{"id":1317,"date":"2016-05-23T20:26:11","date_gmt":"2016-05-23T19:26:11","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/lepcam.fr\/?page_id=1317"},"modified":"2018-08-28T08:47:37","modified_gmt":"2018-08-28T07:47:37","slug":"quali","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/lepcam.fr\/index.php\/les-etapes\/quali\/","title":{"rendered":"Analyse des r\u00e9sultats (6)"},"content":{"rendered":"<hr \/>\n<h1>VI.\u00a0L&rsquo;analyse en recherche qualitative<\/h1>\n<p>Afin de r\u00e9pondre \u00e0 une question de recherche qualitative, on va utiliser une m\u00e9thodologie pr\u00e9cise.<\/p>\n<p>On peut r\u00e9aliser une analyse selon plusieurs points de vue :<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Le<\/strong> <strong>social<\/strong>, on utilisera la <strong>th\u00e9orisation ancr\u00e9e.<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>L&rsquo;individu<\/strong>, on utilisera la <strong>ph\u00e9nom\u00e9nologie interpr\u00e9tative.<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>La linguistique, <\/strong>on utilisera<strong> l\u2019analyse du discours.<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>La<\/strong> <strong>culture<\/strong>, on utilisera <strong>l&rsquo;\u00e9thnographie.<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>Il existe des points communs entre les m\u00e9thodes\u00a0d\u2019analyse :<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Un processus <strong>inductif<\/strong>\n<ul>\n<li>D\u00e9finition <span class=\"zp-InText-zp-ID--1093634-ISWS7NB5--wp1317 zp-InText-Citation loading\" rel=\"{ 'pages': 'np', 'items': '{1093634:ISWS7NB5}', 'format': '(%num%)', 'brackets': '', 'etal': '', 'separator': '', 'and': '' }\"><\/span>\u00a0: d\u00e9marche intellectuelle consistant \u00e0 <strong>rechercher des lois g\u00e9n\u00e9rales \u00e0 partir de l\u2019observation de faits particuliers<\/strong>. Elle proc\u00e8de par <strong>inf\u00e9rence probable<\/strong>, c\u2019est-\u00e0-dire en d\u00e9duisant des lois par g\u00e9n\u00e9ralisation des observations. L\u2019induction peut trouver sa place au sein du travail scientifique, \u00e0 condition de bien mesurer les limites. La strat\u00e9gie inverse, d\u00e9ductive, consiste \u00e0 \u00e9tablir des conclusions sp\u00e9cifiques \u00e0 partir d\u2019une hypoth\u00e8se g\u00e9n\u00e9rale.<\/li>\n<li>Anglais\u00a0: <em>induction<\/em><\/li>\n<li>Synonyme\u00a0: induction analytique<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<div id=\"attachment_1331\" style=\"width: 632px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><img data-recalc-dims=\"1\" loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-1331\" data-attachment-id=\"1331\" data-permalink=\"https:\/\/lepcam.fr\/index.php\/les-etapes\/quali\/induction\/\" data-orig-file=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/lepcam.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/05\/induction.png?fit=622%2C293&amp;ssl=1\" data-orig-size=\"622,293\" data-comments-opened=\"1\" data-image-meta=\"{&quot;aperture&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;credit&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;camera&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;caption&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;created_timestamp&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;copyright&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;focal_length&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;iso&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;shutter_speed&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;title&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;orientation&quot;:&quot;0&quot;}\" data-image-title=\"La roue de la science\" data-image-description=\"\" data-image-caption=\"&lt;p&gt;La roue de la science adapt\u00e9e de Wallas&lt;\/p&gt;\n\" data-large-file=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/lepcam.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/05\/induction.png?fit=622%2C293&amp;ssl=1\" class=\"wp-image-1331 size-full\" src=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/lepcam.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/05\/induction.png?resize=622%2C293&#038;ssl=1\" alt=\"La roue de la science adapt\u00e9e de Wallas\" width=\"622\" height=\"293\" srcset=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/lepcam.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/05\/induction.png?w=622&amp;ssl=1 622w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/lepcam.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/05\/induction.png?resize=300%2C141&amp;ssl=1 300w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/lepcam.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/05\/induction.png?resize=600%2C283&amp;ssl=1 600w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 622px) 100vw, 622px\" \/><p id=\"caption-attachment-1331\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">La roue de la science adapt\u00e9e de Wallas<\/p><\/div>\n<ul>\n<li>Un processus <strong>it\u00e9ratif\u00a0:<\/strong> ce processus consiste en une <strong>r\u00e9p\u00e9tition d\u2019\u00e9tapes<\/strong> (probl\u00e9matiser, collecter, analyser, r\u00e9diger puis recommencer).<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><img data-recalc-dims=\"1\" loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" data-attachment-id=\"1332\" data-permalink=\"https:\/\/lepcam.fr\/index.php\/les-etapes\/quali\/iteration\/\" data-orig-file=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/lepcam.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/05\/ite%CC%81ration.png?fit=534%2C306&amp;ssl=1\" data-orig-size=\"534,306\" data-comments-opened=\"1\" data-image-meta=\"{&quot;aperture&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;credit&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;camera&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;caption&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;created_timestamp&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;copyright&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;focal_length&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;iso&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;shutter_speed&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;title&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;orientation&quot;:&quot;0&quot;}\" data-image-title=\"Processus it\u00e9ratif\" data-image-description=\"\" data-image-caption=\"\" data-large-file=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/lepcam.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/05\/ite%CC%81ration.png?fit=534%2C306&amp;ssl=1\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-1332 aligncenter\" src=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/lepcam.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/05\/ite%CC%81ration-300x172.png?resize=300%2C172&#038;ssl=1\" alt=\"Processus it\u00e9ratif\" width=\"300\" height=\"172\" srcset=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/lepcam.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/05\/ite%CC%81ration.png?resize=300%2C172&amp;ssl=1 300w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/lepcam.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/05\/ite%CC%81ration.png?w=534&amp;ssl=1 534w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 300px) 100vw, 300px\" \/><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Une d\u00e9-contextualisation puis re-contextualisation\u00a0<\/strong>:\n<ul>\n<li>Issu du mot <strong>contextualisation<\/strong>\u00a0<span class=\"zp-InText-zp-ID--1093634-ZIU8JTME--wp1317 zp-InText-Citation loading\" rel=\"{ 'pages': 'np', 'items': '{1093634:ZIU8JTME}', 'format': '(%num%)', 'brackets': '', 'etal': '', 'separator': '', 'and': '' }\"><\/span> : un phe\u0301nome\u0300ne qui n\u2019existe pas <strong>ne peut prendre sens que s\u2019il est conside\u0301re\u0301 isole\u0301ment<\/strong>, en dehors de tout contexte. Le sens est toujours confrontation, comparaison, e\u0301valuation, mise en perspective. Chaque phe\u0301nome\u0300ne doit ainsi e\u0302tre contextualise\u0301 pour en faire surgir le sens.<\/li>\n<li>Ainsi, la <strong>d\u00e9-contextualisation<\/strong> consiste \u00e0 <strong>sortir un extrait de texte du corpus<\/strong>, afin de le rendre s\u00e9mantiquement <strong>ind\u00e9pendant<\/strong>, pour cr\u00e9er des cat\u00e9gories ou des th\u00e8mes regroupant tous les extraits traitant d\u2019un sujet identique.<\/li>\n<li>Enfin, la <strong>re-contextualisation<\/strong> consiste \u00e0 <strong>mettre en commun les codes et cat\u00e9gories<\/strong> pr\u00e9c\u00e9demment d\u00e9contextualis\u00e9es afin de leur donner une signification, un <strong>sens<\/strong>.<\/li>\n<li>Le tableau<span class=\"zp-InText-zp-ID--1093634-NWC4SKFT--wp1317 zp-InText-Citation loading\" rel=\"{ 'pages': 'np', 'items': '{1093634:NWC4SKFT}', 'format': '(%num%)', 'brackets': '', 'etal': '', 'separator': '', 'and': '' }\"><\/span> suivant r\u00e9sume ces 2 principales \u00e9tapes :<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><img data-recalc-dims=\"1\" loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" data-attachment-id=\"1333\" data-permalink=\"https:\/\/lepcam.fr\/index.php\/les-etapes\/quali\/capture-decran-2016-05-23-a-20-35-47\/\" data-orig-file=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/lepcam.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/05\/Capture-d%E2%80%99e%CC%81cran-2016-05-23-a%CC%80-20.35.47.png?fit=1392%2C940&amp;ssl=1\" data-orig-size=\"1392,940\" data-comments-opened=\"1\" data-image-meta=\"{&quot;aperture&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;credit&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;camera&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;caption&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;created_timestamp&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;copyright&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;focal_length&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;iso&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;shutter_speed&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;title&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;orientation&quot;:&quot;0&quot;}\" data-image-title=\"D\u00e9contextualisation, recontextualisation\" data-image-description=\"\" data-image-caption=\"\" data-large-file=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/lepcam.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/05\/Capture-d%E2%80%99e%CC%81cran-2016-05-23-a%CC%80-20.35.47.png?fit=629%2C424&amp;ssl=1\" class=\"aligncenter wp-image-1333 size-large\" src=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/lepcam.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/05\/Capture-d%E2%80%99e%CC%81cran-2016-05-23-a%CC%80-20.35.47-1024x691.png?resize=629%2C424&#038;ssl=1\" alt=\"D\u00e9contextualisation, recontextualisation\" width=\"629\" height=\"424\" \/><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Une compr\u00e9hension <strong>holiste :<\/strong>\n<ul>\n<li>D\u00e9finition <span class=\"zp-InText-zp-ID--1093634-ISWS7NB5--wp1317 zp-InText-Citation loading\" rel=\"{ 'pages': 'np', 'items': '{1093634:ISWS7NB5}', 'format': '(%num%)', 'brackets': '', 'etal': '', 'separator': '', 'and': '' }\"><\/span>\u00a0: the\u0301orie selon laquelle <strong>les faits sociaux doivent e\u0302tre explique\u0301s par d\u2019autres faits sociaux dont les individus ne sont que des vecteurs passifs, les comportements individuels e\u0301tant socialement de\u0301termine\u0301s :<\/strong> la soci\u00e9t\u00e9\u0301 exerce une contrainte (pouvoir de coercition) sur l\u2019individu qui inte\u0301riorise (\u00ab naturalise \u00bb) les principales re\u0300gles et les respecte. Le libre arbitre individuel n\u2019est pas pour autant totalement e\u0301limine\u0301, mais d\u2019un point de vue probabiliste, ce qu\u2019un individu choisit de ne pas faire, un autre le fera, avec un re\u0301sultat social identique\u00a0[&#8230;].\u00a0En ce sens, le holisme s\u2019oppose a\u0300 l\u2019individualisme me\u0301thodologique.<\/li>\n<li>Anglais\u00a0: <em>holism<\/em><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2 id=\"gtm\">A.\u00a0 La th\u00e9orie ancr\u00e9e (GTM)<\/h2>\n<p>D\u00e9finition <span class=\"zp-InText-zp-ID--1093634-ZIU8JTME--wp1317 zp-InText-Citation loading\" rel=\"{ 'pages': 'np', 'items': '{1093634:ZIU8JTME}', 'format': '(%num%)', 'brackets': '', 'etal': '', 'separator': '', 'and': '' }\"><\/span> : me\u0301thode de recherche <strong>inductive<\/strong> visant la <strong>construction d\u2019une the\u0301orie a\u0300 partir des donne\u0301es empiriques recueillies<\/strong>. Elle comporte un e\u0301chantillonnage raisonne\u0301 et l\u2019analyse est fonde\u0301e sur la <strong>me\u0301thode de la comparaison constante<\/strong> entre les donne\u0301es d\u2019analyse et les donne\u0301es du terrain\u00a0.<\/p>\n<p>Synonyme : th\u00e9orie fond\u00e9e sur les donn\u00e9es, m\u00e9thode de th\u00e9orisation ancr\u00e9e<\/p>\n<p>Anglais :<em> grounded theory method (GTM)<\/em><\/p>\n<p>Cette m\u00e9thode peut sembler contraire \u00e0 la m\u00e9thodologie de recherche scientifique\u00a0: au lieu de partir d\u2019une hypoth\u00e8se et de r\u00e9aliser une exp\u00e9rimentation pour la confirmer ou l\u2019infirmer, <strong>le chercheur va collecter des donn\u00e9es sans a priori, sans hypoth\u00e8se<\/strong>. A partir de ces donn\u00e9es,<strong> il va essayer de leur donner du sens\u00a0<\/strong>: des \u00e9l\u00e9ments clefs vont \u00eatre identifi\u00e9s gr\u00e2ce \u00e0 une s\u00e9rie de \u00ab\u00a0codes\u00a0\u00bb issu du corpus de texte (ou image, document\u2026). L\u2019ensemble des donn\u00e9es est <strong>codifi\u00e9<\/strong> selon une <strong>proc\u00e9dure standardis\u00e9e inductive<\/strong> (induction) et <strong>comparative<\/strong> (comparaison des concepts). On observe un <strong>aller-retour constant et progressif<\/strong> entre les <strong>donn\u00e9es<\/strong> recueillies sur le terrain et le processus de <strong>th\u00e9orisation<\/strong>.<\/p>\n<p>A l\u2019aide de la codification, l\u2019outil centrale est \u00ab\u00a0la cat\u00e9gorie\u00a0\u00bb. Elle permet de faire le lien entre la technique qualitative et l\u2019effort de conceptualisation.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>NB : la<strong> comparaison constante <\/strong>est\u00a0une m\u00e9thode d\u2019analyse consistant \u00e0 examiner de fa\u00e7on <strong>syst\u00e9matique et approfondie<\/strong> les <strong>variations dans la manifestation et la signification des concepts \u00e9mergeant des donn\u00e9es empiriques recueillies\u00a0<\/strong><span class=\"zp-InText-zp-ID--1093634-ISWS7NB5--wp1317 zp-InText-Citation loading\" rel=\"{ 'pages': 'np', 'items': '{1093634:ISWS7NB5}', 'format': '(%num%)', 'brackets': '', 'etal': '', 'separator': '', 'and': '' }\"><\/span>.\u00a0Anglais\u00a0: <em>constant, systematic comparison<\/em><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>Si on analyse les mots composant \u00ab\u00a0th\u00e9orisation ancr\u00e9e\u00a0\u00bb\u00a0:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>\u00ab\u00a0<strong>Th\u00e9orisation\u00a0<\/strong>\u00bb\u00a0: il ne s\u2019agit de produite une th\u00e9orie au sens de mod\u00e8le pour la compr\u00e9hension, mais de th\u00e9orisation au sens du <strong>processus pour arriver \u00e0 une compr\u00e9hension de nouveaux ph\u00e9nom\u00e8nes<\/strong>.\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Th\u00e9orie<\/strong><span class=\"zp-InText-zp-ID--1093634-ZIU8JTME--wp1317 zp-InText-Citation loading\" rel=\"{ 'pages': 'np', 'items': '{1093634:ZIU8JTME}', 'format': '(%num%)', 'brackets': '', 'etal': '', 'separator': '', 'and': '' }\"><\/span>\u00a0: terme de\u0301rive\u0301 du grec <em>theorein<\/em> (\u00ab contempler, observer, examiner \u00bb) de\u0301signant une <strong>ide\u0301e ou une connaissance spe\u0301culative base\u0301e sur l\u2019observation ou l\u2019expe\u0301rience, donnant une repre\u0301sentation ide\u0301ale de la re\u0301alite\u0301<\/strong>, e\u0301loigne\u0301e des applications pratiques. En sociologie par exemple, on oppose holisme, individualisme me\u0301thodologique et interactionnisme symbolique ; en me\u0301decine, the\u0301ories biome\u0301dicale et balintienne.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Th\u00e9orisation<\/strong> d\u00e9signe \u00ab\u00a0\u00e0 la fois <strong>le processus et le re\u0301sultat<\/strong>, tout en indiquant que le <strong>re\u0301sultat lui-me\u0302me n\u2019est pas une fin<\/strong> mais pluto\u0302t l\u2019e\u0301tat dans lequel se trouve, a\u0300 un moment donne\u0301, une construction the\u0301orique donne\u0301e \u00bb (Paille\u0301, 1996, p. 184).<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li>\u00ab\u00a0<strong>Ancr\u00e9e\u00a0<\/strong>\u00bb\u00a0: le processus de <strong>th\u00e9orisation est ancr\u00e9 dans les donn\u00e9es recueillis par le travai<\/strong><strong>l sur le terrain<\/strong>. \u00ab Le mate\u0301riau empirique est a\u0300 la fois le point de d\u00e9part de la the\u0301orisation, le lieu de la ve\u0301rification des hypothe\u0300ses e\u0301mergentes, et le test ultime de la validite\u0301 de la construction d\u2019ensemble \u00bb (Paille\u0301, 1996, p. 185).<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>Cette analyse qualitative progressive des donn\u00e9es peut se d\u00e9composer en <strong>6 grandes \u00e9tapes.<\/strong> Chaque \u00e9tape permet de <strong>conceptualiser de plus en plus les donn\u00e9es empiriques<\/strong>, jusqu\u2019\u00e0 obtenir une conceptualisation des ph\u00e9nom\u00e8nes observ\u00e9s. En montant dans les \u00e9tapes et en effectuant des aller-retours r\u00e9p\u00e9t\u00e9s entre les donn\u00e9es et les cat\u00e9gories, <strong>le travail gagne progressivement en abstraction<\/strong>.<\/p>\n<ol>\n<li>Codification<\/li>\n<li>Cat\u00e9gorisation<\/li>\n<li>Mise en relation<\/li>\n<li>Int\u00e9gration<\/li>\n<li>Mod\u00e9lisation<\/li>\n<li>Th\u00e9orisation<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>Une autre fa\u00e7on de d\u00e9composer l\u2019analyse est de la s\u00e9parer en <strong>3 niveaux de codage<\/strong><span class=\"zp-InText-zp-ID--1093634-9JT9C9HC--wp1317 zp-InText-Citation loading\" rel=\"{ 'pages': 'np', 'items': '{1093634:9JT9C9HC}', 'format': '(%num%)', 'brackets': '', 'etal': '', 'separator': '', 'and': '' }\"><\/span><strong>\u00a0<\/strong>:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Niveau 1\n<ul>\n<li>But\u00a0: <strong>r\u00e9sumer<\/strong> et <strong>rassembler<\/strong><\/li>\n<li>Codage\u00a0<strong>descriptif<\/strong> dit \u00ab\u00a0<strong>ouvert\u00a0<\/strong>\u00bb\u00a0: exploration initiale par lecture fine des textes et \u00e9tiquetage de concepts qui pourront \u00eatre compl\u00e9t\u00e9s ou \u00e9limin\u00e9s ult\u00e9rieurement.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li>Niveau 2\n<ul>\n<li>But\u00a0: <strong>r\u00e9-agencer, identifier les th\u00e8mes<\/strong><\/li>\n<li>Codage <strong>th\u00e9matique<\/strong> dit \u00ab\u00a0<strong>axial\u00a0<\/strong>\u00bb\u00a0: organisation hi\u00e9rarchique des concepts en cat\u00e9gories plus g\u00e9n\u00e9riques, approfondissement et enrichissement de ces cat\u00e9gories selon le paradigme de codage et \u00e9tablissement des liens entre cat\u00e9gories par comparaison continue.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li>Niveau 3\n<ul>\n<li>But\u00a0: <strong>expliquer<\/strong>, <strong>cadrer<\/strong><\/li>\n<li>Codage <strong>matriciel<\/strong> dit \u00ab\u00a0<strong>s\u00e9lectif\u00a0<\/strong>\u00bb \u00ab\u00a0<strong>multiple\u00a0<\/strong>\u00bb\u00a0: articulation des cat\u00e9gories autour de la cat\u00e9gorie centrale identifi\u00e9e in fine produisant un mod\u00e8le th\u00e9orique du cas.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li><strong>Th\u00e9orisation\u00a0<\/strong>: construction d\u2019un mod\u00e8le th\u00e9orique du cas analys\u00e9 organisant et hi\u00e9rarchisant les concepts et les cat\u00e9gories autour d\u2019un \u00e9nonc\u00e9 central.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3 id=\"codification\">1. Codification<\/h3>\n<p>D\u00e9finition <span class=\"zp-InText-zp-ID--1093634-ISWS7NB5--wp1317 zp-InText-Citation loading\" rel=\"{ 'pages': 'np', 'items': '{1093634:ISWS7NB5}', 'format': '(%num%)', 'brackets': '', 'etal': '', 'separator': '', 'and': '' }\"><\/span>\u00a0: Ope\u0301ration intellectuelle qui consiste a\u0300 <strong>transformer des donne\u0301es brutes<\/strong> (faits observe\u0301s, paroles recueillies, etc.), <strong>en une premie\u0300re formulation signifiante<\/strong> (code), dont le <strong>sens<\/strong> reste cependant <strong>banal<\/strong> et <strong>proche<\/strong> du sens commun.<\/p>\n<p>Anglais\u00a0: <em>coding<\/em><\/p>\n<p>Les donn\u00e9es ne sont pas interpr\u00e9tables en l\u2019\u00e9tat\u00a0:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Les transcripts sont cumul\u00e9s sans cadre, sans organisation. Un volume de donn\u00e9es tr\u00e8s important est \u00e0 disposition, il faut arriver \u00e0 s\u00e9lectionner les informations importantes pour en d\u00e9gager l\u2019essentiel.<\/li>\n<li>Les mots peuvent avoir plusieurs sens en fonction du contexte et ils sont difficiles \u00e0 manipuler.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Une seule solution, c\u2019est la manifesta\u2026 heu non, <strong>CODER\u00a0<\/strong>!<\/p>\n<p>Il faut se poser les questions suivantes\u00a0:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Qu\u2019est ce qu\u2019il y a ici\u00a0?<\/li>\n<li>Qu\u2019est ce que c\u2019est\u00a0?<\/li>\n<li>De quoi est-il question\u00a0?<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>On code mot par mot, phrase par phrase dans le sens <strong>chronologique<\/strong> (du d\u00e9but \u00e0 la fin), en mettant une <strong>\u00e9tiquette<\/strong> (d\u00e9signant une unit\u00e9 de signification), puis on <strong>extrait<\/strong> ces codes (codage extractif) et on les <strong>organise<\/strong> (codage organisationnel) <strong>sans les qualifier ni les conceptualiser<\/strong> (il faut rester tr\u00e8s proche du texte). Le principe de base du codage est qu\u2019avec le nom du code, on doit pouvoir retrouver rapidement le concept d\u2019origine.<\/p>\n<p>On peut retrouver <strong>plusieurs types de codes<\/strong>\u00a0:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Codes <strong>conceptuels<\/strong>\u00a0: c\u2019est une cat\u00e9gorie renvoyant \u00e0 un ph\u00e9nom\u00e8ne, une id\u00e9e.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Codes-cheville<\/strong>\u00a0: codes pouvant \u00eatre regroup\u00e9s\u00a0pour constituer une cat\u00e9gorie.<\/li>\n<li>Codes <strong>centraux<\/strong>\u00a0: codes paraissant plus importants, plus pertinents que les autres pouvant donner une piste int\u00e9ressante.<\/li>\n<li>Codes de <strong>r\u00e9serve<\/strong>\u00a0: codes qui pourraient \u00eatre utiles mais dans cette situation sont hors de propos ou non pertinents.<\/li>\n<li>Codes <strong>socio-d\u00e9mographiques<\/strong>\u00a0: codes plus factuels comme l\u2019\u00e2ge d\u2019une personne.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>On va cr\u00e9er un <strong>livre de code<\/strong> qui contient\u00a0:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>1 ligne par code accompagn\u00e9 de sa d\u00e9finition, qui doit \u00eatre claire, univoque et de m\u00eame signification pour tous.<\/li>\n<li>1 ligne par verbatim rattach\u00e9 au code.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>On retrouver le mod\u00e8le suivant\u00a0:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Code 1\u00a0: \u2026\n<ul>\n<li>Phrase 1\u00a0: \u00ab\u00a0\u2026\u00a0\u00bb<\/li>\n<li>Phrase 2\u00a0: \u00ab\u00a0\u2026\u00a0\u00bb<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li>Code 2\u00a0: \u2026\n<ul>\n<li>Phrase 1\u00a0: \u00ab\u00a0\u2026\u00a0\u00bb<\/li>\n<li>Phrase 2\u00a0: \u00ab\u00a0\u2026\u00a0\u00bb<\/li>\n<li>Phrase 3\u00a0:\u00a0\u00ab\u00a0\u2026\u00a0\u00bb<\/li>\n<li>Phrase 4\u00a0: \u00ab\u00a0\u2026\u00a0\u00bb<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li>Etc<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3 id=\"categorisation\">2. Cat\u00e9gorisation<\/h3>\n<p>D\u00e9finition <span class=\"zp-InText-zp-ID--1093634-ISWS7NB5--wp1317 zp-InText-Citation loading\" rel=\"{ 'pages': 'np', 'items': '{1093634:ISWS7NB5}', 'format': '(%num%)', 'brackets': '', 'etal': '', 'separator': '', 'and': '' }\"><\/span>\u00a0: Op\u00e9ration intellectuelle qui permet de <strong>d\u00e9duire un sens plus g\u00e9n\u00e9ral d\u2019un ensemble d\u2019\u00e9l\u00e9ments<\/strong> bruts du corpus ou d\u2019\u00e9l\u00e9ments d\u00e9j\u00e0 codifi\u00e9s, <strong>sous la forme de cat\u00e9gories<\/strong>. Il s\u2019agit d\u2019un <strong>d\u00e9but de th\u00e9orisation<\/strong> scientifique, qui met en \u0153uvre le(s) paradigme(s) de r\u00e9f\u00e9rence du chercheur, mais en principe sans grille th\u00e9orique et conceptuelle a priori<em>.<\/em><\/p>\n<p>Anglais\u00a0: <em>categorization<\/em><\/p>\n<p>L\u2019analyse se porte au niveau conceptuel, en identifiant de mani\u00e8re plus riche et plus englobante les ph\u00e9nom\u00e8nes issus du codage. Sans annuler le codage, elle le place dans une dimension plus explicative et plus large. La cat\u00e9gorisation est un outil bien plus central et riche que le codage primaire. Elle doit \u00eatre manipul\u00e9e\u00a0: d\u00e9crite, modifi\u00e9e, divis\u00e9e, fusionn\u00e9e, \u00e9largie\u2026<\/p>\n<p>La cat\u00e9gorisation se d\u00e9roule en 2 \u00e9tapes\u00a0:<\/p>\n<ol>\n<li><strong>Lister les cat\u00e9gories<\/strong> form\u00e9es lors de la codification<\/li>\n<li><strong>Tester les cat\u00e9gories<\/strong> sur une transcription\u00a0: Qu\u2019est ce qui se passe ici\u00a0? De quoi s\u2018agit-il\u00a0? Je suis en face de quel ph\u00e9nom\u00e8ne\u00a0?<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p>Pour chaque cat\u00e9gorie, il faut passer par <strong>4 \u00e9tapes r\u00e9flexives\u00a0<\/strong>:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Sa<\/strong> <strong>d\u00e9finition\u00a0<\/strong>: \u00e0 quelle notion, quelle d\u00e9finition la cat\u00e9gorie renvoie-t-elle\u00a0?<\/li>\n<li><strong>Ses propri\u00e9t\u00e9s\u00a0<\/strong>(ce qui la compose)<\/li>\n<li><strong>Ses conditions d\u2019existence<\/strong> (Quelles sont les conditions \u00e0 respecter ou les propri\u00e9t\u00e9s qui doivent \u00eatre pr\u00e9sentes pour que le ph\u00e9nom\u00e8ne ait lieu et que la cat\u00e9gorie s\u2019applique\u00a0?)<\/li>\n<li><strong>Ses diff\u00e9rentes formes et dimensions possibles <\/strong>(intensit\u00e9, dur\u00e9e\u2026)<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Comme vous pouvez l\u2019imaginez, cette \u00e9tape demande une grande organisation et beaucoup de minutie. Le chercheur va se retrouver devant des centaines de pages de corpus et va devoir analyser chaque code, chaque cat\u00e9gorie sachant que les cat\u00e9gories sont instables et vont changer durant le processus d\u2019analyse.<\/p>\n<h3 id=\"mise\">3. Mise en relation<\/h3>\n<p>D\u00e9finition <span class=\"zp-InText-zp-ID--1093634-ZIU8JTME--wp1317 zp-InText-Citation loading\" rel=\"{ 'pages': 'np', 'items': '{1093634:ZIU8JTME}', 'format': '(%num%)', 'brackets': '', 'etal': '', 'separator': '', 'and': '' }\"><\/span> : phase de l\u2019analyse des donne\u0301es consistant a\u0300 <strong>ope\u0301rer des rapprochements entre les cate\u0301gories identifie\u0301es<\/strong>. Il peut s\u2019agir de relations de continuite\u0301, de causalite\u0301, de concomitance, de coexistence, d\u2019imbrication.<\/p>\n<p>Anglais\u00a0: <em>mapping<\/em><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>On passe d\u2019un plan statique \u00e0\u00a0un plan dynamique. Le chercheur s\u2019engage dans une d\u00e9marche de construction de forme pyramidale avec des cat\u00e9gories centrales regroupant s\u2019articulant avec des cat\u00e9gories accessoires dans une logique d\u2019\u00e9laboration d\u2019un sch\u00e9ma explicatif.<\/p>\n<p>Le d\u00e9but de la mise en relation a <strong>d\u00e9j\u00e0 d\u00e9but\u00e9 durant la cat\u00e9gorisation<\/strong>. La diff\u00e9rence est qu\u2019on va <strong>syst\u00e9matiser ce processus\u00a0<\/strong>: tel ph\u00e9nom\u00e8ne est-il en relation avec tel ph\u00e9nom\u00e8ne\u00a0? Ce questionnement se retrouve \u00e0 <strong>2 niveaux\u00a0<\/strong>:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Le constat au niveau du recueil\u00a0<\/strong>: l\u2019informateur met-il en relation ses 2 ph\u00e9nom\u00e8nes dans son discours\u00a0?<\/li>\n<li><strong>La recherche au niveau conceptuel\u00a0<\/strong>: l\u2019analyse permet-elle de mettre en relation ces 2 ph\u00e9nom\u00e8nes\u00a0?<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><strong>3 approches<\/strong> permettent de mettre en relation ces cat\u00e9gories\u00a0:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Approche <strong>empirique\u00a0<\/strong>: le chercheur <strong>met en relation des cat\u00e9gories \u00e0 partir d\u2019elles-m\u00eames et des ph\u00e9nom\u00e8nes auxquels elles sont associ\u00e9es.<\/strong> En se r\u00e9f\u00e9rant aux cat\u00e9gories et au corpus de texte, on se pose les questions de la mise en relation\u00a0: ce que j\u2019ai fait ici est-il li\u00e9 avec ce que j\u2019ai l\u00e0 ? En quoi et comment est-ce li\u00e9 ?<\/li>\n<li>Approche <strong>sp\u00e9culative\u00a0<\/strong>: le chercheur fait appel \u00e0 sa <strong>logique<\/strong> et son <strong>exp\u00e9rience<\/strong>. On peut se poser les questions suivantes\u00a0: \u00e0 quelle cat\u00e9gorie est li\u00e9e cette cat\u00e9gorie\u00a0? quels sont les liens entre ces 2 cat\u00e9gories\u00a0? Quelle cat\u00e9gorie suit ou pr\u00e9c\u00e8de cette cat\u00e9gorie\u00a0?&#8230;<\/li>\n<li>Approche <strong>th\u00e9orique\u00a0<\/strong>: le chercheur s\u2019appuie sur les <strong>donn\u00e9es scientifiques existante<\/strong> sur cette question. Si on observe des liens semblables entre notre \u00e9tude et les donn\u00e9es de la litt\u00e9rature, cet argument est en faveur de la g\u00e9n\u00e9ralisabilit\u00e9 des r\u00e9sultats. S\u2019il n\u2019y a pas de lien, cela peut correspondre \u00e0 une nouvelle piste \u00e0 explorer pouvant t\u00e9moigner de l\u2019originalit\u00e9 de l\u2019\u00e9tude.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3 id=\"integration\">4. Int\u00e9gration<\/h3>\n<p>Comme nous l\u2019avions dit, la th\u00e9orisation ancr\u00e9e utilise un mod\u00e8le <strong>hypoth\u00e9tico-d\u00e9ductif<\/strong>. Contrairement \u00e0 la recherche quantitative qui part d\u2019une hypoth\u00e8se, la GTM part des donn\u00e9es pour \u00e9laborer une hypoth\u00e8se.<\/p>\n<p>Les premi\u00e8res \u00e9tapes de l\u2019analyse participent au d\u00e9veloppement de multiple th\u00e9ories et explications. Le chercheur risque de se perdre dans son analyse, m\u00eame s\u2019il utilise une carte heuristique. C\u2019est \u00e0 ce moment qu\u2019il doit <strong>r\u00e9fl\u00e9chir \u00e0 la direction que prend son analyse, dans quel cadre s\u2019int\u00e8gre les donn\u00e9es.<\/strong> Il doit d\u00e9passer les diff\u00e9rents ph\u00e9nom\u00e8nes observ\u00e9s pour <strong>faire \u00e9merger un ph\u00e9nom\u00e8ne g\u00e9n\u00e9ral<\/strong>.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>Questions \u00e0 se poser\u00a0:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Quel est le probl\u00e8me principal\u00a0?<\/li>\n<li>Quelle \u00e9tait l\u2019id\u00e9e de d\u00e9part\u00a0?<\/li>\n<li>Face \u00e0 quel ph\u00e9nom\u00e8ne g\u00e9n\u00e9ral suis-je\u00a0?<\/li>\n<li>Finalement, sur quoi porte mon \u00e9tude\u00a0?<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>Bien que cette \u00e9tape soit majeure, la r\u00e9flexion ne se traduit pas par un travail \u00e9crit lors de l\u2019analyse comme le codage et la cat\u00e9gorisation. Elle est tr\u00e8s li\u00e9e \u00e0 la cat\u00e9gorisation car c\u2019est en mettant en relation les cat\u00e9gories que la dynamique se cr\u00e9e, que la th\u00e9orisation s\u2019initie et que l\u2019abstraction commence.<\/p>\n<h3 id=\"modelisation\">5. Mod\u00e9lisation<\/h3>\n<p>D\u00e9finition (adapt\u00e9e de Strauss)\u00a0: la mod\u00e9lisation consiste \u00e0 <strong>reproduire le plus fid\u00e8lement possible l\u2019organisation<\/strong> des relations structurelles et fonctionnelles <strong>caract\u00e9risant un ph\u00e9nom\u00e8ne<\/strong> (un \u00e9v\u00e9nement, un syst\u00e8me, etc) cern\u00e9 au terme de l\u2019op\u00e9ration d\u2019int\u00e9gration.<\/p>\n<p>Ainsi, une fois le ph\u00e9nom\u00e8ne g\u00e9n\u00e9ral saisi lors de l\u2019int\u00e9gration, le chercheur poursuit l\u2019analyse <strong>vers un degr\u00e9 d\u2019abstraction plus \u00e9lev\u00e9<\/strong>.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>Les questions \u00e0 se poser\u00a0:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>De quel <strong>type<\/strong> de ph\u00e9nom\u00e8ne s\u2019agit-il ? Est-il bien <strong>caract\u00e9ris\u00e9\u00a0<\/strong>? Est-il atypique ou plut\u00f4t courant\u00a0?<\/li>\n<li>Quels sont les <strong>propri\u00e9t\u00e9s<\/strong> du ph\u00e9nom\u00e8ne ? Elles sont souvent repr\u00e9sent\u00e9es par les principales <strong>cat\u00e9gories<\/strong> de l\u2019analyse.<\/li>\n<li>Quels sont les <strong>ant\u00e9c\u00e9dents<\/strong> du ph\u00e9nom\u00e8ne\u00a0? Afin de trouver les <strong>conditions de son existence\u00a0<\/strong>(Quel contexte\u00a0? Quels facteurs favorisant ou inhibant\u00a0?&#8230;)<\/li>\n<li>Quels sont les <strong>cons\u00e9quences<\/strong> du ph\u00e9nom\u00e8ne\u00a0? Pour conna\u00eetre ses <strong>r\u00e9percussions sur son environnement<\/strong> et son <strong>\u00e9volution<\/strong>. (Quels effets sur les autres ph\u00e9nom\u00e8nes\u00a0? Qu\u2019est ce qui le fait varier\u00a0?&#8230;)<\/li>\n<li>Quel est le <strong>processus mis en jeu autour de ce ph\u00e9nom\u00e8ne\u00a0<\/strong>? (Que se passe-t-il entre les ant\u00e9c\u00e9dents et les cons\u00e9quences\u00a0? Quelles logiques s\u2019affrontent\u00a0? Quels sont les contradictions\u00a0? Comment \u00e9volue-t-il\u00a0?&#8230;)<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Attention, la mod\u00e9lisation <strong>n\u2019a pas pour but d\u2019\u00e9laborer un mod\u00e8le g\u00e9n\u00e9ralisant<\/strong> visant \u00e0 expliquer les autres ph\u00e9nom\u00e8nes semblables. Elle consiste \u00e0 <strong>r\u00e9aliser sch\u00e9matiquement les processus mise en jeu lors des \u00e9tapes pr\u00e9c\u00e9dentes<\/strong> (cat\u00e9gorisation, mise en relation).<\/p>\n<h3 id=\"theorisation\">6. Th\u00e9orisation<\/h3>\n<p>Lors de cette derni\u00e8re \u00e9tape, le chercheur tend \u00e0 renforcer la th\u00e9orie \u00e9mergente et \u00e9carter les explications divergentes. La th\u00e9orisation doit permettre de saisir la complexit\u00e9 du ph\u00e9nom\u00e8ne autant au niveau empirique que conceptuel, tout en gardant \u00e0 l\u2019esprit <strong>qu\u2019elle ne sera jamais achev\u00e9e.<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong>\u00a0<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>On dispose de 3 strat\u00e9gies\u00a0:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Echantillonnage th\u00e9orique\u00a0<\/strong>:\n<ul>\n<li>D\u00e9finition <span class=\"zp-InText-zp-ID--1093634-ISWS7NB5--wp1317 zp-InText-Citation loading\" rel=\"{ 'pages': 'np', 'items': '{1093634:ISWS7NB5}', 'format': '(%num%)', 'brackets': '', 'etal': '', 'separator': '', 'and': '' }\"><\/span> : modalite\u0301 d\u2019e\u0301chantillonnage raisonne\u0301 dans une recherche naturaliste consistant a\u0300 <strong>se\u0301lectionner les participants selon un rationnel fonde\u0301 sur les concepts qui e\u0301mergent en cours d\u2019e\u0301tude<\/strong>, de sorte que les <strong>questions cle\u0301s soient correctement repre\u0301sente\u0301es.<\/strong><\/li>\n<li>Anglais\u00a0: <em>theoretical sampling<\/em><\/li>\n<li>Au lieu d\u2019\u00e9chantillonner des sujet diff\u00e9rents (\u00e2ge, sexe\u2026), on va \u00e9chantillonner les diverses manifestations d\u2019un ph\u00e9nom\u00e8ne (cat\u00e9gorie, mod\u00e8le, th\u00e9orie) mise en \u00e9vidence durant l\u2019analyse.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li><strong>Induction analytique\u00a0<\/strong>: on confronte l\u2019explication du ph\u00e9nom\u00e8ne avec des \u00e9v\u00e9nements qui contredisent cette explication, appel\u00e9s <strong>\u00ab\u00a0cas n\u00e9gatifs\u00a0\u00bb<\/strong>. Soit les cas n\u00e9gatifs <strong>remettent en cause l\u2019explication<\/strong>, soit ils sont <strong>consid\u00e9r\u00e9s comme<\/strong> <strong>non pertinents<\/strong> par rapport au ph\u00e9nom\u00e8ne \u00e9tudi\u00e9.<\/li>\n<li><strong>V\u00e9rification des implications th\u00e9oriques\u00a0<\/strong>: afin de d\u00e9terminer les implications logiques qui d\u00e9coulent de la th\u00e9orie, on va <strong>d\u00e9composer la th\u00e9orie <\/strong>(ou le mod\u00e8le)<strong> en \u00e9nonc\u00e9s<\/strong> <strong>puis les tester<\/strong> dans le corpus ou lors d\u2019observations ou entretiens <strong>pour voir si ces implications se manifestent comme pr\u00e9vu.<\/strong> On peut utiliser la formulation <strong>\u00ab\u00a0Si\u2026alors\u2026\u00a0\u00bb<\/strong> pour v\u00e9rifier si les donn\u00e9es sont en accord (ou pas) avec les hypoth\u00e8ses \u00e9mises.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2 id=\"ipa\">B. La ph\u00e9nom\u00e9nologie interpr\u00e9tative (IPA)<\/h2>\n<p>Cette m\u00e9thode, issue de la psychologie clinique des ann\u00e9es 90, \u00e9tudie <strong>comment les personnes donnent sens \u00e0 leurs exp\u00e9riences de vie<\/strong>. Elle tente <strong>d&rsquo;explorer et d&rsquo;expliquer les donn\u00e9es subjectives issue de l&rsquo;exp\u00e9rience du sujet<\/strong> et en s\u2019int\u00e9resse en quoi cette exp\u00e9rience a eu une signification particuli\u00e8re pour ce sujet.<\/p>\n<p><em>Exemple\u00a0: l\u2019exp\u00e9rience de syndrome de fatigue chronique, l\u2019impact du refus de la vaccination par des patients chez le m\u00e9decin g\u00e9n\u00e9raliste.<\/em><\/p>\n<p>Cette m\u00e9thode est issue de <strong>3 principaux courants<\/strong> :<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Ph\u00e9nom\u00e9nologie<\/strong> :\n<ul>\n<li>D\u00e9finition<span class=\"zp-InText-zp-ID--1093634-ZIU8JTME--wp1317 zp-InText-Citation loading\" rel=\"{ 'pages': 'np', 'items': '{1093634:ZIU8JTME}', 'format': '(%num%)', 'brackets': '', 'etal': '', 'separator': '', 'and': '' }\"><\/span> : cadre the\u0301orique visant a\u0300 explorer <strong>comment les individus interpre\u0300tent le monde<\/strong> et a\u0300 <strong>re\u0301ve\u0301ler les explications profondes issues de leur expe\u0301rience subjective<\/strong>. L\u2019 \u00ab essence \u00bb des phe\u0301nome\u0300nes peut ainsi e\u0302tre saisie a\u0300 partir du ve\u0301cu de l\u2019individu dans son imme\u0301diat existentiel.<\/li>\n<li>Elle utilise une approche <strong>inductive<\/strong> sans \u00e9mettre d\u2019hypoth\u00e8se a priori et tente de comprendre le monde \u00e0 partir de la perspective du sujet.<\/li>\n<li>Anglais :\u00a0<em>phenomenology<\/em><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li><strong>Herm\u00e9neutique<\/strong> :\n<ul>\n<li>D\u00e9finition<span class=\"zp-InText-zp-ID--1093634-ZIU8JTME--wp1317 zp-InText-Citation loading\" rel=\"{ 'pages': 'np', 'items': '{1093634:ZIU8JTME}', 'format': '(%num%)', 'brackets': '', 'etal': '', 'separator': '', 'and': '' }\"><\/span> :\n<ol>\n<li>Cadre the\u0301orique posant que <strong>la compre\u0301hension peut e\u0302tre obtenue a\u0300 partir de l\u2019interpre\u0301tation ite\u0301rative et empirique<\/strong> d\u2019un texte, d\u2019un objet ou d\u2019une interaction, explicitement conduite <strong>dans son contexte culturel et historique<\/strong>.<\/li>\n<li>Interpre\u0301tation de textes philosophiques et religieux, a\u0300 la recherche des contenus symboliques dans leur dimension mythique.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<\/li>\n<li>Le chercheur tente de donner du sens au participant, qui tente de donner du sens \u00e0 ce qui lui arrive.<\/li>\n<li>Anglais :\u00a0<em>hermeneutics<\/em><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li><strong>Idiographie<\/strong> :\n<ul>\n<li><span class=\"zp-InText-zp-ID--1093634-MMFCT5BB--wp1317 zp-InText-Citation loading\" rel=\"{ 'pages': 'np', 'items': '{1093634:MMFCT5BB}', 'format': '(%num%)', 'brackets': '', 'etal': '', 'separator': '', 'and': '' }\"><\/span> Elle correspond \u00e0 <strong>l&rsquo;\u00e9tude d&rsquo;un cas singulier<\/strong>, l\u2019IPA veut conna\u00eetre en d\u00e9tail l\u2019exp\u00e9rience de cette personne, quel sens cette personne particuli\u00e8re donne \u00e0 ce qui lui arrive. <strong>En approfondissant le particulier, l&rsquo;analyse devient de plus en plus universelle.<\/strong><\/li>\n<li>A partir d\u2019un cas particulier, le chercheur analyse les similarit\u00e9s et les diff\u00e9rences avec les autres cas. Effectu\u00e9e sur des \u00e9chantillons restreints, on tente de g\u00e9n\u00e9raliser des affirmations, en d\u00e9montrant <strong>l\u2019existence et non pas l\u2019incidence<\/strong>.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>Les 6 \u00e9tapes de l\u2019analyse du transcript\u00a0:<\/p>\n<ol>\n<li>Lire et le relire<\/li>\n<li>Commentaires initiaux<\/li>\n<li>D\u00e9veloppement des th\u00e8mes \u00e9mergeants<\/li>\n<li>Recherche de connexion entre les th\u00e8mes<\/li>\n<li>Analyse du cas suivant<\/li>\n<li>Recherche de <em>patterns<\/em> \u00e0 travers les cas<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<h4>1. Lire et relire<\/h4>\n<p>Le chercheur doit bien <strong>s\u2019approprier le texte afin d\u2019avoir un regard global<\/strong> sur le transcript. Il lit, relit, \u00e9coute, r\u00e9\u00e9coute afin de p\u00e9n\u00e9trer dans l\u2019univers singulier du cas. Cette phase n\u00e9cessite un r\u00e9el <strong>engagement psychologique du chercheur<\/strong>.<\/p>\n<h4>2. Commentaires initiaux<\/h4>\n<p>Cette \u00e9tape exploratoire analyse le contenu s\u00e9mantique et l\u2019utilisation du langage.<\/p>\n<p>Tr\u00e8s chronophage, cette \u00e9tape se rapproche de l\u2019analyse d\u2019un texte libre\u00a0: le chercheur doit <strong>analyser de mani\u00e8re d\u00e9taill\u00e9e tout le texte en annotant<\/strong> tout ce qui pourrait \u00eatre int\u00e9ressant.<\/p>\n<p>Il n\u2019existe pas de r\u00e8gle ni de recommandation, il faut juste garder l\u2019esprit ouvert.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>On peut utiliser <strong>3 types de commentaires\u00a0<\/strong>:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Descriptif\u00a0<\/strong>: d\u00e9crit le contenu de ce que le participant a dit, ses propos sont claires, le sens est explicite (commentaire normal).<\/li>\n<li><strong>Linguistique\u00a0<\/strong>: explore l\u2019utilisation sp\u00e9cifique du langage, de certains mots par le sujet (<em>commentaire en italique<\/em>).<\/li>\n<li><strong>Conceptuel<\/strong> (interpr\u00e9tatif)\u00a0: le chercheur tente d\u2019interpr\u00e9ter, de faire surgir de concepts (<u>commentaire soulign\u00e9<\/u>).<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h4>3. D\u00e9veloppement des th\u00e8mes \u00e9mergeants<\/h4>\n<p>Cette nouvelle \u00e9tape fait prendre plus de <strong>recul<\/strong> au chercheur par rapport au texte. On s\u2019\u00e9loigne du d\u00e9tails (transcript) et \u00e0 l\u2019aide de nos notes et commentaires, on cherche\u00a0\u00e0 <strong>faire \u00e9merger des th\u00e9matiques<\/strong>. Ces th\u00e9matiques sont g\u00e9n\u00e9ralement exprim\u00e9es sous forme par des <strong>phrases qui parlent de l\u2019essence psychologique des ph\u00e9nom\u00e8nes<\/strong>, elles doivent \u00eatre suffisamment <strong>proche du ph\u00e9nom\u00e8ne<\/strong> (v\u00e9cu du participant) et de l\u2019abstraction (<strong>conceptuel<\/strong>)<\/p>\n<h4>4. Recherche de connexion entre les th\u00e8mes<\/h4>\n<p>Une fois les th\u00e8mes relev\u00e9s, le chercheur va chercher une articulation, des points communs.<\/p>\n<p>Cette phase <strong>cr\u00e9ative<\/strong> implique la r\u00e9alisation de sch\u00e9mas et diagrammes permettant de repr\u00e9senter la structure entre les th\u00e8mes.<\/p>\n<p>Ne pas oublier de lier chaque th\u00e8me \u00e0 des extraits issus du transcript original.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>L\u2019utilisation de <strong>carte heuristique<\/strong> peut \u00eatre un outil tr\u00e8s int\u00e9ressant<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/fr.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Carte_heuristique\">D\u00e9finition<\/a> : sch\u00e9ma, suppos\u00e9 refl\u00e9ter le fonctionnement de la pens\u00e9e, qui permet de repr\u00e9senter visuellement et de suivre le cheminement associatif de la pens\u00e9e. Cela permet de <strong>mettre en lumi\u00e8re les liens qui existent entre u<img data-recalc-dims=\"1\" loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" data-attachment-id=\"1334\" data-permalink=\"https:\/\/lepcam.fr\/index.php\/les-etapes\/quali\/mindmap-copie\/\" data-orig-file=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/lepcam.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/05\/mindmap-copie.png?fit=640%2C507&amp;ssl=1\" data-orig-size=\"640,507\" data-comments-opened=\"1\" data-image-meta=\"{&quot;aperture&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;credit&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;camera&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;caption&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;created_timestamp&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;copyright&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;focal_length&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;iso&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;shutter_speed&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;title&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;orientation&quot;:&quot;0&quot;}\" data-image-title=\"exemple de mindmap\/carte heuristique\" data-image-description=\"\" data-image-caption=\"\" data-large-file=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/lepcam.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/05\/mindmap-copie.png?fit=629%2C498&amp;ssl=1\" class=\"alignright size-medium wp-image-1334\" src=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/lepcam.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/05\/mindmap-copie-300x238.png?resize=300%2C238&#038;ssl=1\" alt=\"exemple de mindmap\/carte heuristique\" width=\"300\" height=\"238\" srcset=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/lepcam.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/05\/mindmap-copie.png?resize=300%2C238&amp;ssl=1 300w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/lepcam.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/05\/mindmap-copie.png?resize=600%2C475&amp;ssl=1 600w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/lepcam.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/05\/mindmap-copie.png?w=640&amp;ssl=1 640w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 300px) 100vw, 300px\" \/>n concept ou une id\u00e9e, et les informations qui leur sont associ\u00e9es.<\/strong><\/li>\n<li>Anglais\u00a0: <em>mind map<\/em><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h4>5. Analyse du cas suivant<\/h4>\n<p><strong>Le nouveau cas sera trait\u00e9 ind\u00e9pendamment du 1<\/strong><sup><strong>er<\/strong>\u00a0<\/sup>: nouvel entretien, nouvelle singularit\u00e9.<\/p>\n<p>Cette contrainte est particuli\u00e8rement difficile car le chercheur se sera \u00e9motionnellement et psychologiquement impliqu\u00e9 dans l\u2019analyse du 1<sup>er<\/sup> cas. Il devra <strong>retrouver sa neutralit\u00e9 et son objectivit\u00e9<\/strong> de chercheur afin de ne pas se laisser influencer.<\/p>\n<h4>6. Recherche de <em>patterns<\/em> \u00e0 travers les cas<\/h4>\n<p>Le mot anglais \u00ab\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/fr.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Pattern\"><strong><em>pattern<\/em><\/strong><\/a>\u00a0\u00bb est souvent utilis\u00e9 pour d\u00e9signer un mod\u00e8le, une structure, un motif, un type, etc. Il s&rsquo;agit souvent d&rsquo;un ph\u00e9nom\u00e8ne ou d&rsquo;une organisation que l&rsquo;on peut <strong>observer de fa\u00e7on r\u00e9p\u00e9t\u00e9e<\/strong> lors de l&rsquo;\u00e9tude de certains sujets, auquel il peut conf\u00e9rer des <strong>propri\u00e9t\u00e9s caract\u00e9ristiques<\/strong>.<\/p>\n<p>Un <em>pattern<\/em> constitue donc une solution g\u00e9n\u00e9rique \u00e0 un type de probl\u00e8me fr\u00e9quemment rencontr\u00e9, en d\u00e9crivant et formalisant les <strong>concepts<\/strong> sous-jacents \u00e0 cette solution.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><strong>A travers l\u2019analyse ind\u00e9pendante de plusieurs cas, on va retrouver un mod\u00e8le commun<\/strong>.<\/p>\n<p>On retrouve l\u2019id\u00e9e que\u00a0:\u00a0\u00ab Le plus profond vous allez dans votre analyse, le plus universel elle devient \u00bb<\/p>\n<h2 id=\"discours\">C. Analyse du discours (DA)<\/h2>\n<p>D\u00e9finition\u00a0<span class=\"zp-InText-zp-ID--1093634-ISWS7NB5--wp1317 zp-InText-Citation loading\" rel=\"{ 'pages': 'np', 'items': '{1093634:ISWS7NB5}', 'format': '(%num%)', 'brackets': '', 'etal': '', 'separator': '', 'and': '' }\"><\/span> : me\u0301thode d\u2019analyse du langage destine\u0301e a\u0300 rendre compre\u0301hensible son ro\u0302le dans la construction de l\u2019univers social. L\u2019analyse critique du discours est centre\u0301e sur les <strong>caracte\u0301ristiques des textes oraux et e\u0301crits dans leur contexte social<\/strong>, par opposition a\u0300 l\u2019analyse linguistique du discours, qui inclut l\u2019analyse des caracte\u0301ristiques grammaticales.<\/p>\n<p>Anglais :\u00a0<em>Discourse analysis<\/em><\/p>\n<p><em>En cours de r\u00e9daction\u2026<\/em><\/p>\n<h2 id=\"ethnographie\">D. Ethnographie<\/h2>\n<p>D\u00e9finition <span class=\"zp-InText-zp-ID--1093634-9JT9C9HC--wp1317 zp-InText-Citation loading\" rel=\"{ 'pages': 'np', 'items': '{1093634:9JT9C9HC}', 'format': '(%num%)', 'brackets': '', 'etal': '', 'separator': '', 'and': '' }\"><\/span> : compre\u0301hension de certains <strong>e\u0301le\u0301ments socio-culturels <\/strong>d\u2019un groupe (conceptions, normes, repr\u00e9sentations, croyances) a\u0300 partir du point de vue des membres <strong>faisant partie de ce groupe<\/strong> (de\u0301but XXe\u0300me).<\/p>\n<p>Cette m\u00e9thode consiste \u00e0 de\u0301crire et analyser sur le terrain les liens sociaux, les normes et les conduites de groupes souvent restreints et de\u0301termine\u0301s.<\/p>\n<p><em>En cours de r\u00e9daction&#8230;<\/em><\/p>\n<hr \/>\n\n<div id='zp-InTextBib-zotpress-a9d5353c358162f6ce419c9577fe8ae5' class='zp-Zotpress zp-Zotpress-InTextBib wp-block-group zp-Post-1317'>\r\n\t\t<span class=\"ZP_ITEM_KEY 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id=\"zp-ID-1317-1093634-WSNAV6FU\" data-zp-author-date='-0000-00-00' data-zp-date-author='0000-00-00-' data-zp-date='0000-00-00' data-zp-year='0000' data-zp-itemtype='annotation' class=\"zp-Entry zpSearchResultsItem\">\n<div class=\"csl-bib-body\" style=\"line-height: 1.35; \">\n  <div class=\"csl-entry\" style=\"clear: left; \">\n    <div class=\"csl-left-margin\" style=\"float: left; padding-right: 0.5em; text-align: right; width: 1em;\">1.<\/div><div class=\"csl-right-inline\" style=\"margin: 0 .4em 0 1.5em;\">3.7\u2013.<\/div>\n   <\/div>\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div><!-- .zp-Entry .zpSearchResultsItem -->\t\t\t\t<div id=\"zp-ID-1317-1093634-5C83BXKP\" data-zp-author-date='-0000-00-00' data-zp-date-author='0000-00-00-' data-zp-date='0000-00-00' data-zp-year='0000' data-zp-itemtype='annotation' class=\"zp-Entry zpSearchResultsItem\">\n<div class=\"csl-bib-body\" style=\"line-height: 1.35; \">\n  <div class=\"csl-entry\" style=\"clear: left; \">\n    <div class=\"csl-left-margin\" style=\"float: left; padding-right: 0.5em; text-align: right; width: 1em;\">1.<\/div><div class=\"csl-right-inline\" style=\"margin: 0 .4em 0 1.5em;\">13.4% of participants fell within the KDIGO 2012 moderate risk CKD, 0.9\u20135.6% within the high-risk group and 0.3\u20134.8% within the very high-risk group.<\/div>\n   <\/div>\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div><!-- .zp-Entry .zpSearchResultsItem -->\t\t\t\t<div id=\"zp-ID-1317-1093634-U7VZZSRR\" data-zp-author-date='-0000-00-00' data-zp-date-author='0000-00-00-' data-zp-date='0000-00-00' data-zp-year='0000' data-zp-itemtype='annotation' class=\"zp-Entry zpSearchResultsItem\">\n<div class=\"csl-bib-body\" style=\"line-height: 1.35; \">\n  <div class=\"csl-entry\" style=\"clear: left; \">\n    <div class=\"csl-left-margin\" style=\"float: left; padding-right: 0.5em; text-align: right; width: 1em;\">1.<\/div><div class=\"csl-right-inline\" style=\"margin: 0 .4em 0 1.5em;\">Orlandi PF, Huang J, Fukagawa M, et al. A collaborative, individual-level analysis compared longitudinal outcomes across the International Network of Chronic Kidney Disease (iNETCKD) cohorts. Kidney Int. 2019;96:1217\u201333.<\/div>\n   <\/div>\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div><!-- .zp-Entry .zpSearchResultsItem -->\t\t\t\t<div id=\"zp-ID-1317-1093634-QHKDBIRN\" data-zp-author-date='-0000-00-00' data-zp-date-author='0000-00-00-' data-zp-date='0000-00-00' data-zp-year='0000' data-zp-itemtype='annotation' class=\"zp-Entry zpSearchResultsItem\">\n<div class=\"csl-bib-body\" style=\"line-height: 1.35; \">\n  <div class=\"csl-entry\" style=\"clear: left; \">\n    <div class=\"csl-left-margin\" style=\"float: left; padding-right: 0.5em; text-align: right; width: 1em;\">1.<\/div><div class=\"csl-right-inline\" style=\"margin: 0 .4em 0 1.5em;\">Fig. 3 Prevalence of each KDIGO 2012 category in general population samples.<\/div>\n   <\/div>\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div><!-- .zp-Entry .zpSearchResultsItem -->\t\t\t\t<div id=\"zp-ID-1317-1093634-3AV944QR\" data-zp-author-date='-0000-00-00' data-zp-date-author='0000-00-00-' data-zp-date='0000-00-00' data-zp-year='0000' data-zp-itemtype='annotation' class=\"zp-Entry zpSearchResultsItem\">\n<div class=\"csl-bib-body\" style=\"line-height: 1.35; \">\n  <div class=\"csl-entry\" style=\"clear: left; \">\n    <div class=\"csl-left-margin\" style=\"float: left; padding-right: 0.5em; text-align: right; width: 1em;\">1.<\/div><div class=\"csl-right-inline\" style=\"margin: 0 .4em 0 1.5em;\">Applying KDIGO criteria, 450 (50%) were defined as moderate risk, 86 (10%) high risk and 69 (8%) very high risk. 33% did not have a uACR recorded to determine risk.<\/div>\n   <\/div>\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div><!-- .zp-Entry .zpSearchResultsItem -->\t\t\t\t<div id=\"zp-ID-1317-1093634-SV3FU3SI\" data-zp-author-date='-0000-00-00' data-zp-date-author='0000-00-00-' data-zp-date='0000-00-00' data-zp-year='0000' data-zp-itemtype='annotation' class=\"zp-Entry zpSearchResultsItem\">\n<div class=\"csl-bib-body\" style=\"line-height: 1.35; \">\n  <div class=\"csl-entry\" style=\"clear: left; \">\n    <div class=\"csl-left-margin\" style=\"float: left; padding-right: 0.5em; text-align: right; width: 1em;\">1.<\/div><div class=\"csl-right-inline\" style=\"margin: 0 .4em 0 1.5em;\">905 patients met the inclusion criteria (6% of the population).<\/div>\n   <\/div>\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div><!-- .zp-Entry .zpSearchResultsItem -->\t\t\t\t<div id=\"zp-ID-1317-1093634-A5AQC9BH\" data-zp-author-date='-0000-00-00' data-zp-date-author='0000-00-00-' data-zp-date='0000-00-00' data-zp-year='0000' data-zp-itemtype='annotation' class=\"zp-Entry zpSearchResultsItem\">\n<div class=\"csl-bib-body\" style=\"line-height: 1.35; \">\n  <div class=\"csl-entry\" style=\"clear: left; \">\n    <div class=\"csl-left-margin\" style=\"float: left; padding-right: 0.5em; text-align: right; width: 1em;\">1.<\/div><div class=\"csl-right-inline\" style=\"margin: 0 .4em 0 1.5em;\">14,525 patients.<\/div>\n   <\/div>\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div><!-- .zp-Entry .zpSearchResultsItem -->\t\t\t\t<div id=\"zp-ID-1317-1093634-89KGJRJM\" data-zp-author-date='-0000-00-00' data-zp-date-author='0000-00-00-' data-zp-date='0000-00-00' data-zp-year='0000' data-zp-itemtype='annotation' class=\"zp-Entry zpSearchResultsItem\">\n<div class=\"csl-bib-body\" style=\"line-height: 1.35; \">\n  <div class=\"csl-entry\" style=\"clear: left; \">\n    <div class=\"csl-left-margin\" style=\"float: left; padding-right: 0.5em; text-align: right; width: 1em;\">1.<\/div><div class=\"csl-right-inline\" style=\"margin: 0 .4em 0 1.5em;\">Primary Care software to extract data.<\/div>\n   <\/div>\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div><!-- .zp-Entry .zpSearchResultsItem -->\t\t\t\t<div id=\"zp-ID-1317-1093634-DBQ2BIYD\" data-zp-author-date='-0000-00-00' data-zp-date-author='0000-00-00-' data-zp-date='0000-00-00' data-zp-year='0000' data-zp-itemtype='annotation' class=\"zp-Entry zpSearchResultsItem\">\n<div class=\"csl-bib-body\" style=\"line-height: 1.35; \">\n  <div class=\"csl-entry\" style=\"clear: left; \">\n    <div class=\"csl-left-margin\" style=\"float: left; padding-right: 0.5em; text-align: right; width: 1em;\">1.<\/div><div class=\"csl-right-inline\" style=\"margin: 0 .4em 0 1.5em;\">Introducing a Cardiovascular Renal Metabolic Service to Optimise the\u00a0 Management of Chronic Kidney Disease in Primary Care. An Interface\u00a0 Project.<\/div>\n   <\/div>\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div><!-- .zp-Entry .zpSearchResultsItem -->\t\t\t\t<div id=\"zp-ID-1317-1093634-5JGW36MF\" data-zp-author-date='Linden-et-al.-2025-04-09' data-zp-date-author='2025-04-09-Linden-et-al.' data-zp-date='2025-04-09' data-zp-year='2025' data-zp-itemtype='journalArticle' class=\"zp-Entry zpSearchResultsItem\">\n<div class=\"csl-bib-body\" style=\"line-height: 1.35; \">\n  <div class=\"csl-entry\" style=\"clear: left; \">\n    <div class=\"csl-left-margin\" style=\"float: left; padding-right: 0.5em; text-align: right; width: 1em;\">1.<\/div><div class=\"csl-right-inline\" style=\"margin: 0 .4em 0 1.5em;\">Linden P, Leonard N, Conlan J. Introducing a Cardiovascular Renal Metabolic Service to Optimise the Management of Chronic Kidney Disease in Primary Care. An Interface Project. | International Journal of Integrated Care. 2025 Apr 9 [cited 2025 Sept 24]; Available from: <a class='zp-ItemURL' href='https:\/\/ijic.org\/articles\/10.5334\/ijic.ICIC24496'>https:\/\/ijic.org\/articles\/10.5334\/ijic.ICIC24496<\/a><\/div>\n  <\/div>\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div><!-- .zp-Entry .zpSearchResultsItem -->\t\t\t\t<div id=\"zp-ID-1317-1093634-NVMSN59U\" data-zp-author-date='-0000-00-00' data-zp-date-author='0000-00-00-' data-zp-date='0000-00-00' data-zp-year='0000' data-zp-itemtype='annotation' class=\"zp-Entry zpSearchResultsItem\">\n<div class=\"csl-bib-body\" style=\"line-height: 1.35; \">\n  <div class=\"csl-entry\" style=\"clear: left; \">\n    <div class=\"csl-left-margin\" style=\"float: left; padding-right: 0.5em; text-align: right; width: 1em;\">1.<\/div><div class=\"csl-right-inline\" style=\"margin: 0 .4em 0 1.5em;\">public and private facilities.<\/div>\n   <\/div>\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div><!-- .zp-Entry .zpSearchResultsItem -->\t\t\t\t<div id=\"zp-ID-1317-1093634-LCD6B632\" data-zp-author-date='-0000-00-00' data-zp-date-author='0000-00-00-' data-zp-date='0000-00-00' data-zp-year='0000' data-zp-itemtype='annotation' class=\"zp-Entry zpSearchResultsItem\">\n<div class=\"csl-bib-body\" style=\"line-height: 1.35; \">\n  <div class=\"csl-entry\" style=\"clear: left; \">\n    <div class=\"csl-left-margin\" style=\"float: left; padding-right: 0.5em; text-align: right; width: 1em;\">1.<\/div><div class=\"csl-right-inline\" style=\"margin: 0 .4em 0 1.5em;\">Risk profile, quality of life and care of patients with moderate\u00a0 and advanced CKD: The French CKD-REIN Cohort Study.<\/div>\n   <\/div>\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div><!-- .zp-Entry .zpSearchResultsItem -->\t\t\t\t<div id=\"zp-ID-1317-1093634-HNV9NLBN\" data-zp-author-date='-0000-00-00' data-zp-date-author='0000-00-00-' data-zp-date='0000-00-00' data-zp-year='0000' data-zp-itemtype='annotation' class=\"zp-Entry zpSearchResultsItem\">\n<div class=\"csl-bib-body\" style=\"line-height: 1.35; \">\n  <div class=\"csl-entry\" style=\"clear: left; \">\n    <div class=\"csl-left-margin\" style=\"float: left; padding-right: 0.5em; text-align: right; width: 1em;\">1.<\/div><div class=\"csl-right-inline\" style=\"margin: 0 .4em 0 1.5em;\">Overall distribution according to KDIGO 2012 risk groups showed 7.4% at low or moderate, 15.8% at high and 65.5% at very high risk, while 11.2% were unclassified due to missing albuminuria (Figure 1.<\/div>\n   <\/div>\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div><!-- .zp-Entry .zpSearchResultsItem -->\t\t\t\t<div id=\"zp-ID-1317-1093634-PWNAZUB3\" data-zp-author-date='-0000-00-00' data-zp-date-author='0000-00-00-' data-zp-date='0000-00-00' data-zp-year='0000' data-zp-itemtype='annotation' class=\"zp-Entry zpSearchResultsItem\">\n<div class=\"csl-bib-body\" style=\"line-height: 1.35; \">\n  <div class=\"csl-entry\" style=\"clear: left; \">\n    <div class=\"csl-left-margin\" style=\"float: left; padding-right: 0.5em; text-align: right; width: 1em;\">1.<\/div><div class=\"csl-right-inline\" style=\"margin: 0 .4em 0 1.5em;\">23. Stengel B, Metzger M, Combe C, et al. Risk profile, quality of life and care of patients with moderate and advanced CKD: the French CKD-REIN Cohort Study. Nephrol Dial Transplant. 2019;34:277\u201386.<\/div>\n   <\/div>\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div><!-- .zp-Entry .zpSearchResultsItem -->\t\t\t\t<div id=\"zp-ID-1317-1093634-N3XZWQ6Z\" data-zp-author-date='-0000-00-00' data-zp-date-author='0000-00-00-' data-zp-date='0000-00-00' data-zp-year='0000' data-zp-itemtype='annotation' class=\"zp-Entry zpSearchResultsItem\">\n<div class=\"csl-bib-body\" style=\"line-height: 1.35; \">\n  <div class=\"csl-entry\" style=\"clear: left; \">\n    <div class=\"csl-left-margin\" style=\"float: left; padding-right: 0.5em; text-align: right; width: 1em;\">1.<\/div><div class=\"csl-right-inline\" style=\"margin: 0 .4em 0 1.5em;\">participants fell within the KDIGO 2012 lowrisk group, 3.7\u201313.4% within the moderately increased risk group, 0.9\u20135.6% within the highrisk group and 0.3\u20134.8% within the very highrisk group.<\/div>\n   <\/div>\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div><!-- .zp-Entry .zpSearchResultsItem -->\t\t\t\t<div id=\"zp-ID-1317-1093634-4UVS3FK9\" data-zp-author-date='-0000-00-00' data-zp-date-author='0000-00-00-' data-zp-date='0000-00-00' data-zp-year='0000' data-zp-itemtype='annotation' class=\"zp-Entry zpSearchResultsItem\">\n<div class=\"csl-bib-body\" style=\"line-height: 1.35; \">\n  <div class=\"csl-entry\" style=\"clear: left; \">\n    <div class=\"csl-left-margin\" style=\"float: left; padding-right: 0.5em; text-align: right; width: 1em;\">1.<\/div><div class=\"csl-right-inline\" style=\"margin: 0 .4em 0 1.5em;\">ost fell within the KDIGO 2012 low-risk or moderate-risk groups, with 0.9\u20135.6% in the high-risk and 0.3\u20134.8% in the very high-risk groups.<\/div>\n   <\/div>\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div><!-- .zp-Entry .zpSearchResultsItem -->\t\t\t\t<div id=\"zp-ID-1317-1093634-5HMBESS2\" data-zp-author-date='-0000-00-00' data-zp-date-author='0000-00-00-' data-zp-date='0000-00-00' data-zp-year='0000' data-zp-itemtype='annotation' class=\"zp-Entry zpSearchResultsItem\">\n<div class=\"csl-bib-body\" style=\"line-height: 1.35; \">\n  <div class=\"csl-entry\" style=\"clear: left; \">\n    <div class=\"csl-left-margin\" style=\"float: left; padding-right: 0.5em; text-align: right; width: 1em;\">1.<\/div><div class=\"csl-right-inline\" style=\"margin: 0 .4em 0 1.5em;\">revalence of CKD (GFR categories G3\u20135), ranging from 2% to 17%.<\/div>\n   <\/div>\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div><!-- .zp-Entry .zpSearchResultsItem -->\t\t\t\t<div id=\"zp-ID-1317-1093634-NV9HSB6Q\" data-zp-author-date='-0000-00-00' data-zp-date-author='0000-00-00-' data-zp-date='0000-00-00' data-zp-year='0000' data-zp-itemtype='annotation' class=\"zp-Entry zpSearchResultsItem\">\n<div class=\"csl-bib-body\" style=\"line-height: 1.35; \">\n  <div class=\"csl-entry\" style=\"clear: left; \">\n    <div class=\"csl-left-margin\" style=\"float: left; padding-right: 0.5em; text-align: right; width: 1em;\">1.<\/div><div class=\"csl-right-inline\" style=\"margin: 0 .4em 0 1.5em;\">Adv Ther (2021).<\/div>\n   <\/div>\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div><!-- .zp-Entry .zpSearchResultsItem -->\t\t\t\t<div id=\"zp-ID-1317-1093634-MGJR4HRT\" data-zp-author-date='-0000-00-00' data-zp-date-author='0000-00-00-' data-zp-date='0000-00-00' data-zp-year='0000' data-zp-itemtype='annotation' class=\"zp-Entry zpSearchResultsItem\">\n<div class=\"csl-bib-body\" style=\"line-height: 1.35; \">\n  <div class=\"csl-entry\" style=\"clear: left; \">\n    <div class=\"csl-left-margin\" style=\"float: left; padding-right: 0.5em; text-align: right; width: 1em;\">1.<\/div><div class=\"csl-right-inline\" style=\"margin: 0 .4em 0 1.5em;\">Burden of Chronic Kidney Disease by KDIGO Categories of Glomerular Filtration Rate and Albuminuria: A Systematic Review.<\/div>\n   <\/div>\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div><!-- .zp-Entry .zpSearchResultsItem -->\t\t\t\t<div id=\"zp-ID-1317-1093634-DU57T8ZR\" data-zp-author-date='-0000-00-00' data-zp-date-author='0000-00-00-' data-zp-date='0000-00-00' data-zp-year='0000' data-zp-itemtype='annotation' class=\"zp-Entry zpSearchResultsItem\">\n<div class=\"csl-bib-body\" style=\"line-height: 1.35; \">\n  <div class=\"csl-entry\" style=\"clear: left; \">\n    <div class=\"csl-left-margin\" style=\"float: left; padding-right: 0.5em; text-align: right; width: 1em;\">1.<\/div><div class=\"csl-right-inline\" style=\"margin: 0 .4em 0 1.5em;\">1.1).<\/div>\n   <\/div>\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div><!-- .zp-Entry .zpSearchResultsItem -->\t\t\t\t<div id=\"zp-ID-1317-1093634-ZFMNHDA9\" data-zp-author-date='-0000-00-00' data-zp-date-author='0000-00-00-' data-zp-date='0000-00-00' data-zp-year='0000' data-zp-itemtype='annotation' class=\"zp-Entry zpSearchResultsItem\">\n<div class=\"csl-bib-body\" style=\"line-height: 1.35; \">\n  <div class=\"csl-entry\" style=\"clear: left; \">\n    <div class=\"csl-left-margin\" style=\"float: left; padding-right: 0.5em; text-align: right; width: 1em;\">1.<\/div><div class=\"csl-right-inline\" style=\"margin: 0 .4em 0 1.5em;\">6.5.<\/div>\n   <\/div>\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div><!-- .zp-Entry .zpSearchResultsItem -->\t\t\t\t<div id=\"zp-ID-1317-1093634-N76RFVZP\" data-zp-author-date='-0000-00-00' data-zp-date-author='0000-00-00-' data-zp-date='0000-00-00' data-zp-year='0000' data-zp-itemtype='annotation' class=\"zp-Entry zpSearchResultsItem\">\n<div class=\"csl-bib-body\" style=\"line-height: 1.35; \">\n  <div class=\"csl-entry\" style=\"clear: left; \">\n    <div class=\"csl-left-margin\" style=\"float: left; padding-right: 0.5em; text-align: right; width: 1em;\">1.<\/div><div class=\"csl-right-inline\" style=\"margin: 0 .4em 0 1.5em;\">23.8.<\/div>\n   <\/div>\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div><!-- .zp-Entry .zpSearchResultsItem -->\t\t\t\t<div id=\"zp-ID-1317-1093634-GBEQF7IT\" data-zp-author-date='-0000-00-00' data-zp-date-author='0000-00-00-' data-zp-date='0000-00-00' data-zp-year='0000' data-zp-itemtype='annotation' class=\"zp-Entry zpSearchResultsItem\">\n<div class=\"csl-bib-body\" style=\"line-height: 1.35; \">\n  <div class=\"csl-entry\" style=\"clear: left; \">\n    <div class=\"csl-left-margin\" style=\"float: left; padding-right: 0.5em; text-align: right; width: 1em;\">1.<\/div><div class=\"csl-right-inline\" style=\"margin: 0 .4em 0 1.5em;\">68.6.<\/div>\n   <\/div>\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div><!-- .zp-Entry .zpSearchResultsItem -->\t\t\t\t<div id=\"zp-ID-1317-1093634-BI3X9KPE\" data-zp-author-date='-0000-00-00' data-zp-date-author='0000-00-00-' data-zp-date='0000-00-00' data-zp-year='0000' data-zp-itemtype='annotation' class=\"zp-Entry zpSearchResultsItem\">\n<div class=\"csl-bib-body\" style=\"line-height: 1.35; \">\n  <div class=\"csl-entry\" style=\"clear: left; \">\n    <div class=\"csl-left-margin\" style=\"float: left; padding-right: 0.5em; text-align: right; width: 1em;\">1.<\/div><div class=\"csl-right-inline\" style=\"margin: 0 .4em 0 1.5em;\">CKD stage at first qualifying eGFR measurement.<\/div>\n   <\/div>\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div><!-- .zp-Entry .zpSearchResultsItem -->\t\t\t\t<div id=\"zp-ID-1317-1093634-CJTBKVAG\" data-zp-author-date='-0000-00-00' data-zp-date-author='0000-00-00-' data-zp-date='0000-00-00' data-zp-year='0000' data-zp-itemtype='annotation' class=\"zp-Entry zpSearchResultsItem\">\n<div class=\"csl-bib-body\" style=\"line-height: 1.35; \">\n  <div class=\"csl-entry\" style=\"clear: left; \">\n    <div class=\"csl-left-margin\" style=\"float: left; padding-right: 0.5em; text-align: right; width: 1em;\">1.<\/div><div class=\"csl-right-inline\" style=\"margin: 0 .4em 0 1.5em;\">testing within 6 months of CKD diagnosis.<\/div>\n   <\/div>\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div><!-- .zp-Entry .zpSearchResultsItem -->\t\t\t\t<div id=\"zp-ID-1317-1093634-H4QWENIJ\" data-zp-author-date='-0000-00-00' data-zp-date-author='0000-00-00-' data-zp-date='0000-00-00' data-zp-year='0000' data-zp-itemtype='annotation' class=\"zp-Entry zpSearchResultsItem\">\n<div class=\"csl-bib-body\" style=\"line-height: 1.35; \">\n  <div class=\"csl-entry\" style=\"clear: left; \">\n    <div class=\"csl-left-margin\" style=\"float: left; padding-right: 0.5em; text-align: right; width: 1em;\">1.<\/div><div class=\"csl-right-inline\" style=\"margin: 0 .4em 0 1.5em;\">6529 patients with CKD (18.4%) received follow-up urine albumin to creatinine ratio (UACR.<\/div>\n   <\/div>\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div><!-- .zp-Entry .zpSearchResultsItem -->\t\t\t\t<div id=\"zp-ID-1317-1093634-LGFJ5SMF\" data-zp-author-date='-0000-00-00' data-zp-date-author='0000-00-00-' data-zp-date='0000-00-00' data-zp-year='0000' data-zp-itemtype='annotation' class=\"zp-Entry zpSearchResultsItem\">\n<div class=\"csl-bib-body\" style=\"line-height: 1.35; \">\n  <div class=\"csl-entry\" style=\"clear: left; \">\n    <div class=\"csl-left-margin\" style=\"float: left; padding-right: 0.5em; text-align: right; width: 1em;\">1.<\/div><div class=\"csl-right-inline\" style=\"margin: 0 .4em 0 1.5em;\">With Diabetes and Hypertension (n = 14 859 [32.2%]).<\/div>\n   <\/div>\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div><!-- .zp-Entry .zpSearchResultsItem -->\t\t\t\t<div id=\"zp-ID-1317-1093634-9S49AALH\" data-zp-author-date='-0000-00-00' data-zp-date-author='0000-00-00-' data-zp-date='0000-00-00' data-zp-year='0000' data-zp-itemtype='annotation' class=\"zp-Entry zpSearchResultsItem\">\n<div class=\"csl-bib-body\" style=\"line-height: 1.35; \">\n  <div class=\"csl-entry\" style=\"clear: left; \">\n    <div class=\"csl-left-margin\" style=\"float: left; padding-right: 0.5em; text-align: right; width: 1em;\">1.<\/div><div class=\"csl-right-inline\" style=\"margin: 0 .4em 0 1.5em;\">With Diabetes (n = 6770 [14.7%]).<\/div>\n   <\/div>\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div><!-- .zp-Entry .zpSearchResultsItem -->\t\t\t\t<div id=\"zp-ID-1317-1093634-K3T2S85Z\" data-zp-author-date='-0000-00-00' data-zp-date-author='0000-00-00-' data-zp-date='0000-00-00' data-zp-year='0000' data-zp-itemtype='annotation' class=\"zp-Entry zpSearchResultsItem\">\n<div class=\"csl-bib-body\" style=\"line-height: 1.35; \">\n  <div class=\"csl-entry\" style=\"clear: left; \">\n    <div class=\"csl-left-margin\" style=\"float: left; padding-right: 0.5em; text-align: right; width: 1em;\">1.<\/div><div class=\"csl-right-inline\" style=\"margin: 0 .4em 0 1.5em;\">6770 (14.7%) had diabetes without\u00a0 hypertension, 16 930 (36.7%) had hypertension only, and 14 859 (32.2%) had both diabetes and\u00a0 hypertension.<\/div>\n   <\/div>\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div><!-- .zp-Entry .zpSearchResultsItem -->\t\t\t\t<div id=\"zp-ID-1317-1093634-UG4DEHZK\" data-zp-author-date='-0000-00-00' data-zp-date-author='0000-00-00-' data-zp-date='0000-00-00' data-zp-year='0000' data-zp-itemtype='annotation' class=\"zp-Entry zpSearchResultsItem\">\n<div class=\"csl-bib-body\" style=\"line-height: 1.35; \">\n  <div class=\"csl-entry\" style=\"clear: left; \">\n    <div class=\"csl-left-margin\" style=\"float: left; padding-right: 0.5em; text-align: right; width: 1em;\">1.<\/div><div class=\"csl-right-inline\" style=\"margin: 0 .4em 0 1.5em;\">56.0).<\/div>\n   <\/div>\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div><!-- .zp-Entry .zpSearchResultsItem -->\t\t\t\t<div id=\"zp-ID-1317-1093634-4QZLLW6E\" data-zp-author-date='-0000-00-00' data-zp-date-author='0000-00-00-' data-zp-date='0000-00-00' data-zp-year='0000' data-zp-itemtype='annotation' class=\"zp-Entry zpSearchResultsItem\">\n<div class=\"csl-bib-body\" style=\"line-height: 1.35; \">\n  <div class=\"csl-entry\" style=\"clear: left; \">\n    <div class=\"csl-left-margin\" style=\"float: left; padding-right: 0.5em; text-align: right; width: 1em;\">1.<\/div><div class=\"csl-right-inline\" style=\"margin: 0 .4em 0 1.5em;\">69.2 (14.0).<\/div>\n   <\/div>\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div><!-- .zp-Entry .zpSearchResultsItem -->\t\t\t\t<div id=\"zp-ID-1317-1093634-BNCZ2LB4\" data-zp-author-date='-0000-00-00' data-zp-date-author='0000-00-00-' data-zp-date='0000-00-00' data-zp-year='0000' data-zp-itemtype='annotation' class=\"zp-Entry zpSearchResultsItem\">\n<div class=\"csl-bib-body\" style=\"line-height: 1.35; \">\n  <div class=\"csl-entry\" style=\"clear: left; \">\n    <div class=\"csl-left-margin\" style=\"float: left; padding-right: 0.5em; text-align: right; width: 1em;\">1.<\/div><div class=\"csl-right-inline\" style=\"margin: 0 .4em 0 1.5em;\">6 162 patients (mean [SD] age, 69.2 [14.0] years; 25 855\u00a0 [56.0%] female) from primary care practices.<\/div>\n   <\/div>\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div><!-- .zp-Entry .zpSearchResultsItem -->\t\t\t\t<div id=\"zp-ID-1317-1093634-CGQT4G2Q\" data-zp-author-date='-0000-00-00' data-zp-date-author='0000-00-00-' data-zp-date='0000-00-00' data-zp-year='0000' data-zp-itemtype='annotation' class=\"zp-Entry zpSearchResultsItem\">\n<div class=\"csl-bib-body\" style=\"line-height: 1.35; \">\n  <div class=\"csl-entry\" style=\"clear: left; \">\n    <div class=\"csl-left-margin\" style=\"float: left; padding-right: 0.5em; text-align: right; width: 1em;\">1.<\/div><div class=\"csl-right-inline\" style=\"margin: 0 .4em 0 1.5em;\">Only 6529 patients (18.4%) with CKD received a urine albumin test within 6\u00a0 months of CKD diagnosis,.<\/div>\n   <\/div>\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div><!-- .zp-Entry .zpSearchResultsItem -->\t\t\t\t<div id=\"zp-ID-1317-1093634-TUV5J634\" data-zp-author-date='-0000-00-00' data-zp-date-author='0000-00-00-' data-zp-date='0000-00-00' data-zp-year='0000' data-zp-itemtype='annotation' class=\"zp-Entry zpSearchResultsItem\">\n<div class=\"csl-bib-body\" style=\"line-height: 1.35; \">\n  <div class=\"csl-entry\" style=\"clear: left; \">\n    <div class=\"csl-left-margin\" style=\"float: left; padding-right: 0.5em; text-align: right; width: 1em;\">1.<\/div><div class=\"csl-right-inline\" style=\"margin: 0 .4em 0 1.5em;\">with stage 3 to 5 CKD.<\/div>\n   <\/div>\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div><!-- .zp-Entry .zpSearchResultsItem -->\t\t\t\t<div id=\"zp-ID-1317-1093634-CUF55GJJ\" data-zp-author-date='-0000-00-00' data-zp-date-author='0000-00-00-' data-zp-date='0000-00-00' data-zp-year='0000' data-zp-itemtype='annotation' class=\"zp-Entry zpSearchResultsItem\">\n<div class=\"csl-bib-body\" style=\"line-height: 1.35; \">\n  <div class=\"csl-entry\" style=\"clear: left; \">\n    <div class=\"csl-left-margin\" style=\"float: left; padding-right: 0.5em; text-align: right; width: 1em;\">1.<\/div><div class=\"csl-right-inline\" style=\"margin: 0 .4em 0 1.5em;\">46 162 patients (mean [SD] age, 69.2 [14.0].<\/div>\n   <\/div>\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div><!-- .zp-Entry .zpSearchResultsItem -->\t\t\t\t<div id=\"zp-ID-1317-1093634-DJBBP6YY\" data-zp-author-date='-0000-00-00' data-zp-date-author='0000-00-00-' data-zp-date='0000-00-00' data-zp-year='0000' data-zp-itemtype='annotation' class=\"zp-Entry zpSearchResultsItem\">\n<div class=\"csl-bib-body\" style=\"line-height: 1.35; \">\n  <div class=\"csl-entry\" style=\"clear: left; \">\n    <div class=\"csl-left-margin\" style=\"float: left; padding-right: 0.5em; text-align: right; width: 1em;\">1.<\/div><div class=\"csl-right-inline\" style=\"margin: 0 .4em 0 1.5em;\">2019.<\/div>\n   <\/div>\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div><!-- .zp-Entry .zpSearchResultsItem -->\t\t\t\t<div id=\"zp-ID-1317-1093634-6W74YU8A\" data-zp-author-date='-0000-00-00' data-zp-date-author='0000-00-00-' data-zp-date='0000-00-00' data-zp-year='0000' data-zp-itemtype='annotation' class=\"zp-Entry zpSearchResultsItem\">\n<div class=\"csl-bib-body\" style=\"line-height: 1.35; \">\n  <div class=\"csl-entry\" style=\"clear: left; \">\n    <div class=\"csl-left-margin\" style=\"float: left; padding-right: 0.5em; text-align: right; width: 1em;\">1.<\/div><div class=\"csl-right-inline\" style=\"margin: 0 .4em 0 1.5em;\">Quality of Chronic Kidney Disease Management\u00a0 in Canadian Primary Care.<\/div>\n   <\/div>\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div><!-- .zp-Entry .zpSearchResultsItem -->\t\t\t\t<div id=\"zp-ID-1317-1093634-8QNE6QDR\" data-zp-author-date='-0000-00-00' data-zp-date-author='0000-00-00-' data-zp-date='0000-00-00' data-zp-year='0000' data-zp-itemtype='annotation' class=\"zp-Entry zpSearchResultsItem\">\n<div class=\"csl-bib-body\" style=\"line-height: 1.35; \">\n  <div class=\"csl-entry\" style=\"clear: left; \">\n    <div class=\"csl-left-margin\" style=\"float: left; padding-right: 0.5em; text-align: right; width: 1em;\">1.<\/div><div class=\"csl-right-inline\" style=\"margin: 0 .4em 0 1.5em;\">Electronic medical\u00a0 record.<\/div>\n   <\/div>\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div><!-- .zp-Entry .zpSearchResultsItem -->\t\t\t\t<div id=\"zp-ID-1317-1093634-G88L2LIA\" data-zp-author-date='-0000-00-00' data-zp-date-author='0000-00-00-' data-zp-date='0000-00-00' data-zp-year='0000' data-zp-itemtype='annotation' class=\"zp-Entry zpSearchResultsItem\">\n<div class=\"csl-bib-body\" style=\"line-height: 1.35; \">\n  <div class=\"csl-entry\" style=\"clear: left; \">\n    <div class=\"csl-left-margin\" style=\"float: left; padding-right: 0.5em; text-align: right; width: 1em;\">1.<\/div><div class=\"csl-right-inline\" style=\"margin: 0 .4em 0 1.5em;\">\u2022 The estimated prevalence of CKD in France at 8%\u201310% is close to that expected.<\/div>\n   <\/div>\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div><!-- .zp-Entry .zpSearchResultsItem -->\t\t\t\t<div id=\"zp-ID-1317-1093634-WZ4EFDPU\" data-zp-author-date='-0000-00-00' data-zp-date-author='0000-00-00-' data-zp-date='0000-00-00' data-zp-year='0000' data-zp-itemtype='annotation' class=\"zp-Entry zpSearchResultsItem\">\n<div class=\"csl-bib-body\" style=\"line-height: 1.35; \">\n  <div class=\"csl-entry\" style=\"clear: left; \">\n    <div class=\"csl-left-margin\" style=\"float: left; padding-right: 0.5em; text-align: right; width: 1em;\">1.<\/div><div class=\"csl-right-inline\" style=\"margin: 0 .4em 0 1.5em;\">n France, the MONALISA study using three representative cross-sectional surveys in subjects aged 35\u201374.9 years estimated the CKD prevalence at 8.2% (95% CI, 7.4\u20138.9%).<\/div>\n   <\/div>\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div><!-- .zp-Entry .zpSearchResultsItem -->\t\t\t\t<div id=\"zp-ID-1317-1093634-2XNSCD9A\" data-zp-author-date='-0000-00-00' data-zp-date-author='0000-00-00-' data-zp-date='0000-00-00' data-zp-year='0000' data-zp-itemtype='annotation' class=\"zp-Entry zpSearchResultsItem\">\n<div class=\"csl-bib-body\" style=\"line-height: 1.35; \">\n  <div class=\"csl-entry\" style=\"clear: left; \">\n    <div class=\"csl-left-margin\" style=\"float: left; padding-right: 0.5em; text-align: right; width: 1em;\">1.<\/div><div class=\"csl-right-inline\" style=\"margin: 0 .4em 0 1.5em;\">18% of individuals treated for diabetes.<\/div>\n   <\/div>\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div><!-- .zp-Entry .zpSearchResultsItem -->\t\t\t\t<div id=\"zp-ID-1317-1093634-MX9VFK4H\" data-zp-author-date='-0000-00-00' data-zp-date-author='0000-00-00-' data-zp-date='0000-00-00' data-zp-year='0000' data-zp-itemtype='annotation' class=\"zp-Entry zpSearchResultsItem\">\n<div class=\"csl-bib-body\" style=\"line-height: 1.35; \">\n  <div class=\"csl-entry\" style=\"clear: left; \">\n    <div class=\"csl-left-margin\" style=\"float: left; padding-right: 0.5em; text-align: right; width: 1em;\">1.<\/div><div class=\"csl-right-inline\" style=\"margin: 0 .4em 0 1.5em;\">54% women.<\/div>\n   <\/div>\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div><!-- .zp-Entry .zpSearchResultsItem -->\t\t\t\t<div id=\"zp-ID-1317-1093634-AFM6WFE2\" data-zp-author-date='-0000-00-00' data-zp-date-author='0000-00-00-' data-zp-date='0000-00-00' data-zp-year='0000' data-zp-itemtype='annotation' class=\"zp-Entry zpSearchResultsItem\">\n<div class=\"csl-bib-body\" style=\"line-height: 1.35; \">\n  <div class=\"csl-entry\" style=\"clear: left; \">\n    <div class=\"csl-left-margin\" style=\"float: left; padding-right: 0.5em; text-align: right; width: 1em;\">1.<\/div><div class=\"csl-right-inline\" style=\"margin: 0 .4em 0 1.5em;\">in the \u2018likely\u2019 group.<\/div>\n   <\/div>\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div><!-- .zp-Entry .zpSearchResultsItem -->\t\t\t\t<div id=\"zp-ID-1317-1093634-L4NFTMBB\" data-zp-author-date='-0000-00-00' data-zp-date-author='0000-00-00-' data-zp-date='0000-00-00' data-zp-year='0000' data-zp-itemtype='annotation' class=\"zp-Entry zpSearchResultsItem\">\n<div class=\"csl-bib-body\" style=\"line-height: 1.35; \">\n  <div class=\"csl-entry\" style=\"clear: left; \">\n    <div class=\"csl-left-margin\" style=\"float: left; padding-right: 0.5em; text-align: right; width: 1em;\">1.<\/div><div class=\"csl-right-inline\" style=\"margin: 0 .4em 0 1.5em;\">in the \u2018certain\u2019 group, 68 years.<\/div>\n   <\/div>\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div><!-- .zp-Entry .zpSearchResultsItem -->\t\t\t\t<div id=\"zp-ID-1317-1093634-XHQDQ6SU\" data-zp-author-date='-0000-00-00' data-zp-date-author='0000-00-00-' data-zp-date='0000-00-00' data-zp-year='0000' data-zp-itemtype='annotation' class=\"zp-Entry zpSearchResultsItem\">\n<div class=\"csl-bib-body\" style=\"line-height: 1.35; \">\n  <div class=\"csl-entry\" style=\"clear: left; \">\n    <div class=\"csl-left-margin\" style=\"float: left; padding-right: 0.5em; text-align: right; width: 1em;\">1.<\/div><div class=\"csl-right-inline\" style=\"margin: 0 .4em 0 1.5em;\">The median age was 67 years.<\/div>\n   <\/div>\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div><!-- .zp-Entry .zpSearchResultsItem -->\t\t\t\t<div id=\"zp-ID-1317-1093634-AWDYR4TG\" data-zp-author-date='-0000-00-00' data-zp-date-author='0000-00-00-' data-zp-date='0000-00-00' data-zp-year='0000' data-zp-itemtype='annotation' class=\"zp-Entry zpSearchResultsItem\">\n<div class=\"csl-bib-body\" style=\"line-height: 1.35; \">\n  <div class=\"csl-entry\" style=\"clear: left; \">\n    <div class=\"csl-left-margin\" style=\"float: left; padding-right: 0.5em; text-align: right; width: 1em;\">1.<\/div><div class=\"csl-right-inline\" style=\"margin: 0 .4em 0 1.5em;\">n 2021, representing an estimated prevalence in the general population increasing from 8.1% to 10.5%.<\/div>\n   <\/div>\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div><!-- .zp-Entry .zpSearchResultsItem -->\t\t\t\t<div id=\"zp-ID-1317-1093634-HLH5VSDX\" data-zp-author-date='-0000-00-00' data-zp-date-author='0000-00-00-' data-zp-date='0000-00-00' data-zp-year='0000' data-zp-itemtype='annotation' class=\"zp-Entry zpSearchResultsItem\">\n<div class=\"csl-bib-body\" style=\"line-height: 1.35; \">\n  <div class=\"csl-entry\" style=\"clear: left; \">\n    <div class=\"csl-left-margin\" style=\"float: left; padding-right: 0.5em; text-align: right; width: 1em;\">1.<\/div><div class=\"csl-right-inline\" style=\"margin: 0 .4em 0 1.5em;\">RENALGO-EXPERT algorithm identified 4.5% of the volunteers in the CONSTANCES as CKD.<\/div>\n   <\/div>\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div><!-- .zp-Entry .zpSearchResultsItem -->\t\t\t\t<div id=\"zp-ID-1317-1093634-6KVQUSUJ\" data-zp-author-date='-0000-00-00' data-zp-date-author='0000-00-00-' data-zp-date='0000-00-00' data-zp-year='0000' data-zp-itemtype='annotation' class=\"zp-Entry zpSearchResultsItem\">\n<div class=\"csl-bib-body\" style=\"line-height: 1.35; \">\n  <div class=\"csl-entry\" style=\"clear: left; \">\n    <div class=\"csl-left-margin\" style=\"float: left; padding-right: 0.5em; text-align: right; width: 1em;\">1.<\/div><div class=\"csl-right-inline\" style=\"margin: 0 .4em 0 1.5em;\">the estimated prevalence in the SNDS increased from 8.1% to 10.5%.<\/div>\n   <\/div>\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div><!-- .zp-Entry .zpSearchResultsItem -->\t\t\t\t<div id=\"zp-ID-1317-1093634-7PEZ4939\" data-zp-author-date='-0000-00-00' data-zp-date-author='0000-00-00-' data-zp-date='0000-00-00' data-zp-year='0000' data-zp-itemtype='annotation' class=\"zp-Entry zpSearchResultsItem\">\n<div class=\"csl-bib-body\" style=\"line-height: 1.35; \">\n  <div class=\"csl-entry\" style=\"clear: left; \">\n    <div class=\"csl-left-margin\" style=\"float: left; padding-right: 0.5em; text-align: right; width: 1em;\">1.<\/div><div class=\"csl-right-inline\" style=\"margin: 0 .4em 0 1.5em;\">CONSTANCES.<\/div>\n   <\/div>\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div><!-- .zp-Entry .zpSearchResultsItem -->\t\t\t\t<div id=\"zp-ID-1317-1093634-XJRBALW5\" data-zp-author-date='-0000-00-00' data-zp-date-author='0000-00-00-' data-zp-date='0000-00-00' data-zp-year='0000' data-zp-itemtype='annotation' class=\"zp-Entry zpSearchResultsItem\">\n<div class=\"csl-bib-body\" style=\"line-height: 1.35; \">\n  <div class=\"csl-entry\" style=\"clear: left; \">\n    <div class=\"csl-left-margin\" style=\"float: left; padding-right: 0.5em; text-align: right; width: 1em;\">1.<\/div><div class=\"csl-right-inline\" style=\"margin: 0 .4em 0 1.5em;\">SNDS.<\/div>\n   <\/div>\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div><!-- .zp-Entry .zpSearchResultsItem --><\/div><!-- .zp-zp-SEO-Content -->\n<\/div><!-- .zp-List --><\/div><!--.zp-Zotpress-->\n\n\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>VI.\u00a0L&rsquo;analyse en recherche qualitative Afin de r\u00e9pondre \u00e0 une question de recherche qualitative, on va utiliser une m\u00e9thodologie pr\u00e9cise. On peut r\u00e9aliser une analyse selon plusieurs points de vue : Le social, on utilisera la th\u00e9orisation ancr\u00e9e. L&rsquo;individu, on utilisera la ph\u00e9nom\u00e9nologie interpr\u00e9tative. La linguistique, on utilisera l\u2019analyse du discours. La culture, on utilisera l&rsquo;\u00e9thnographie. [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"parent":147,"menu_order":45,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-1317","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v27.6 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>Analyse des r\u00e9sultats (6) - LEPCAM<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/lepcam.fr\/index.php\/les-etapes\/quali\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"fr_FR\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Analyse des r\u00e9sultats (6) - LEPCAM\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"VI.\u00a0L&rsquo;analyse en recherche qualitative Afin de r\u00e9pondre \u00e0 une question de recherche qualitative, on va utiliser une m\u00e9thodologie pr\u00e9cise. On peut r\u00e9aliser une analyse selon plusieurs points de vue : Le social, on utilisera la th\u00e9orisation ancr\u00e9e. L&rsquo;individu, on utilisera la ph\u00e9nom\u00e9nologie interpr\u00e9tative. La linguistique, on utilisera l\u2019analyse du discours. La culture, on utilisera l&rsquo;\u00e9thnographie. 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