-zp-year='0000' data-zp-itemtype='annotation' class=\"zp-Entry zpSearchResultsItem\">\n<div class=\"csl-bib-body\" style=\"line-height: 1.35; \">\n  <div class=\"csl-entry\" style=\"clear: left; \">\n    <div class=\"csl-left-margin\" style=\"float: left; padding-right: 0.5em; text-align: right; width: 1em;\">1.<\/div><div class=\"csl-right-inline\" style=\"margin: 0 .4em 0 1.5em;\">68.6.<\/div>\n   <\/div>\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div><!-- .zp-Entry .zpSearchResultsItem -->\t\t\t\t<div id=\"zp-ID-58-1093634-BI3X9KPE\" data-zp-author-date='-0000-00-00' data-zp-date-author='0000-00-00-' data-zp-date='0000-00-00' data-zp-year='0000' data-zp-itemtype='annotation' class=\"zp-Entry zpSearchResultsItem\">\n<div class=\"csl-bib-body\" style=\"line-height: 1.35; \">\n  <div class=\"csl-entry\" style=\"clear: left; \">\n    <div class=\"csl-left-margin\" style=\"float: left; padding-right: 0.5em; text-align: right; width: 1em;\">1.<\/div><div class=\"csl-right-inline\" style=\"margin: 0 .4em 0 1.5em;\">CKD stage at first qualifying eGFR measurement.<\/div>\n   <\/div>\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div><!-- .zp-Entry .zpSearchResultsItem -->\t\t\t\t<div id=\"zp-ID-58-1093634-CJTBKVAG\" data-zp-author-date='-0000-00-00' data-zp-date-author='0000-00-00-' data-zp-date='0000-00-00' data-zp-year='0000' data-zp-itemtype='annotation' class=\"zp-Entry zpSearchResultsItem\">\n<div class=\"csl-bib-body\" style=\"line-height: 1.35; \">\n  <div class=\"csl-entry\" style=\"clear: left; \">\n    <div class=\"csl-left-margin\" style=\"float: left; padding-right: 0.5em; text-align: right; width: 1em;\">1.<\/div><div class=\"csl-right-inline\" style=\"margin: 0 .4em 0 1.5em;\">testing within 6 months of CKD diagnosis.<\/div>\n   <\/div>\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div><!-- .zp-Entry .zpSearchResultsItem -->\t\t\t\t<div id=\"zp-ID-58-1093634-H4QWENIJ\" data-zp-author-date='-0000-00-00' data-zp-date-author='0000-00-00-' data-zp-date='0000-00-00' data-zp-year='0000' data-zp-itemtype='annotation' class=\"zp-Entry zpSearchResultsItem\">\n<div class=\"csl-bib-body\" style=\"line-height: 1.35; \">\n  <div class=\"csl-entry\" style=\"clear: left; \">\n    <div class=\"csl-left-margin\" style=\"float: left; padding-right: 0.5em; text-align: right; width: 1em;\">1.<\/div><div class=\"csl-right-inline\" style=\"margin: 0 .4em 0 1.5em;\">6529 patients with CKD (18.4%) received follow-up urine albumin to creatinine ratio (UACR.<\/div>\n   <\/div>\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div><!-- .zp-Entry .zpSearchResultsItem -->\t\t\t\t<div id=\"zp-ID-58-1093634-LGFJ5SMF\" data-zp-author-date='-0000-00-00' data-zp-date-author='0000-00-00-' data-zp-date='0000-00-00' data-zp-year='0000' data-zp-itemtype='annotation' class=\"zp-Entry zpSearchResultsItem\">\n<div class=\"csl-bib-body\" style=\"line-height: 1.35; \">\n  <div class=\"csl-entry\" style=\"clear: left; \">\n    <div class=\"csl-left-margin\" style=\"float: left; padding-right: 0.5em; text-align: right; width: 1em;\">1.<\/div><div class=\"csl-right-inline\" style=\"margin: 0 .4em 0 1.5em;\">With Diabetes and Hypertension (n = 14 859 [32.2%]).<\/div>\n   <\/div>\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div><!-- .zp-Entry .zpSearchResultsItem -->\t\t\t\t<div id=\"zp-ID-58-1093634-9S49AALH\" data-zp-author-date='-0000-00-00' data-zp-date-author='0000-00-00-' data-zp-date='0000-00-00' data-zp-year='0000' data-zp-itemtype='annotation' class=\"zp-Entry zpSearchResultsItem\">\n<div class=\"csl-bib-body\" style=\"line-height: 1.35; \">\n  <div class=\"csl-entry\" style=\"clear: left; \">\n    <div class=\"csl-left-margin\" style=\"float: left; padding-right: 0.5em; text-align: right; width: 1em;\">1.<\/div><div class=\"csl-right-inline\" style=\"margin: 0 .4em 0 1.5em;\">With Diabetes (n = 6770 [14.7%]).<\/div>\n   <\/div>\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div><!-- .zp-Entry .zpSearchResultsItem -->\t\t\t\t<div id=\"zp-ID-58-1093634-K3T2S85Z\" data-zp-author-date='-0000-00-00' data-zp-date-author='0000-00-00-' data-zp-date='0000-00-00' data-zp-year='0000' data-zp-itemtype='annotation' class=\"zp-Entry zpSearchResultsItem\">\n<div class=\"csl-bib-body\" style=\"line-height: 1.35; \">\n  <div class=\"csl-entry\" style=\"clear: left; \">\n    <div class=\"csl-left-margin\" style=\"float: left; padding-right: 0.5em; text-align: right; width: 1em;\">1.<\/div><div class=\"csl-right-inline\" style=\"margin: 0 .4em 0 1.5em;\">6770 (14.7%) had diabetes without\u00a0 hypertension, 16 930 (36.7%) had hypertension only, and 14 859 (32.2%) had both diabetes and\u00a0 hypertension.<\/div>\n   <\/div>\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div><!-- .zp-Entry .zpSearchResultsItem -->\t\t\t\t<div id=\"zp-ID-58-1093634-UG4DEHZK\" data-zp-author-date='-0000-00-00' data-zp-date-author='0000-00-00-' data-zp-date='0000-00-00' data-zp-year='0000' data-zp-itemtype='annotation' class=\"zp-Entry zpSearchResultsItem\">\n<div class=\"csl-bib-body\" style=\"line-height: 1.35; \">\n  <div class=\"csl-entry\" style=\"clear: left; \">\n    <div class=\"csl-left-margin\" style=\"float: left; padding-right: 0.5em; text-align: right; width: 1em;\">1.<\/div><div class=\"csl-right-inline\" style=\"margin: 0 .4em 0 1.5em;\">56.0).<\/div>\n   <\/div>\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div><!-- .zp-Entry .zpSearchResultsItem -->\t\t\t\t<div id=\"zp-ID-58-1093634-4QZLLW6E\" data-zp-author-date='-0000-00-00' data-zp-date-author='0000-00-00-' data-zp-date='0000-00-00' data-zp-year='0000' data-zp-itemtype='annotation' class=\"zp-Entry zpSearchResultsItem\">\n<div class=\"csl-bib-body\" style=\"line-height: 1.35; \">\n  <div class=\"csl-entry\" style=\"clear: left; \">\n    <div class=\"csl-left-margin\" style=\"float: left; padding-right: 0.5em; text-align: right; width: 1em;\">1.<\/div><div class=\"csl-right-inline\" style=\"margin: 0 .4em 0 1.5em;\">69.2 (14.0).<\/div>\n   <\/div>\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div><!-- .zp-Entry .zpSearchResultsItem -->\t\t\t\t<div id=\"zp-ID-58-1093634-BNCZ2LB4\" data-zp-author-date='-0000-00-00' data-zp-date-author='0000-00-00-' data-zp-date='0000-00-00' data-zp-year='0000' data-zp-itemtype='annotation' class=\"zp-Entry zpSearchResultsItem\">\n<div class=\"csl-bib-body\" style=\"line-height: 1.35; \">\n  <div class=\"csl-entry\" style=\"clear: left; \">\n    <div class=\"csl-left-margin\" style=\"float: left; padding-right: 0.5em; text-align: right; width: 1em;\">1.<\/div><div class=\"csl-right-inline\" style=\"margin: 0 .4em 0 1.5em;\">6 162 patients (mean [SD] age, 69.2 [14.0] years; 25 855\u00a0 [56.0%] female) from primary care practices.<\/div>\n   <\/div>\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div><!-- .zp-Entry .zpSearchResultsItem -->\t\t\t\t<div id=\"zp-ID-58-1093634-CGQT4G2Q\" data-zp-author-date='-0000-00-00' data-zp-date-author='0000-00-00-' data-zp-date='0000-00-00' data-zp-year='0000' data-zp-itemtype='annotation' class=\"zp-Entry zpSearchResultsItem\">\n<div class=\"csl-bib-body\" style=\"line-height: 1.35; \">\n  <div class=\"csl-entry\" style=\"clear: left; \">\n    <div class=\"csl-left-margin\" style=\"float: left; padding-right: 0.5em; text-align: right; width: 1em;\">1.<\/div><div class=\"csl-right-inline\" style=\"margin: 0 .4em 0 1.5em;\">Only 6529 patients (18.4%) with CKD received a urine albumin test within 6\u00a0 months of CKD diagnosis,.<\/div>\n   <\/div>\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div><!-- .zp-Entry .zpSearchResultsItem -->\t\t\t\t<div id=\"zp-ID-58-1093634-TUV5J634\" data-zp-author-date='-0000-00-00' data-zp-date-author='0000-00-00-' data-zp-date='0000-00-00' data-zp-year='0000' data-zp-itemtype='annotation' class=\"zp-Entry zpSearchResultsItem\">\n<div class=\"csl-bib-body\" style=\"line-height: 1.35; \">\n  <div class=\"csl-entry\" style=\"clear: left; \">\n    <div class=\"csl-left-margin\" style=\"float: left; padding-right: 0.5em; text-align: right; width: 1em;\">1.<\/div><div class=\"csl-right-inline\" style=\"margin: 0 .4em 0 1.5em;\">with stage 3 to 5 CKD.<\/div>\n   <\/div>\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div><!-- .zp-Entry .zpSearchResultsItem -->\t\t\t\t<div id=\"zp-ID-58-1093634-CUF55GJJ\" data-zp-author-date='-0000-00-00' data-zp-date-author='0000-00-00-' data-zp-date='0000-00-00' data-zp-year='0000' data-zp-itemtype='annotation' class=\"zp-Entry zpSearchResultsItem\">\n<div class=\"csl-bib-body\" style=\"line-height: 1.35; \">\n  <div class=\"csl-entry\" style=\"clear: left; \">\n    <div class=\"csl-left-margin\" style=\"float: left; padding-right: 0.5em; text-align: right; width: 1em;\">1.<\/div><div class=\"csl-right-inline\" style=\"margin: 0 .4em 0 1.5em;\">46 162 patients (mean [SD] age, 69.2 [14.0].<\/div>\n   <\/div>\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div><!-- .zp-Entry .zpSearchResultsItem -->\t\t\t\t<div id=\"zp-ID-58-1093634-DJBBP6YY\" data-zp-author-date='-0000-00-00' data-zp-date-author='0000-00-00-' data-zp-date='0000-00-00' data-zp-year='0000' data-zp-itemtype='annotation' class=\"zp-Entry zpSearchResultsItem\">\n<div class=\"csl-bib-body\" style=\"line-height: 1.35; \">\n  <div class=\"csl-entry\" style=\"clear: left; \">\n    <div class=\"csl-left-margin\" style=\"float: left; padding-right: 0.5em; text-align: right; width: 1em;\">1.<\/div><div class=\"csl-right-inline\" style=\"margin: 0 .4em 0 1.5em;\">2019.<\/div>\n   <\/div>\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div><!-- .zp-Entry .zpSearchResultsItem -->\t\t\t\t<div id=\"zp-ID-58-1093634-6W74YU8A\" data-zp-author-date='-0000-00-00' data-zp-date-author='0000-00-00-' data-zp-date='0000-00-00' data-zp-year='0000' data-zp-itemtype='annotation' class=\"zp-Entry zpSearchResultsItem\">\n<div class=\"csl-bib-body\" style=\"line-height: 1.35; \">\n  <div class=\"csl-entry\" style=\"clear: left; \">\n    <div class=\"csl-left-margin\" style=\"float: left; padding-right: 0.5em; text-align: right; width: 1em;\">1.<\/div><div class=\"csl-right-inline\" style=\"margin: 0 .4em 0 1.5em;\">Quality of Chronic Kidney Disease Management\u00a0 in Canadian Primary Care.<\/div>\n   <\/div>\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div><!-- .zp-Entry .zpSearchResultsItem -->\t\t\t\t<div id=\"zp-ID-58-1093634-8QNE6QDR\" data-zp-author-date='-0000-00-00' data-zp-date-author='0000-00-00-' data-zp-date='0000-00-00' data-zp-year='0000' data-zp-itemtype='annotation' class=\"zp-Entry zpSearchResultsItem\">\n<div class=\"csl-bib-body\" style=\"line-height: 1.35; \">\n  <div class=\"csl-entry\" style=\"clear: left; \">\n    <div class=\"csl-left-margin\" style=\"float: left; padding-right: 0.5em; text-align: right; width: 1em;\">1.<\/div><div class=\"csl-right-inline\" style=\"margin: 0 .4em 0 1.5em;\">Electronic medical\u00a0 record.<\/div>\n   <\/div>\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div><!-- .zp-Entry .zpSearchResultsItem -->\t\t\t\t<div id=\"zp-ID-58-1093634-G88L2LIA\" data-zp-author-date='-0000-00-00' data-zp-date-author='0000-00-00-' data-zp-date='0000-00-00' data-zp-year='0000' data-zp-itemtype='annotation' class=\"zp-Entry zpSearchResultsItem\">\n<div class=\"csl-bib-body\" style=\"line-height: 1.35; \">\n  <div class=\"csl-entry\" style=\"clear: left; \">\n    <div class=\"csl-left-margin\" style=\"float: left; padding-right: 0.5em; text-align: right; width: 1em;\">1.<\/div><div class=\"csl-right-inline\" style=\"margin: 0 .4em 0 1.5em;\">\u2022 The estimated prevalence of CKD in France at 8%\u201310% is close to that expected.<\/div>\n   <\/div>\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div><!-- .zp-Entry .zpSearchResultsItem -->\t\t\t\t<div id=\"zp-ID-58-1093634-WZ4EFDPU\" data-zp-author-date='-0000-00-00' data-zp-date-author='0000-00-00-' data-zp-date='0000-00-00' data-zp-year='0000' data-zp-itemtype='annotation' class=\"zp-Entry zpSearchResultsItem\">\n<div class=\"csl-bib-body\" style=\"line-height: 1.35; \">\n  <div class=\"csl-entry\" style=\"clear: left; \">\n    <div class=\"csl-left-margin\" style=\"float: left; padding-right: 0.5em; text-align: right; width: 1em;\">1.<\/div><div class=\"csl-right-inline\" style=\"margin: 0 .4em 0 1.5em;\">n France, the MONALISA study using three representative cross-sectional surveys in subjects aged 35\u201374.9 years estimated the CKD prevalence at 8.2% (95% CI, 7.4\u20138.9%).<\/div>\n   <\/div>\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div><!-- .zp-Entry .zpSearchResultsItem -->\t\t\t\t<div id=\"zp-ID-58-1093634-2XNSCD9A\" data-zp-author-date='-0000-00-00' data-zp-date-author='0000-00-00-' data-zp-date='0000-00-00' data-zp-year='0000' data-zp-itemtype='annotation' class=\"zp-Entry zpSearchResultsItem\">\n<div class=\"csl-bib-body\" style=\"line-height: 1.35; \">\n  <div class=\"csl-entry\" style=\"clear: left; \">\n    <div class=\"csl-left-margin\" style=\"float: left; padding-right: 0.5em; text-align: right; width: 1em;\">1.<\/div><div class=\"csl-right-inline\" style=\"margin: 0 .4em 0 1.5em;\">18% of individuals treated for diabetes.<\/div>\n   <\/div>\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div><!-- .zp-Entry .zpSearchResultsItem -->\t\t\t\t<div id=\"zp-ID-58-1093634-MX9VFK4H\" data-zp-author-date='-0000-00-00' data-zp-date-author='0000-00-00-' data-zp-date='0000-00-00' data-zp-year='0000' data-zp-itemtype='annotation' class=\"zp-Entry zpSearchResultsItem\">\n<div class=\"csl-bib-body\" style=\"line-height: 1.35; \">\n  <div class=\"csl-entry\" style=\"clear: left; \">\n    <div class=\"csl-left-margin\" style=\"float: left; padding-right: 0.5em; text-align: right; width: 1em;\">1.<\/div><div class=\"csl-right-inline\" style=\"margin: 0 .4em 0 1.5em;\">54% women.<\/div>\n   <\/div>\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div><!-- .zp-Entry .zpSearchResultsItem -->\t\t\t\t<div id=\"zp-ID-58-1093634-AFM6WFE2\" data-zp-author-date='-0000-00-00' data-zp-date-author='0000-00-00-' data-zp-date='0000-00-00' data-zp-year='0000' data-zp-itemtype='annotation' class=\"zp-Entry zpSearchResultsItem\">\n<div class=\"csl-bib-body\" style=\"line-height: 1.35; \">\n  <div class=\"csl-entry\" style=\"clear: left; \">\n    <div class=\"csl-left-margin\" style=\"float: left; padding-right: 0.5em; text-align: right; width: 1em;\">1.<\/div><div class=\"csl-right-inline\" style=\"margin: 0 .4em 0 1.5em;\">in the \u2018likely\u2019 group.<\/div>\n   <\/div>\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div><!-- .zp-Entry .zpSearchResultsItem -->\t\t\t\t<div id=\"zp-ID-58-1093634-L4NFTMBB\" data-zp-author-date='-0000-00-00' data-zp-date-author='0000-00-00-' data-zp-date='0000-00-00' data-zp-year='0000' data-zp-itemtype='annotation' class=\"zp-Entry zpSearchResultsItem\">\n<div class=\"csl-bib-body\" style=\"line-height: 1.35; \">\n  <div class=\"csl-entry\" style=\"clear: left; \">\n    <div class=\"csl-left-margin\" style=\"float: left; padding-right: 0.5em; text-align: right; width: 1em;\">1.<\/div><div class=\"csl-right-inline\" style=\"margin: 0 .4em 0 1.5em;\">in the \u2018certain\u2019 group, 68 years.<\/div>\n   <\/div>\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div><!-- .zp-Entry .zpSearchResultsItem -->\t\t\t\t<div id=\"zp-ID-58-1093634-XHQDQ6SU\" data-zp-author-date='-0000-00-00' data-zp-date-author='0000-00-00-' data-zp-date='0000-00-00' data-zp-year='0000' data-zp-itemtype='annotation' class=\"zp-Entry zpSearchResultsItem\">\n<div class=\"csl-bib-body\" style=\"line-height: 1.35; \">\n  <div class=\"csl-entry\" style=\"clear: left; \">\n    <div class=\"csl-left-margin\" style=\"float: left; padding-right: 0.5em; text-align: right; width: 1em;\">1.<\/div><div class=\"csl-right-inline\" style=\"margin: 0 .4em 0 1.5em;\">The median age was 67 years.<\/div>\n   <\/div>\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div><!-- .zp-Entry .zpSearchResultsItem -->\t\t\t\t<div id=\"zp-ID-58-1093634-AWDYR4TG\" data-zp-author-date='-0000-00-00' data-zp-date-author='0000-00-00-' data-zp-date='0000-00-00' data-zp-year='0000' data-zp-itemtype='annotation' class=\"zp-Entry zpSearchResultsItem\">\n<div class=\"csl-bib-body\" style=\"line-height: 1.35; \">\n  <div class=\"csl-entry\" style=\"clear: left; \">\n    <div class=\"csl-left-margin\" style=\"float: left; padding-right: 0.5em; text-align: right; width: 1em;\">1.<\/div><div class=\"csl-right-inline\" style=\"margin: 0 .4em 0 1.5em;\">n 2021, representing an estimated prevalence in the general population increasing from 8.1% to 10.5%.<\/div>\n   <\/div>\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div><!-- .zp-Entry .zpSearchResultsItem -->\t\t\t\t<div id=\"zp-ID-58-1093634-HLH5VSDX\" data-zp-author-date='-0000-00-00' data-zp-date-author='0000-00-00-' data-zp-date='0000-00-00' data-zp-year='0000' data-zp-itemtype='annotation' class=\"zp-Entry zpSearchResultsItem\">\n<div class=\"csl-bib-body\" style=\"line-height: 1.35; \">\n  <div class=\"csl-entry\" style=\"clear: left; \">\n    <div class=\"csl-left-margin\" style=\"float: left; padding-right: 0.5em; text-align: right; width: 1em;\">1.<\/div><div class=\"csl-right-inline\" style=\"margin: 0 .4em 0 1.5em;\">RENALGO-EXPERT algorithm identified 4.5% of the volunteers in the CONSTANCES as CKD.<\/div>\n   <\/div>\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div><!-- .zp-Entry .zpSearchResultsItem -->\t\t\t\t<div id=\"zp-ID-58-1093634-6KVQUSUJ\" data-zp-author-date='-0000-00-00' data-zp-date-author='0000-00-00-' data-zp-date='0000-00-00' data-zp-year='0000' data-zp-itemtype='annotation' class=\"zp-Entry zpSearchResultsItem\">\n<div class=\"csl-bib-body\" style=\"line-height: 1.35; \">\n  <div class=\"csl-entry\" style=\"clear: left; \">\n    <div class=\"csl-left-margin\" style=\"float: left; padding-right: 0.5em; text-align: right; width: 1em;\">1.<\/div><div class=\"csl-right-inline\" style=\"margin: 0 .4em 0 1.5em;\">the estimated prevalence in the SNDS increased from 8.1% to 10.5%.<\/div>\n   <\/div>\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div><!-- .zp-Entry .zpSearchResultsItem -->\t\t\t\t<div id=\"zp-ID-58-1093634-7PEZ4939\" data-zp-author-date='-0000-00-00' data-zp-date-author='0000-00-00-' data-zp-date='0000-00-00' data-zp-year='0000' data-zp-itemtype='annotation' class=\"zp-Entry zpSearchResultsItem\">\n<div class=\"csl-bib-body\" style=\"line-height: 1.35; \">\n  <div class=\"csl-entry\" style=\"clear: left; \">\n    <div class=\"csl-left-margin\" style=\"float: left; padding-right: 0.5em; text-align: right; width: 1em;\">1.<\/div><div class=\"csl-right-inline\" style=\"margin: 0 .4em 0 1.5em;\">CONSTANCES.<\/div>\n   <\/div>\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div><!-- .zp-Entry .zpSearchResultsItem -->\t\t\t\t<div id=\"zp-ID-58-1093634-XJRBALW5\" data-zp-author-date='-0000-00-00' data-zp-date-author='0000-00-00-' data-zp-date='0000-00-00' data-zp-year='0000' data-zp-itemtype='annotation' class=\"zp-Entry zpSearchResultsItem\">\n<div class=\"csl-bib-body\" style=\"line-height: 1.35; \">\n  <div class=\"csl-entry\" style=\"clear: left; \">\n    <div class=\"csl-left-margin\" style=\"float: left; padding-right: 0.5em; text-align: right; width: 1em;\">1.<\/div><div class=\"csl-right-inline\" style=\"margin: 0 .4em 0 1.5em;\">SNDS.<\/div>\n   <\/div>\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div><!-- .zp-Entry .zpSearchResultsItem --><\/div><!-- .zp-zp-SEO-Content -->\n<\/div><!-- .zp-List --><\/div><!--.zp-Zotpress-->\n\n\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Le site LEPCAM est un site d\u2019e-learning permettant aux \u00e9tudiants et professionnels de sant\u00e9 d&rsquo;acqu\u00e9rir des comp\u00e9tences en recherche m\u00e9dicale. Il est accessible \u00e0 tous gratuitement, sous licence Creative Common et sans publicit\u00e9. Pour toute question, n&rsquo;h\u00e9sitez pas \u00e0 me contacter via nicolas@lepcam.fr Bonne lecture Nicolas de Chanaud Pourquoi ce site ? Int\u00e9r\u00eat de la [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"parent":0,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v21.1 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/wordpress\/plugins\/seo\/ -->\n<title>Accueil - LEPCAM<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Le site LEPCAM est un site de e-Learning permettant aux \u00e9tudiants et professionnels de sant\u00e9 d&#039;acqu\u00e9rir des comp\u00e9tences en recherche m\u00e9dicale.\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/lepcam.fr\/index.php\/introduction\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"fr_FR\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Accueil - LEPCAM\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Le site LEPCAM est un site de e-Learning permettant aux \u00e9tudiants et professionnels de sant\u00e9 d&#039;acqu\u00e9rir des comp\u00e9tences en recherche m\u00e9dicale.\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/lepcam.fr\/index.php\/introduction\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"LEPCAM\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:publisher\" content=\"https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/lepcam.fr\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:modified_time\" content=\"2022-02-08T17:42:38+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:image\" content=\"https:\/\/lepcam.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/02\/Logo-LEPCAM-fond-blanc-01.png\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:site\" content=\"@Lepcam_site\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"Dur\u00e9e de lecture estim\u00e9e\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data1\" content=\"23 minutes\" \/>\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\" class=\"yoast-schema-graph\">{\"@context\":\"https:\/\/schema.org\",\"@graph\":[{\"@type\":\"WebPage\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/lepcam.fr\/index.php\/introduction\/\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/lepcam.fr\/index.php\/introduction\/\",\"name\":\"Accueil - 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